Browsing by Subject "Households"
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Item Affirmative Action for Dalits: Positive or Reverse Discrimination? (A Study of Humin VDC of Palpa District)(Department of Sociology, 2010) Manav, Anshu SinghNot AvailableItem Fertility Differential Between Gurungand Brahmin Community (A Case Study of Oraste Vdc of Syangja District)(Department of Population Studies, 2008) Pokhrel, Bisheswarnot availableItem A Gender Perspective Analysis of Participation in Community Forestry (A Case Study of Gadawa VDC of Dang District)(Department of Rural Development, 2010) Pokhrel, Sharad KumarThe study is done in the issue of Community Forestry, Which is people oriented forest program in Nepal. The Community Forestry Program is handled through local organizations known as Forest User Group. The effectiveness of Community Forest in relation to people’s participation is thus very crucial. The study focuses in the participation in decision making, in implementation and benefit sharing, effecting factors relation to people’s participation and changed skill and knowledge of Forest User Group of Matpur Nasahawa Community Forest of Gadawa VDC of Dang District. To meet the objective of study, primary and secondary data were collected from the field visit. These data were analyzed descriptively and analytically. In this community forest, Tharu caste is a higher Forest User Group whereas other caste. Participation of Brahaman/Chhetri community is high in comparison to other community. Tharu community is second position. Women participation was satisfactory but less than male. The Users are satisfied with the work carried out by Forest User Committee and Community Forest Program. The educational level was found influential factor in active participation. The different Community Forest related training, which were already held, have benefited the users. The users have managed to gain some knowledge about Community Forest from their Community Forest Program. The users who less participate and less active are found less aware and less motivated. Therefore, more training should be conducted to make active to all users for higher participation. In overall, this community forestry was found a model forest with respect to technical aspects whereas; some major changes in social aspect should be made to improve all level participation in community forestry.Item Micro Enterprises Development programme in Rural Poverty Reduction (A case study of Dumrah VDC of Sunsari)(Department of Rural Development, 2011) Subedi, BadriThis thesis entitled“Micro enterprises development programme in rural povertyreduction: A case study of Dumrah VDC of Sunsari” is anattempt to find therole of microenterprises development programme and to identify its impact on poverty reduction. Thisstudy is conducted on the basis of primary data collected from50respondents. Various challenges have been confronted to entrepreneurs. Seasonal problem and middleman, who determine the priceof product together with the flexibility of price system in thestudy area has acted obstacles,. In the same way, market seems to be the third challenge.Still farmers are exploited by higher classes of community and also by middle men. Out of respondentswho were participatedat MEDEP in Dumraha VDC of sunsari district,more than 40% are Janajati. In the second position Madhesi respondents are 28%.Similarly, among total respondents 24% of respondents are Dalit and 8% respondents arefrom Chhetri / Brahmincaste groups. Micro enterpreneurs show that the average age of people is 45. The minimum age ofentrepreneur (MEDEP member) is 18 while maximum age is 67. The data shows thatmaximum number of enterprenrurs is within the age group of 40-50. From 50 entrepreneurs where 11 were male and 39 women, all men were found to bemarried and womenalso were mostly married. Marriage is a source of comparison ship andoverall security rather than a ritual, social and sexual obligation in Nepalese society. Themaritalstatus of micro enterprises shows that overwhelming majority is married and only 6are unmarried. Through MEDEP small farmers and business men are earning money and progress to thebetter life. The major sources of cash income from MEDEP are livestock, meat, grocesary,vegetables venders and live animalas like chickens and pigs. Livestock based micro-entrepreneurs sell their pigs either to butcher or to middle-manwhocome from India,Bhutan, Kathmandu and Dharan. Live poultry and eggs are also selling to the middle man. V Vegetables are supplied to local markets andevenup to Kathmandu also. There is highdemand of live pigs and chicken due to quite high demands in the local markets too. From the study one-third of the total households are earning less thanNRs 10,000 profitannually. Likewise, 26 percent entrepreneurs earn 10-20 thousand annually. On the otherhand, dramatic fall of percentage can be seen of 20-30 thousand and 30,000 to 40,000.However, 22 percent gained profit annually more than 40,000. Overall, the table shows thata range of profit is quite different, and the household percentage is also not remainedstable. Small farmers not only are engaged only one income generation programme but alsoinvolve other income generation programme. Most of the entrepreneurs have theiralternative source of income. They easily run other activities along with main occupation soit is very supportive for poverty alleviation effort. In the family, some members especiallywomen are involved in livestock enterpriseand male members involved in driving otheractivities. From the studyit is known thatdifferent challenges of MEDEParein the study area. Marketis the most serious challenge among all and almost 36 percent of the entrepreneurs havefaced this problem.Second considerable challenge is middle man, who determine the priceof product and the flexible price system in the study area has acted as an obstacle. In thesame way, diseases seem to be another important problem whichshares about 10 percenttogetherwith seasonal problems by 20 percent. On the contrary, other problems such as skillmanpower, seeds, transportation seems to be the minimal among all the challenges.Item Non-Agriculture Income & Consumption Behavior of Households in Chanuwa Vdc Of Dhankuta Districts(Central Department of Economics Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur Kathamandu, Nepal, 2017-05) Adhikari, BikasItem People’s Experiences on Climate Change and Local Adaptive Strategy: Case Study from Bhorle VDC of Rasuwa District(Department of Sociology, 2011) Thapa, BharatiNot AvailableItem Role of Community Forestry in Women Empowerment A Case Study on Himali Sundarpur CF Chyangthapu- 6, Panchthar District(Department of Rural Development, 2010) Dev Prakash ThulungThe study entitled "Role of Community Forestry in Women Empowerment (A case study of Himali Sundarpur CF Chyangthapu VDC-6, Panchthar District) has been done in the issue of women's empowerment through community forest. Community forest is the people's participatory approach in which the local users of the forest are involved in planning, development, protection, production and use of forest resources. The concept of CF came in to practice in Nepal in the late seventy (1978). At present, the CF programme is launched in most of the parts of Nepal and around 15 thousand FUGs are introduced across the country. Since, woman occupies about 51% of the total population in Nepal, women empowerment and resource accessibility is required to enhance rural development. Women are the keys to open and manage the problems and resources respectively since the long period ago. To strengthen their role in rural development, Nepal also has included women in different development activities and one of them is in community forest management. Community forestry is the most vital option to cope with the women underdevelopment and backwardness. In Nepal, CF has introduced the concept of community forestry in 1978 A.D. with the assistance of World Bank. However, it lacked to involve women particularly in its initial period. The participation of women in community forest management goes data back to the decade of 1990s after the restoration of democracy. Community forestry is people oriented forest program in Nepal. The effectiveness of CF in relation to role of women is very crucial. Still, the primary forest user group (women) is not participated properly in the CFM. This study focused on the role of community forestry in women empowerment. To fulfill these objectives, Nursery community forest of, Chyangthapu VDC of Panchthar district was selected as study area. HSCFUG has 50 households out of total 25 households were selected as sample units. To meet the objectives of the study, primary & secondary data were collected from the field survey. These data are analyzed descriptively & analytically with the help of computer software programmed. For this study, 15 respondents were women and rest was males. It was found that majority of the FUG were made up with the women. It is due to their resource utilization and majority male are in the outside from the village especially in foreign employment. Among the total respondents, The study has revealed that the role of CF in women empowerment is higher in respect to their increasing the participation in development activities due to large accessibility of feminist resources such as fire wood, grass etc. In case of the respondents’ view about the role of this forestry in women enhancement, they were satisfied though they requested to bring up different programs at local level. Some important findings of the study. The HSF FUG has made rules for protection, management, benefit sharing and implementing following those rules and regulations. The main leadership has been taken from women community. Women participation in general assemblies and regular meetings of FUG is not satisfactory. In the study area, women's participation in CFM is found limited. Women's involvement in operational plan preparation is found. There are various caste and cultural groups who are the users of CF. The HSCF user group is a multi ethnic group where Rai , Gurungs, Brameens and Dalits together. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people in the study area. But agricultural production is not sufficient for their livelihood. So, people of the area are involved themselves in subsidiary occupation in various types of services as well as labour, driver, trade.Item Role of Remittance in Socioeconomic Development of Rural Households: A Case Study of Puja Vdc, Pyuthan(Central Department of Economic, 2015) Sharma, Krishana PrasadThe principal theme of this study is to analyze the extent to which the remittance transfers impact on socioeconomic development of rural households. Required data was collected from Puja VDC of Pyuthan district by proportional random sampling method using a pre-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using simple statistical tools like mean, percentage, and ratio. Inequality was measured using Gini-coefficient and Lorenz Curve techniques. The key findings of the study are that reasons to seek foreign employment include unemployment and family debt burden; remittance has increased the socioeconomic condition of the households and played vital role in alleviating poverty; a larger amount of remittance income has been used for household expenses followed by loan repayment and social activities; most of the returnees are unable to apply their skills learnt from foreign employment; income inequality in the study area has been quite high after remittance transfer which widens Gini-coefficient from 0.48 to 0.61. Remittance has been extremely important to Nepal as the country has ranked at the top among the remittance recipient LDCs relating to the share of the GDP. Remittance has emerged as one of the most fruitful panacea to get rid of many problems. Official remittances have grown by an average of 24% over the past 10 years and if the growth rate is continued remittance will exceed the total GDP of Nepal in 2020. This study suggests that the government needs to reduce the high cost incurred for migration; stop the activities of brokers and agents who exploit the potential migrants; stop physical torture against women migrants; channel remittance into productive sectors of the economy including small and micro enterprises through financial intermediaries; set up a separate bank for providing loans for foreign employment; provide skill development training before going to abroad and provide opportunities to utilize newly learnt skills from foreign employment. Remittance has succeeded creating essential pre-conditions of development. If remittance and other resources are properly managed through policy programmes, the economy has now reached the stage from where we can expect sustained growth and development with further reduction in poverty and inequality in coming years.Item Role of Women in Household Decision Making in Tharu Community (A Case Study of Halawar VDC, Dang)(Department of Sociology, 2010) Subedi, SabitaNot AvailableItem Rural Poverty in Nepal (A Case Study of Semlar VDC, Rupandehi District)(Department of Rural Development, 2010) Parajuli, ShashidharNepal is a least developed country in the world, it has a rural economy based on agriculture and characterized by scare and underdeveloped resources increasing inequality, illiteracy, and unemployment and increasing poverty. Poverty is the cause of conflict, caste, ethnicity and gender discrimination. The present study has focused on the rural poverty of Semlar VDC, Rupandehi district of Nepal. It also explains the absolute, relative and total poverty, identifying the extent of poverty and incident of poverty in the study area. The study has been conducted in Semlar VDC. The respondents were selected 45 households out of 1459 on the basis of random sampling. In the study area, the subsistence level of living is determined through the calculation of the local market price of the cereal, pulses, and others food and non food items according to NPC, which is here absolute poverty level of the area is Nrs.26.54 per capita per day. Relative poverty is determined through the wolf- point i.e.Nrs.53.72. In the total sample population, male population is slightly greater than female. The percentage of male population is 53.4 and female population percent is 46.59. It is also found that among the total sample HHs 22.22 percent have female household heads and 77.78 percent are male HHs heads. The population depended in agriculture is 66.66. The percentage of economically active population is 54.65 percent. The study has found 12.05 percent of total sampled populations are illiterate; 67.75 percent literate and 20.20 percent population are educated. In the study area, 15.55 percent households and 18.02 percent people are absolute poor. 37.77 percent households and 36.61 percent people are relative poor among 45 households and 355 sampled population. In the study area, 46.66 percent households and 45.35 percent people are Non-poor. Similarly, the mean income of the poor household is Rs. 31.88 per capital per day. The mean income of the absolutely poor household is Rs. 17.45 per capita per day. The calculated value of Sen’s poverty index considering inequality is 0.2181 and without considering inequality in income distribution among poor is 0.1745. Gini-coefficient for total sample households is 0.5109. The value of Gini-coefficient among the absolute poor household is 0.13. It indicates that there is existence of income inequality among the absolute poor HHs. In the study area the majority of economically active population is engaged in agriculture sector, but they have low productivity, lack of agriculture credit, fertilizers and irrigation, small size of landholding, backwardness in technology. Lack of market facilities and low level of infrastructure development is also one of the main causes of poverty. The problem of poverty varies from place to place but most of the factor remains equal such factor like education, employment, health, social security and other institutional development in the local level are the most dominant factor of rural poverty. Alone none of the power can reduce poverty but the equal effort and collaboration with and within the various wings of the development policies, institutions and practitioners is necessary.Item Socio-Economic Status of Women: A Sociological Study on Women Employees of Private Commercial Bank in Kathmandu Metropolitan City(Department of Sociology, 2010) Silwal, SabitaNot AvailableItem study of health and sanitation facility of ex-kamaiya inrajapur and dhadawar vdcS of bardiya district(Department of Rural Development, 2011) Gyawaly, RanjuHealth is one of the most important factors to improve the quality of life. If persons have healthy life, he can have wealth all the time, because healthypersons can enjoy in every aspects of this world. If people are not healthy,the development of citizens and nation is quite in possible. The manpower ofany country should be healthy for the development of the country. Thedevelopment of country cannot be imagined is also very obviously stated bythis well-known dictum 'Health is Wealth' This study specially focuses on Rajapur and Dhadawar VDCs in BardiyaDistrict. Bardiya District is administrative divided into 31 VDCs and 1municipality. Rajapur and Dhadawar VDCs are less developed villages ofTarai. There is lack of infrastructure, lack level of education, low incomethereforebackward disadvantage, illiterate and poor communities are inthis study area and Ex-Kamaiya is one of them. This study by nature largely based on primary information. The primaryinformation is collected from the Ex-Kamaiya people of Rajapur andDhadawar VDCs and the relative secondary data and information wereaccumulated from various published and unpublished sources. 50households of Rajapur and Dhadawar VDCs are sample size of this study.The structure questioner is used to connect the information from individualhouseholds to fulfill the objectives of the study. All collected data aretabulated and analyzed by using simple statistical method. This study revealed that the study of health and sanitation facility of Ex-Kamaiya this study has found about Ex-Kamaiyas community has no excesseducation. They are physically and economically very poor of the Ex-Kamaiyas. People are serving on labor and large number of Ex-Kamaiyas islandless. The health status of Ex-Kamaiyas people of the study area isabsolutely poor and their socio-economic status is also poor and miserable. Now Ex-Kamaiyas are becoming littleconscious about sanitation and theregood health. viii On the basis of finding some recommendation has been suggested for theimprovement Ex-Kamaiya has hold socio-economic aspect and to increasethe participation in different development activities.Item Women's Participation in Household decision Making (A Case Study of Women of Giddha Vdc in Dhanusha)(Department of Sociology, 2010) Yadav, Lalita Kumarinot available