Browsing by Subject "Livestock depredation"
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Item Human-Tiger Conflict in and around the Chitwan National Park,Nepal(Department of Zoology, 2022) Thapa, SaradaHuman-tiger conflict is one of the most important concerns in tiger conservation, necessitating a focus on effective mitigation measures. Conflict occurs where Tigers and human utilize the same habitats and resources which posses a great challenge to the wildlife managers and conservationists and local residents alike. The study was conducted in and around the Chitwan National Park to investigate the nature, causes, and effectiveness of conflict mitigation measures. Data were collected by means of compilation of park data, household interviews (n=140), questionnaires, interview, field observation. The nature and extent of human-tiger conflict in the study area had a significant impact on humans and livestock. Of 140 households surveyed, 56% reported 93 livestock losses in between 20132018. The study revealed that average livestock depredation was 15.50 (n=87) animals per year and among them goats were highly depredated (42%) animals. Livestock depredation was affected by seasonal variation. More the half (51%) of the depredation was found in summer season where the highest loss was reported in the month of July. A total of 13 people were killed and five got injured by Tiger attacked during six-year of time period. Out of which about 78% of casualties occurred outside the park area. Twenty-three Tigers died within the short period of time from 2013-2018, whereas two got killed as revenge of killing by local and most of species’ death were unknown because of poor management of government and related authorities. Although, the eastern sector Bachchhauli lost fewer livestock as compared to the Southern sector of Ayodhyapuri where most of the local people used park area for grazing the livestock. Within six years, the estimated economic loss for human casualties was US$ 64852.48 and US$ 11349.19 for livestock loss. This study also addressed local people's perceptions of the conservation of protected areas and wildlife, allowing them to describe the values they hold for the areas. Higher local values and tolerance were significantly influenced by education, and male younger with access to information and awareness were mostly supportive of Tiger conservation. Furthermore, living close to the forest and utilizing a high level of resources resulted in a lower level of tolerance for Tigers. Conservation education as well as adequate compensation programs for losses, local participatory approaches and regular monitoring and proper park management coordinating with stakeholders, are recommended as conservation techniques that may help to minimize conflicts and increase positivity for the long-term conservation of Tiger. xiiiItem Human-Wildlife Conflict in Shukla Phanta National Park (A Case Study of Piperiya, Bankatti and Nimbhukheda Wards of Bheemdatta Municipality, Kanchanpur District, Nepal)(Department of Zoology, 2018) Pant, Krishna NandThe success of conserving biological resources in protected areas depends on the extent of support, positive attitudes and perceptions of local people towards their establishments. Crop yield losses and livestock depredation were the major problems observed in most wards of Shukla Phanta Wildlife Reserve. The study aimed at exploring the humanwildlife conflict in terms of crop damage, livestock depredation, human causalities, it assessed the wildlife conservation perception and tolerance level of the local people to losses caused by the wild animals and management of human-wildlife conflict. The present study was conducted in Piperiya, Bhankatti and Nimbhukheda wards of bufferzone around the SNP. . The survey was done in 160 households by questionnaire method from Jan. 2016 to Jan. 2017. The total value of crop yield losses due to wildlife damage for Wards located in the study area is about NRs. 17,55,365(16104.24US$) during one year period. Comparatively, Piperiya (ward no.13) were most destructed than Bankatti and Nimbhukheda. The paddy and wheat crops were suffered maximum damage contributed tothe total loss. Major wildlife agents responsible for crop damage were wild boar Elephant, spotted deer as followed by Jackal and hares. The average livestock holding 95.6% of per household. The total value of livestock losses at prevailing market rates is about NRs.8,3000 (7614.67US$) in the study area annually. Five people were injured in wild animals attacked among them one person was killed by wild boar and four person were wounded by Elephant during this year. The perceptionrelative to wildlife conservation was negative and people could tolerate the loss of livestock to some extent but not human loss or causalities. The main animals for livestock were leopard, Jackal, and for human causalities animal responsible were wild boar and Elephant.Park animals visit crop land due to inadequate amount of food in the protected area, tastes of agricultural crops, lack of good and effective barriers. Park is affected by allowing the feral cattle and domesticated buffalo inside the reserve, herb and grass collection and fishing. Threating,electric fencing, making thorny dog watchingand keeping cow headsare preventing methods used by local people and those are partially effective. Construction oftrenches,maintenance of barbed wire fence,promotion of agro-forestry,fair and quick disbursement of compensation for losses and community Forestry programme, habitat conservation and change in crop plantation was recommended only an alternative that would mitigate this conflict.Item Livestock Depreciation and Crop Raiding by Wildlife in the Buffer Zone of Bardia Nationa Park, Nepal(Department of Zoology, 2021) Sijapati, Raj kumarBiodiversity is globally declining due to anthropogenic activities. Human-wildlife conflict is one of the major drivers for declining the species. Human-wildlife conflict is common everywhere due to resource use competition between humans and wildlife on limited resources. However, limited information on the livestock depredation and crop-raiding was found from rural areas near Bardia National Park (BNP), Nepal. This study investigated the issues of livestock depredation and crop-raiding using questionnaires survey to the local people. A total of 300 households were asked for a questionnaire survey. The majority of the respondents (64%) were male, and almost all households (95%) relied on agriculture for their livelihood. Overall, 1476 hoofed livestock were reportedly depredated by Leopards and 209 by Tigers during 2015-2019. Leopards killed hoofed livestock each season was at least 86%, and more than killed by Tigers. Most depredations occurred in winter, followed by summer, spring, and fall. In addition, people in the studied area also suffer from herbivores, including Wild Boar, Indian Crested Porcupine, Rhesus Monkey, and Rabbit, through crop raiding. The Wild Boar, Rhesus Monkey, Indian Crested Porcupine, and Rabbit mainly damaged paddy (198.97 kg), maize (132.68 kg and wheat (92.68 kg) per household, respectively. Because of severe effects created by livestock depredations and raiding near to BNP, this study recommends using more efficacious deterrent techniques, where feasible, in addition to improved livestock husbandry practices such as night penning.Item Spatio-temporal changes of wildlife attack and effectiveness of mitigation measures in Shuklaphanta National Park, Nepal(Department of Zoology, 2022) Pant, BinduUse of common resources for food and shelter increases human and wildlife interaction, and is more frequent near to protected area (PA). These interactions mostly become detrimental to human and on their properties. Increasing wildlife population in PAs aids more interaction and cause major loss including human casualty, livestock depredation, crop raiding and property loss. This study investigated the issues caused by wildlife in and around Shuklaphanta National Park by using a questionnaire survey to the people affected by wildlife between 2016 and 2022. In this survey, among 300 respondents’ almost equal number of male and female respondents were participated for the survey. Nineteen people were attacked by the wildlife and mostly by Wild Boar (Sus scrofa). Ninety-two livestock were killed by Leopard (Panthera pardus), and among them majority of livestock were killed near the park boundary. In addition, crops were maximum raided by Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) and was followed by Wild Boar. Among the crops, the paddy was the highly raided crops in terms of monetary loss and followed by sugarcane, wheat, mustard, maize, and potato. The Asian Elephant was the only one reason for all forms of property loss, and property damage like house, shed and oil seed. Majority of these attacks were found in Bhimdatta Municipality Ward No. 15, and seems the most hotspot for conflict. More than two thirds of respondents appreciated the implemented mitigation measure as an effective measurement tools except 18.43% respondents. Even after addressing the mitigation measures, animal damage is occurring in Shuklaphanta National Park. Therefore, this study recommends use of more efficacious deterrent technique such as electric fencing, in addition government and NGOs should collaborate with locals to test and share ideas on innovative methods to deter wildlife using unpalatable crops.