Browsing by Subject "Human capital"
Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item An analysis on income of agriculure cooperatives of Lalitpur district(Department of Economics, 2023) Ghimire, DeepakNot availableItem Ethnobotanical Use of Wetland Resources and their Role in Local Livelihood (A Case Study from Beeshazar Lake of Chitwan District)(Faculty of Sociology, 2013) Bhattarai, PramodEthnobotany is the study of how people of a particular culture and region make use of indigenous plants. Field ethnobotany is the observation of the human-plant relationship in places where it is visible and may be either experienced and/or documented, in stories and images. Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems in the world. They arevery important in terms of their ecological, economic, cultural and recreational domains of livelihood. Wetlands also support people’s livelihood, or a means of earning for living. Often poor and some ethnic communities in rural areas, are directly dependent on wetlands for their socio-economic or cultural association. The study entitled “Ethnobotanical Use of Wetland Resources and their Role in Local Livelihood” was conducted in wetland sites Beeshazar Lake and its surrounding community; the study was focused to access the ethnobotanical use and community’s dependency on the wetland resources. The questionnaire survey was conducted on 30%of total households in surrounding community, which mainly comprised ethnic groups in the area who had close association with the use of wetland resources. 30 female and 35 male were interviewed followed by focus group discussions, key informant surveys and direct observations. In this study area, total 133 species of 52 families were identified; out of which habit/plant type of 58 species were trees, 19 species were shrubs, 36 species were herbs,3 species were grass and 17 species were climbers. Based on site condition, 10 species were dependent on wet regions of the wetland, 96 species on moist land and 27 on dry site condition. Among the communities, Tharu and indigenous group adjacent to the Beeshazar lake has close association with the use of the resources. Ten major types of species, having socio-cultural importance were Pipal, Bar, Bel, Sal, Aanp, Dhaturo,Aank, Tulsi, Dubo and Bayar. Among the highly collected edible resources; mushrooms(4 Species), Dryopteris cochleata (locally called as neuro), Spinach and Bamboo shoots make a good seasonal income to the local people.Local people make as much as NRs 20,000 per season by selling these mushrooms and fern. Amala, Harro and Barro,Asparagus and Sashra Buti were identified as a major contributor to household medicines. Local community forest user group is generating more than Rs.19,42,468/year by selling wetland resources and using this cash for local development,skill development of community people, women empowerment, community forest office management, wetland resource conservation and management.Item Perception of Retired Government of Ficial son Life Status, Future Planning and Statutory Retirement Provisions (A Sociological Study of Pokhara Metropolitan city)(Faculty of Sociology, 2020) Shah, ShraddhaEvery formal job has limited span of retirement. In the journey of recruitment to retirement, the government officials might have experienced the different aspects of their individual and social life. They can have several plans to be anticipated after their retirement. Likewise, they may perceive the statutory retirement provisions of the government in a different way. Considering all these things, this study envisaged to explore the different dimensions of life of the retired government officials of Nepal including their future planning and perceptions on the provisions for statutoryre tirement. Thus, this study aimed at exploring how the government officials of Nepal intend to live their retired life,who they look upon for the support they need during this period, what different plans they have for future and how do they perceive the retirement provisions. The study was designed as explorative research design. The stratified random sampling method was used to select the participants.The data for the study was elicited by using structured questionnaire and interview with 100 respondents who were retired within a year before this study. The participants were selected from Pokhara Metropolitan city. The findings of this study indicate that the life status of the retired officials is the satis factory one.They have some saved money that could support them in their difficulty and they get pension in a regular basis. Nearly, 65% of the respondents in total have a plan to be involved are qualified and trained for the national policy formulation yet size able numbers of them are not keen in preparing their personal retirement plans.The respondents are financially secured by their own pension and property and so do not expect major support from their family members. It has been found that most of the respondents want to do voluntary/social work after their retirement.They express fair level of satisfaction over the post- retirement monetary benefit i.e.pension, involvements after retirement,and they had less transition problems. In spite of having positive result in regards to their present state of life, their perceptions on existing policies of retirement show that they are not satisfied with many policy issues. They have suggested for revision in some clauses for the benefit of both State and retirees.The respondents have raised concern over current retirement age, health policy for the retirees and retirement preparation. Similarly, as per the perception of the retirees, policy lack is there in proper utilization of human capital and knowledge transfer of the competent and capable retirees.Item Returns to Education in Nepal(Kathmandu University, 2007-01) Gurung, DipendraA considerable amount of public funds have been invested in education, in the belief that the full human potential may be achieved by raising the standards of educational attainment. The main concern in this study is whether these resources invested in education have been efficiently allocated. The general approach in the economic of education is to treat educational expenditure as investment in human capital and calculate the yield to educational investment in the same manner as for physical capital. This approach is used in this study to examine the efficiency of resource allocation in education. The theoretical framework is provided by the human capital theory, the basic premise being that variations in income are due partly to difference in labor productivity as a consequence of differing amounts of human capital acquired by workers via education or other means. The profitability measure used in this study is the internal rate of return. The purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of education to individual earnings in the wage sector and household incomes from farm and non-farm activities in the non-wage sector. The two main sources of data in estimating the return to education in Nepal were Nepal Living Standard Surveys (NLSS I, 1995/96) and (NLSS II, 2003/04). Mincerian standard human capital earning functions and short –cut methods were applied to Nepal Living Standard Surveys (NLSS I, 1995/96) and (NLSS II, 2003/04) data collected by CBS and World Bank in an attempt to provide evidence on rates of returns to years of schooling and education level in Nepal. Earnings from individual wage sector, household farm holdings, and non-farm enterprises were analyzed to investigate the contribution of educational investment in Nepal. This study estimated private rates of return to years of schooling using Mincerian basic earning function method in the earning data obtained from wage sector, household farm holdings, and non-farm enterprises. Moreover, this study estimated private and social rates of return using mincerian extended earning method function in the earning data obtained from wage sector. Mincerian earning function method was extended to earnings from farm and non-farm enterprises. Short-cut method was used to estimate social rates of return to education level from wage earnings. The data were analyzed using STATA Version 8.2 computer software. Hypotheses testing were done in 95%, 99% and 99.99% confidence interval. Multicolinearity, heteroscedasticity, and normality test were carried out to diagnose the problem of estimation process. The estimated results revealed that each extra year of schooling is profitable at the national level. The return to females is higher than males. Urban areas, Hill, Terai belt, and private schools got favorable returns. Non agriculture wage earners revealed high returns as compared to agriculture wage earners. Upper income quintile and urban areas got more favorable return. Primary education has a very high social rate of return. Tertiary education has a very high private rate of return relative to its social rate of return, while secondary education has relatively low private and social returns – a finding suggests increased private spending at university level and shift of public funds to other levels. Average household education and highest schooling in the household have a significant and a positive contribution to net earnings from agriculture and non agriculture enterprises. The study identified the specific policy implications for educational policy development for Nepal were: (a) top priority should be given to primary education as a form of human resource investment; (b) secondary and higher education should be pursued alongside with primary education in a program of balanced human resource development; (c) there exists room for private finance at the university level; (d) shifting of funds towards primary and secondary levels to raise quality and rates of return is urgent; (e) public funds should target female population, bottom quintiles and rural regions; (f) government should provide better infrastructure and modern farming inputs to improve farmer-efficiency from additional education; (g) government provide tax-break and other incentives to open up small financial/personal services enterprises from private sector; (h) educational investments are fairly attractive to other investment at both private and social level. By this, it is a clear indication that access to education could help poor population groups to raise their earnings. (i) education planners in Nepal should treat education as an important investment activity, not as consumption expenditure; (j) economic criteria should serve as baseline in making investment decisions in education, and (k) from a strictly efficiency point of view, investment in education of backward religion group and women needs to be expanded.