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Item Challenges Faced by Bantawa Learners Learning English as a Foreign Language(Department of English Education, 2010) Rai, Budda KumarThis research study entitled, Challenges Faced By Bantawa Learners Learning English As A Foreign Language has been prepared to find out the challenges of the Bantawa students in learning EFL and their causes in class 10 of Bhojpur District. As secondary sources of data some books and journals were consulted. Specially, Mitchell and Myles (2004), Asher (1994) and Indian Journal of Applied Linguistics (2002, vol-14,vol-22,vol-28) were consulted. The Bantawa students and secondary English teachers were the primary sources of data. The researcher used judgmental sampling procedure to sample the population. The questionnaire, observation form and unstructured oral interview were used as research tools for data collection.questionnaire was prepared for two groups of informants, that is students and teachers The study has found that the Bantawa learners of ELT are facing several challenges related to; physical facilities, improper class management, teaching materials, text book, interest of the Bantawa learners, comprehension of Bantawa learners, mother tongue, teaching techniques and methods, home- work and evaluation system. Moreover, the study has discovered that above mentioned challenges are created due to; poor economic condition of school, lack of enough exposure in English, lack of interest of the Bantawa students to learn English, governments policy, willingness of DEO/School and the society, etc. This thesis comprises four chapters. The first one deals with the introduction of the topic in which general background, and several sub-topics have been included, such as languages in Nepal: a brief overview, English and its position in Nepal, Present status of English in institutional area, a glimpse of Bantawa language, multilingualism and Bantawa learners, second language or foreign language. It also includes review of the related literature, objectives and significance of the study.Chapter two covers all the areas of methodology, dealing with the sources of data, sample population, sampling procedure, tools of data collection, process of data collection and limitations of the study.Chapter three deals with the analysis and interpretation of the collected data using different sorts charts, diagrams and figures. Likewise,chapter four aims to present the findings and recommendations of the study for the purpose of improving the concerned domains. Suggestions have been included in this part.Item Content Validity of Applied Linguistics Question Papers(Department of English Education, 2015) Chapagain, PadamThis research work entitled "Content Validity of Applied Linguistics ExamPapers atM.Ed. Level." is an attempt to find out the content validity ofApplied linguistics papers.The questions for this research were selected by using non-random purposive sampling procedure. For this research study, the secondary data were collected from the questions of Applied Linguistics in the years2067, 2068 and 2069B.S. For the purpose of data collection I visited the central library of T.U. and got the questions. The collected data from the questions were analyzed and interpreted descriptively with the help of checklist. The major findings of the study are that all the exam papers do not posses enough content validity. I found the highest content coverage in thesubjective question papers of 2069 B.S. and lowest content coverage in the subjective question papers of 2067 B.S. This thesis is divided into five different chapters. The first chapter deals with general background of the study, rationale of the study, objectives of the study,research questions, significance of the study, delimitation of the study and operational definition of the key terms. Similarly, the second chapter consistsof the review of the theoretical literature, implications of the review of the study, and theoretical framework. The third chapter deals with the methodological aspect under which design of the study, sources of data,population and sample, sapling procedure, data collection tools, data collection procedures, and the data analysis and interpretation procedure. The fourthchapter focuses on the results and discussions. And the fifth chapter of thestudy consists of summary, conclusion and implications of the study in policy making level, practice level and with some directions for the further research.Item Forms of Ordering and Suggesting in English and Bajhangi(Department of Education English, 2011) Jagri, Jhalak BahadurThis research entitled ‘Forms of Ordering and Suggesting in English and Bajhangi’ has tried to find out the forms of ordering and suggesting used in the Bajhangi dialect and to compare and contrast them with those of the English language. It compared and contrasted the forms on the basis of the relationship in family, in office, with neighbors, guests, friends, strangers. The data were collected from the 50 native speakers of Bajhangi dialect. The informants were selected using judgemental non-random sampling and snow ball sampling procedure from Byanshy and Kadel VDCs in Bajhang district. The researcher selected the ones who would help me to select others to information. The data were collected with the help of interviews and questionnaires. The sources of data for English were based on different books, theses, dictionaries, and articles. The researcher found that both English and Bajhangi speakers used the formal and polite forms with strangers and guests. They used informal forms with junior family members, students, staff and intimate friends while ordering and suggesting. Bajhangi speakers ordered the neighbours and friends but English speakers requested them. Likewise, forms of ordering and suggesting were reflected in affixation in Bajhangi whereas they were reflected in lexical items in English. This thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter deals with general background, review of the related literature, objectives and significance of the study. The second chapter contains the methodology in which tools for data collection, process of data collection and limitations of the study are included. Similarly, the third chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of the data. The fourth chapter comprises the findings and recommendations of the study. Finally, the references and appendices are included.Item Language Used in Engineering Journals(Faculty of Education, 2009) Paudel, GitaThis present study ‘Language used in Engineering Journals’,adescriptivestudy,hasmade an attempt to find out the kind of language used inEngineering Journals in terms of sentence types, tenses, voices, aspects andspecial vocabularies. This study was mainly based on the secondary sources ofdata.Thedata for the study were collectedjudgmentally from four journals viz.VAASTU-Vol. 6, VAASTU-Vol. 7, Architectural Design and ArchitecturalRecord. The total sample of the study consisted of thirty-two articles. Therequired data were collected by using observation as a main tool. This studyhas revealed that complex sentence; non-past tense,active voice and simpleaspect were highly used in engineering journals. So far as, special vocabulariesare concerned, one hundred and thirty three special vocabularies were found tohave been used.Nouns among majorwords were foundto have been used morefrequently than others. Only four specific adjectives were found. But specificadverbs werenotfound. This thesis is divided into four main chapters and other sub-chapters. The firstchapter dealswith general background of the study, importance of the Englishlanguage, linguistics, sociolinguistics, varieties of linguistic codes, registers,language of engineering, architecture, review of the relatedliterature,objectives, significance of the study and definitions of specific terms of thestudy. Similarly, the second chapter deals with the methodology of the study,sources of data, sampling procedure, tools for data collection, process of datacollection and limitations of the study. Likewise, thethird chapter presentsanalysis and interpretation of the data collected for the study using simplestatistical tools like percentage and frequency. In the same way, the fourthchapter presents the findings and some recommendations of the data. At theend, references and appendices along with some sample texts of engineeringjournals are presented.Item Multiple Translation of Nepali National Anthem from Linguisticand Cultural Perspectives(Department of English Education, 2011) Baniya, Bharat KumarThe studyentitled "Multiple Translation of Nepali National Anthem fromLinguistic and cultural Perspective" is an attempt of the researcher for findingout the techniques of translation and their frequencies that are used intranslating the linguistic and cultural words of the lyrics into English, as well asthe comparison of each translated versions. For the fulfillment of theobjectives, three English translated versions (two professional translators'versions and theone translated by thepost office, government of Nepal) wereincluded along with the original version of the lyrics. Altogethersixty eightwords were identified and categorized under the linguistic and culturalcategories and their corresponding words of three Englishtranslated versions ofthe same lyrics were included for the study. These linguistic words werecategorized as noun, verb, Adjective Pronoun and Conjunction, and the culturalwords were categorized as ecology, material, social, religious culture andconceptual terms in terms of their affiliation to the certain categories.Anecdotal evaluation and statistical descriptionapproaches were used toanalyzethe data. The findings of the study showed that altogether ten differenttechniques: literal translation,transference, functional equivalence, deletion,addition, elaboration, definition, CTO and substitution were adopted intranslating these words. Among them, literal translation was the mostfrequently usedtechnique, which has covered 64.29 per cent and 53.85 per centof the totallinguistic and cultural words respectively. Definition and CTQ werethe least frequently used techniques in translating the cultural words which hascovered 1.28 per cent of the total cultural words. The studyhas been divided into four chapters. Chapter one introduces the studyin terms of general background, review of the related literature, objectives andsignificance of the study. Chapter two deals with the methodology which issub-categorized as the sources of data, samplingprocedure, tools, process ofdata collection and the limitation of the study. Chapter three presents thestatistical analysis and interpretation of the data. Chapter four discuses thefindings of the study,on the basis ofthefindings, some recommendations andpedagogical implicationshavebeensuggested. The references and appendicesare the concluding parts of the study.Item Pluralization in Bhojpuri and English(Faculty of Education Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal, 2016) Yadav, Gajendra PrasadThe thesis entitled 'Plualization in Bhojpuri and English' aimed to identify the pluralization system in Bhojpuri and to compare and contrast it with that of English. From the Primary and secondary sources the data were collected. Eighty native speakers of the Bhojpuri language were the primary sources from Birgunj sub-metropolitan city of Parsa district and different books, journals and theses were the secondary sources. The respondents were selected through stratified random sampling procedure. Interview schedule and questionnaire were the major tools for the collection of data. Being based on the findings, singular nouns in Bhojpuri are pluralized by adding the suffixes like an/-sa, -log -sabhan, -sab to them. Likewise, plural marker suffixes ani/ni/ka are added to first person, singular, personal pronouns to make them plural.Similarly, both languages use suffixes as plural marker e.g. bailan/-sa ( oxen ), seran/-sa ( lions ). Likewise, plural suffixes are written separately in Bhojpuri but these are written together in English e.g. sikshak-log/-sabhan ( teachers ), kitab-sa ( books ). This thesis consists of five chapters. The first chapter deals with the introduction of the topic in which background/context of the study, statement of the problems, objectives of the study, research questions, signification of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definitions of the key terms are included. The second chapter incorporates the review of the related empirical literature, implications of the review for the study and the third chapter strategy, study area/field, data collection tools, data collection procedures and data and interpretation procedures. Similarly, in the fourth chapter analysis and interpretation of the data and summary of findings have been presented. The fifth chapter consists of conclusions and recommendations of the study followed byr eferences and appendices.Item A Semantic Analysis on English and Khawas Action Verbs(Faculty of Education Tribhuvan University Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal, 2016) Khawas, KulbirThe present study entitled "A Semantic Analysis on English and Khawas Action Verbs" has been carried out in order to find out the similarities and differences between English and Khawas action verbs. The study also suggests some pedagogical implications which will be useful while teaching the action verbs of English to the Khawas speaking students and vice-versa. The researcher used both primary and secondary data to complete the study. The native speakers of Khawas language in Koshiharaincha municipality and Dangihat, Dangraha and Tankisinuwari VDCs of Morang district were theprimarysources of data and different books, journals, magazines were the secondary sources of data. The researcher used the judgmental sampling procedure to sample the population. The sample population was 50 native speakers of Khawas language. A set of questionnaire was given to the sample population to write the equivalent Khawas action verbs the English action verbs. After collecting the responses the verbs were tabulated and compared. Again, the detailed analysis of the native speakers'response was made and findings and conclusion were accordingly presented. The analysis and interpretation of the data has been done descriptively. The major finding of this study is the Khawas action verb khyā(eat) has a very extensive range of meaning in English which is used to refer to taking all solid, liquid and sometimes even gas forms of the food, drinks , air or smoke. This report consists of five chapters .Chapter one deals with the background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definition of the key terms. Chapter two consists of review of theoretical literature, review of empirical literature, implications of the review for the study and conceptual frame work. Chapter three consists of the design and method of the study, population, sample and sampling strategy, data collection tools and techniques and data collection procedures. Chapter four deals with the analysis of data, interpretation of the results and summary of findings. Chapter five is about the conclusions and recommendations made on the basis of the findings of the study. Besides main chapter, the supportive materials such as references, questionnaire, tables, charts, etc. that are used during the research are presented in the appendices of the thesis.Item Students' Perceptions on the Course Foundations of Language and Linguistics(Department of English Education, 2012) Adhikari, Mukti PrasadThe present research study entitled“Students’ Perceptions on the Course Foundation of Language and Linguistics”aims to explore the views of students about the course: ‘Foundations of Language and Linguistics’ prescribed for the first year Bachelor of Education. I have analyzed the course on the basis of strengths and weaknesses as pointed by the students. To meet the objectives of this research,I selected forty students from five different colleges of Syangja district,who have studied this course. I used purposive non-random sampling procedure to select the sample population. The responses they provided were used as the primary sources of data. The finding of the research is that most of the students have the positive perception on the course ‘Foundations of Language and Linguistics’. They argue that the contents which are in the course are really helpful and beneficial for the students of language. This thesis has been organized into four chapters. The first chapter deals with the introduction, review of the related literature, objectives,and significance of the study. The second chapter includes methodology adopted to bring out this research work. While carrying out this work, the data was collected from both sources viz.primary and secondary where students remained as the primary source.The third chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of the course: Foundations of Language and linguistics. In this chapter, primarily students’ perceptions were presented. The fourth chapter includes findings and recommendations made upon the analysis and interpretations of the data.Item Syntactic Analysis of Political Speeches(Faculty of Education, 2010) Baral, DhrubaThe present study ‘Syntactic Analysis of Political Speeches’ was carried out to find out the major syntactic features of the native English and the native Nepali political leaders’ extempore speeches. It is a qualitative research as it explains the problem to be analyzed. Prerecorded audio clips of Nepali and English political speech were the main tools of analysis. The data comprised of thirty judgmentally selected audio clips of political speech (fifteen Nepali and fifteen English). Analysis of the data revealed that the Nepali political speeches included a maximum number of complex sentences whereas the English political speeches included more compound sentences than any other types. Similarly, the Nepali political speeches consisted of a number of informal expressions whereas the English speeches were far less informal in degree. The Nepali speeches were found informal in that they contained grammatically ill-formed sentences, clichés, pauses, dialectal vocabulary, switched codes and frequent use of deictic expressions. The other feature of study was grammaticality of sentences. The study revealed that the Nepali political speeches consisted of significantly large number of grammatically awkward sentences. This thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter presents a detailed theoretical background, introduction of the area of study, review of the related literature, objectives of the study and the significance of the study. The second chapter includes the sources of data, population of the study, sample population, sampling procedure, research tools, process of data collection, and the limitations of the study. Similarly, the third chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of the data using qualitative method under three headings. Summary of the findings of the research and recommendations including the pedagogical implications are presented in the fourth chapter. The reference section consists of the list of books, journals, former researches and the websites cited. The enveloped CD appended at the backside cover page consists of the audio text of the speeches and the full text of the present research work.Item Use of Translation in Teaching English(Faculty of Education, 2011) Thapa, Manju KumariThis research entitled “Use of Translation in Teaching English” is an attempt to find out the need and importance of judicious use of translation in teaching reading comprehension at primary level as well as to suggest some pedagogical implications. For this, I purposively selected a government aided school from Hemja VDC. For the collection of data, I used both types of data, i.e primary and secondary. Forty students of class V of Kalika Primary School, Hemja were selected from simple random sampling procedure. The students were divided into two groups: experimental and controlled. The main tools for data collection were test items. A pre- test was administered before students were taught 15 days. The experimental group was taught using judicious use of translation and the controlled group was taught without translation. After experimental teaching, the post-test was administered by using the same set of test items that were used in the pre-test. After analysis and interpretation of the data, the experimental group which was taught by judicious use of translation excelled the controlled group by 41.6% in holistic comparison. Thus, I can say that the judicious use of translation made the teaching English more effective. This thesis contains a four distinct parts in accordance with the thesis requirement. Chapter one consists of brief introduction to the study. The work is related to the translation activities. So, the introduction is about the definition, brief history, language teaching methods, pedagogy of translation and types and theories of translation. Under the translation, we have to consider other things like, first language and foreign language so the first chapter includes the brief introduction to them too. It includes objectives of the study. The objectives are: to find out the importance and necessity of translation in teaching English and to set conditions in which teachers likely use translation. Review of the related literature is an important part of chapter one. Significance of the study and definition of the key terms are also covered under this chapter. Chapter two deals with the methodology and procedure adopted during the research work. Two kinds of data were used for this study i.e. primary and secondary sources of data. The population of this study are 40 students of Kalika Primary School where the school was selected by using judgemental sampling procedure. Then, the students were selected using simple random sampling method. The main tools for the data collection were test papers. Chapter three deals with the analysis and interpretation of data. The data have been analyzed and interpreted on the basis of the difference between the pre-test and the post-test. Chapter four deals with the findings and recommendations of the study. The appendices and bibliography are included in the final part of this research work.