Browsing by Subject "Intertextuality"
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Item Intertextuality between Mundhum and short stories from the Bible(Department of English, 2022) Maharjan, UkashThis research explores intertextuality between Mundhum and The Short Stories from the Bible and analyses the reasons for having similarity in terms of events, narration, myths, cultures etc. despite being far away from two different geographical locations. The paper tries to answer all the confusing questions that have arisen among the people of Kiratis about their own culture regardingauthenticity and originality of their holy scripture. While reading many similar events and narrations in both texts, there could arise one question in their cultural mind that: Are our cultures copied from Western culture of Christianity? Present paper tries to dismantle this basic question and confirm all Kiratis of our country that our Mundhum is the distinct, original, glorious, religious text that has been developedbytheKirati people through their long historical journey of their lifestyle in high Himalayas of Nepal. To consolidate my claim, I have borrowed insights from the theory of Intertextuality and Biblical Studies by Dr. Steve Moyise, Intertext and biblical Scholarship by Kristen Nielson, Julia Kristeva’s Intertextuality: Literary Theory and Criticism, Dialogism and carnival by Mikhill Bakhtin,idea of Teleopoesis by Jacques Derrida. Likewise, it also examines why and how the events and the narrations are perpendicular to each other in these two different texts despite being far away from two opposite locations. On the other hand, it also tries to explore the reasons and the causes of overlapping the events and myths of different tribal texts. So, aim of research here is to free every cultural mind from the confusion of overlapping scenarios from the different cultural and tribal texts and prove that their own cultural and religious creation is authentic and original.Item Parodic Intertextuality in Haruki Murakami's Kafka on the Shore(Department of English, 2022) Sapkota, DarshanaThe present thesis paper, entitled “Parodic intertextuality in Haruki Murakami's Kafka on the Shore”, analyzed the novel Kafka on the Shore in terms of parodic intertextuality. This study aimed at discovering why the novel gives its meaning only with relation to other works. Intertextuality, the idea that the meaning of a text is shaped by other texts, is one of the dominant ideas in contemporary literary studies. Parodic intertextuality regards a literary work as an open artifact holding hints of other texts, providing the reader with many fascinating ways to decipher and appreciate a work of art. Theoretically, this thesis borrowed some relevant insights from postmodern theorists like Linda Hutcheon, Jacques Derrida, and Jean Francis Lyotard to study the novel from disparate dimensions. To be precise, these theorists develop their thought on postmodern studies, which manipulates the postmodern studies as the matter of social discourse to the great extent for the acknowledged position. Here they suggest that postmodernism must be changed from a mere literary and cultural discussion into social, political, and economic practices. In the process of re-inscribing Western texts, the novel provides an alternative perspective on the issues that confront Japanese society and by extension of other Asian cultures as well. Therefore, taking all these issues in consideration, this paper has evaluated and analyzed the cultural and textual references that are prevalent in the text to exhibit the significance of intertextuality. From the analysis, it has been discovered that the novel marks its position as the self-reflexivity and paraodicintertextuality to show the current question of representation.Item Projection of Survival Instinct in Robert Zemeck is Directed Film,Cast Away(Department of English, 2017) Sinjali, IndraThe major thrust of this research is to examine how the protagonist inCast Awaystruggles to develop his innate instinct to survive in the midst of insurmountable challenges. With the theory of intertextuality, the present researcher finds this issue linked to the major issue of Robinson Crusoe who struggles to survive on an island.The detriment of this natural process is the resulting subjugation of particular experiences, objects and groups of people. Noland does his best to adapt to an uninhabited island. He creates a fictitious man named Wilson and talks to him so that he can come out of the entrapment of loneliness. Likewise, Crusoe also imposes the order of civilizing and surviving will on the island which is uninhabited. Both the characters boldly face the tragic lot of their shipwrecked lives. No matter how hazardous and terrible their shipwrecked lives, they exercise their latent sense of survival instinct and come triumphant over each and every hurdle. The miracle arises from the technique of visual effect and incredible cinematography. Under the guise of incredible heroism capable of any feat of miracle, the protagonists of both the films get clued to the notion of humanity.Item Reflection of the Spirit of the Age in Dan Brown's Da Vinci Code(Department of English, 2019) Gharti Magar, LokendraThis paper explores the spirit of the age in Dan Brown’s The Da Vinci Code. Contemporary age is the age of privileging petty narratives, celebrating relativity of truth claims, promoting marginalized interests, questioning the historical fact, favoring plurality of truths, acknowledging story as history, accepting multiculturalism and adopting techniques of re-visiting and intertextuality in writing. Therefore, this thesis argues that Brown’s relativizing the truth claims of Christianity is actually an epitome of the spirit of our age. Since the novel demystifies Jesus Christ’s divinity, interrogates on formation of the Bible, displays distrust towards the Church, privileges non-linear order in history, destabilizes the historical facts, and adopts re-visiting the past and intertextuality. Jean Francois Lyotard’s mistrust of metanarratives; Linda Hutcheon’s critical concepts on history, theory and fiction; Stephen Greenblatt and Catherine Gallagher’s view on the relation between history and literature; Adrienne Rich’s notion of re-visiting; Foucauldian notion of effects of truth and Julia Kristeva’s notion of intertextuality form the theoretical base for the researcher’s observations. The researcher ultimately concludes that Brown’s divesting Christ’s divinity is the result of contemporary spirit of our age. Thus, The Da Vinci Code is the quintessential literary piece of writing based on contemporary spirit of the postmodern age.Item Reinforcement of woolf’s canon in Michel Cunningham’s The Hours: An Intertextual Reading(Department of English, 2009) Paudel, RitaThis research focuses on Michal Cunningham’s The Hours, where the author employs excessive intertextual apparatuses deriving from Virginia Woolf's life and her novel Mrs. Dalloway to relocate Woolf’s canonical place. The aim of this paper is to examine the various “transtextual” techniques adopted by Cunningham by drawing from Genette’s theories of intertextuality. There is explicit intertextual reference to Virginia Woolf’s work in Cunningham’s novel; even the reader unfamiliar to Woolf’s writing clearly notice it. Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway seems to be the original text in which Cunningham improvises. Drawing from theories of intertextuality developed by Gerard Genette, the paper outlines various levels of intertextual experiments. The post-modern practice of pastiche, palimpsest, ekphrasis, parody, allusion and quotation are the key areas of investigation in this research with special focus on various levels of transtextual practices. By illustrating the problematic experiment with intertextual techniques, this paper argues that Cunningham reinforces Woolf’s canonical status as well as her dominant themes. Key Words: Intertextuality, Transtextuality, Paratextuality, Metatextuality, Archtextuality, Hypertextuality, Pastiche, Palimpsest, Ekphrasis, Parody, Allusion, Quotation.Item Self-reflexivity in Salman Rushdie’sShame(Department of English, 2021) Pokhrel, PawanThis research paper explores Salman Rushdie’s novelShameby focusing on the self-reflexive nature of narration. It attempts to highlight that this approach ofthe authorto self-reference his own processdraws attention tothe constructed nature of thenoveland it also challengesthevariousoppressive ideologiesby drawing attention to their construction.There is a regular intrusion ofnarrator as the authorof thenovel where he discusses in length about his inspiration, ideas and approach to write this novel.Here the author reflects upon the various issues like historical narrative, religion, relationship of shame and violence, oppression of women.Instead of justdramatizing the issues and themes, the author examines their construction and function. By drawing attention to their conventionality, he problematizes their use as a tool of oppression.Thereareseveral references to the events and characters of Pakistan’s history as well as other literary works.This paper primarily uses Linda Hutcheon’s concept of Historiographic Metafictionand Patricia Waugh’s ideas of metafictionto explore how the Rushdie’s self-aware and self-referential technique of storytelling focuses on the intertextual and parodic nature of this novel.The self- reflexive act of the narrator illuminates the various themes and issues discussed by the novel.Thenarrator lays bare the traditional methods of characterization and narrationandhighlights the constructed nature and artificiality of the textas well as reality.It also foregrounds the relationship between fiction and the world outside the fiction.Item A Study of Narrative in Ben Okri’sThe Famished Road(Faculty of English, 2010) Shrestha, DolrajNot Available