Browsing by Subject "Japanese encephalitis"
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Item Epidemio-Entomological Study of Japanese Encephalitis in Bhelukhel, Bode and Tathali of Bhaktapur District(Department of Zoology, 2014) Shrestha, MonicaThe present study, aimed to identify KAP of community members in relation to JE and its vector abundance in Tathali, Bode and Bhelukhel of Bhaktapur district was conducted during July 2012 to December 2012. KAP study was conducted through structured questionnaire among the 300 respondents of the study area in order to determine the current state of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of the people regarding JE prevention and an entomological study was carried out to study species composition, vector abundance and seasonal prevalence of mosquitoes by means of dark activated recharge able CDC light trap.The mean age of the participants was 31, 32 and 31 years with a standard deviation of 1.43,1.15 and 1.30 in Tathali, Bode and Bhelukhel respectively.Radio and Television was the most common source of information within the community. All the respondents who participated in this study had low level of knowledge. The level of knowledge on JE transmission among the respondents of Tathali, Bode and Bhelukhel were 89%, 58% and 82% with mean 1.4, 8.1 and 4.23 and S.D.0.54, 0.73 and 0.30 respectively and 52%, 67%and 64% respondents of respective sites had fair level of practice towards JE prevention with mean4.35, 4.67 and 4.23 and S.D.0.67, 0.57 and 0.56. Significant associations were not found in the relationship of JE prevention practices with age, gender, education and level of knowledge and attitude(p>0.005). In an entomological survey,total eleven species of Culexmosquitoes were recorded namely Cx. tritaenio rhynchus, Cx. fuscocephala,Cx. gelidus, Cx. vishnui, Cx. pseudovishnui, , Cx. bitaenio rhynchus Cx. quinque fasciatus, Cx. edwardsi, Cx. hutchnsoni, Cx. whitei and Cx.whit morei. Distribution of Culexspecies was abundant in July and August. Cx. quinque fasciatus was recorded to be the most dominant species in all the three sites. The principal JE vector Cx. tritaenio rhynchus was collected in higher number during August from Tathali and Bode site and during July from Bhelukhel site. Thus can be assumed the higher possibility of JE transmission in July and August.No significant variation was observed in vector abundance in three study sites in six different months. The results of this study showed the importance of public awareness programs in order to increase the knowledge level towards JE.Item Sero-Epidemiology of Japanese Encephalitis in Nepal(Department of Microbiology, 2006) Dumre, Shyam PrakashJapanese encephalitis (JE) is one of the major public health problems in Nepal becauseof its increasing disease morbidity and mortality.In 2005, a total of 2952 cases of acuteencephalitic syndrome (AES) were reported with a peak(76.4%) during 31-38epidemiological weeks in the range of 92 to 498 cases per week. Among 58 AES casesreporting districts, the highest no. were reported from Kailali (435, 14.7 %) followed byDang, Bardiya, Kathmandu, Banke, Kachanpur, Kapilvastu, Nawalparasi and Sunsari.These 8 districts reported more than 50 % cases. The highest no. of AES cases (839,28.4 %) were recorded from MWDR.Only 2239 specimens (serum/CSF) could be collected and tested by MAC ELISAtechnique, of which 723 (32.3%) were found positive for anti-JEV IgM. Also, 235clinically defined AES cases showed anti-JEV IgM in the range of 20 to <40 unitswhich may be doubtfull/equivocal.Among positive cases, 420 (58.1 % of total JE positives) were male and 303 (41.9 %)were female. The ratio of JE cases in male to female was observed as 1.4:1. Themajoritypositive cases (58.9 %) were from the age group below 15 yearsthan fromabove 15 years. Age group 5-15 years showed both the highest no. of positive cases(41.2 %) and sero-positivity (36 %).JE cases started increasing from May and reached a peak during September (436, 60.3%) and dropped then after. Sero-positivity rate was also highest in themonth ofSeptember (42.1 %).Among 41 districts, the highest no. of positive cases were detected in Bardiya (15.4 %)followed by Kailali (14.7 %), Banke (13.3 %) and Dang (12.3 %). These 4 districtsaccounted for 55.7 % of the total positives. The highest no. of positive cases (314, 43.4%) were detected from MWDR followed by FWDR (130, 18 %). Geographically, terai region (20 districts) reported 75.6 % (2232) of total AES cases and 85.1 % (615) oftotal JE positives.In 2005, 322 deaths due to AES were recorded with the CFR and CI of 10.9 % and 12.9per10 5 population respectively. Among positive cases, 43 died and CFR of 5.9 % andCI (3.2/10 5 ) were reported. The highest CFR (8.9 %) and CI (5.1) for JE positive caseswere found in the age groups above 15years and 5-15 years respectively. CI washighest in Bardiya (65.1) district followed by Kailali (63.5), Dang (60.1), Banke (51.6)and Kanchanpur (35.7). CFR was highest in WDR (15.2 %) followed by FWDR (14.5%) and CI was highest in FWDR (39.1) followed by MWDR (31.5). The actual JEburden can be estimated by strengthening and expanding the diagnostic facilities in thecountry. Continuation of active surveillance, vector control measures and expandedprogramme of immunization (EPI) in JE endemic areas should be strongly emphasizedto reduce the endemicity of disease.Item Sero-Epidemiology of Japanese Encephalitis in some Selected Hospitals of Nepal(Department of Microbiology, 2009) Pant, Krishna PrasadAvailable with Fulltext