Browsing by Subject "Maoist insurgency"
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Item The Causes and Impacts of Madheshi People’s Movement of 2007 and 2008(Department of Sociology, 2010) Mathema, KalyanThis dissertation is a study of two ethnic uprisings that swept through the Tarai region of Nepal in 2007 and 2008. It aims to understand what caused these two uprisings, the impacts they had on Nepalese politics and the future of the achievements made by them. Research methodologies used for this research were semi-structured interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), questionnaire survey and study of secondary data available from various sources. The Madheshi People’s Movement of 2007 was so powerful that it forced the Government to change the interim constitution and declare Nepal as a federal state. Following this uprising the number of Madheshi armed groups increased and engrained communal riots in the Tarai . In February 13, 2008 UDMF (United Democratic Madheshi Front) the alliance of three Madheshi political parties, Madheshi Jana Adhikar Forum, Tarai Madhesh Loktantrik Party and Nepal Sadbhavana Party launched the second Madheshi People’s Movement to pressurize the Government to implement the 22-point-agreement the government had signed with MJF in August 30, 2007. The movement lasted for two weeks and during this period six protesters and one police officer died during the clashes between agitators and security forces. The agitation was called off by the UDMF in February 28 after the Government signed the eight-point-agreement with them. The main points in the eight-point-agreement were to make Nepal a federal state, to declare those who died in 2007 and 2008 uprisings as martyrs and to make state more inclusive by making more reservations for Madheshis and other marginalized communities of Nepal. The research diagnosed three main elements that contributed to the launching of the 2007 and 2008 Movements in the Tarai. The first element was the discrimination that Madheshis felt against them at the hand of not only the state but also different mainstream political parties. The second element was the radicalization of the regional and ethnic issues including that of the Madheshis brought about by ten years (1996 -2006) of Maoists rebellion. The third element was the People’s Movement of 2006 that demonstrated that popular movement could force even powerful state to stoop to the wishes of the people. Madheshi People’s Movements made important impact on Nepal’s politics. Apart from the declaration of Nepal as a federal state, the credit for the outstanding performance of Madheshi political parties in 2008 election goes to the Madheshi movement. The fact that the first President and the first Vice President of Nepal were from the Madheshi community could also be seen as an outcome of this Movements. The agreements signed between the Government of Nepal and MJF in 2007 and between Government of Nepal and UDMF in 2008 the Government of Nepal making special reservations for Madheshis in different government jobs was another achievement of these movements. Madheshi People’s Movements were able to radicalize Madheshis, this radicalization in turn caused the fracture of Madheshi identity. Many marginalized communities within Madheshi community were so radicalized by the Movements that they started fighting for their own independent identity. Tharus, the Tarai Muslims and the Tarai Dalits who once had participated in the Madheshi People’s movements are now claiming that they are not Madheshis. Such revolt of different communities has weakened the leaders of these two uprisings. If such ethnic identity based divisions continue within Madheshi organizations, Madheshi forces will be weakened and the achievements made by two Madheshi People’s Movements will be challenged and jeopardized. The Madheshi parties need to present themselves as the party of all marginalized communities of Nepal, not just of Madheshi people, if they wish to retain the positive changes that they have already brought about. If this does not happen, the identity politics which Madheshi political parties had started will leave them in tatters as other identities within the Madheshi identity, which were radicalized by the movements, will revolt for their individual identityItem Impact of Maoist Insurgency in Achham: A Case Study of Kuika VDC(Department of Rural Development, 2006) Saud, SurajNepal once a peaceful country is now in a critical Juncture due to various internal conflicts. One of which has been the Maoist insurgency that started its movement in the name of "People's War"; since 13th Feb.1996. Since the Maoist rebels launched the armed struggle against the state, 13092 individuals have lost their lives, similarly 47076 have been abducted and thousands of others become the victims of conflict(INSEC, 2006). At the same time, Nepal has created a new record in the world's history, in the sense of transforming the age old feudalisticpolitical system (Monarchy) through the 19th day's peaceful movement which is renounced in the name of "April Revolution". It is proved that the awareness level of people is very high and the whole sector (social,political, cultural, Economics) of the country is in the process of restructure. This study has aimed to assess the overall (political, socio-cultural and economic) impact of insurgency at Micro level/VDC level. The studyarea is Kuika, VDC of AchhamDistrict. Three wards, 2,3,4 has been sampled. The total households of study area are 258. Among them 65 household have been sampled randomly. Among them 27 household are from Brahamin, 23 from dalit and 15 from Chhetri. The information, for this study,has been collected from the primary and secondary sources. The primary data have been collected from focusgroup discussion, observation, questionnaire survey and key informant interview. The secondary data have been collected from published and unpublished written documents from individuals, experts and institutions. The study has identified the negative as well as positive impacts of insurgency in study area. Displacement of local people, demands of 5 food and shelter without payment, killings, stoppage of development activities, destruction of infrastructure, arbitrary law and order system,spread of sense of insecurity and fear are the negative impacts of insurgency. Similarly, reduction of social discriminations in terms ofcast and gender, reduction of social abuse as alcoholism and gambling has been stopped, lowered interest rates of moneylenders, control over corruption, suppression, transparency, empowerment of lower castes,ethnic groups and women, reduction of untouchability, reduction of Chupadi system are the positive impacts. In the present, changed situation, after the "April Revolution, 2006",people are looking for lasting peace and prosperity. People are very hopeful about the salvation from violence and murder. The great "Aprilrevolution 2006, has given a new knowledge to all stakeholders of conflict. The negotiation is the better way for solution. The displaced people want to return their homeland. All are playing no more bloodshed in the homeland. i.e. birthplace of Buddha. People arewaiting not only for peace but for the guarantee of their rights. The peace without rights is meaningless. So, for the lasting peace and prosperous society, both parties (GON/MB) should be honest/responsible toward the negotiation and peace building process.The essence of 12 points, 8 points understanding should be complied sincerely. The cease-fire monitoring mechanism should be made powerful and effective. Transformation of inhuman socio-cultural,economic and political discrimination should be addressed by the new political system in days ahead.Item Influence of Social Situation on the Characters: A Social Psychological Reading on Narayan Wagle's Palpasa Cafe(Faculty of English, 2018) Sharma, Durga PrasadThis study deeply examines Palpasa Café by Narayan Wagle through a social psychological lens. It focuses on how all the major and minor characters are affected due to the contemporary social situation. It depicts all the characters' feelings, thoughts, behaviors and actions as the outcome of social ceriumstances of that time, created by Maoist insurgency. The characteristics manifested by the characters in the novel are a clear cut representation of the psychology of all Nepalese people in each and every part of Nepal. This novel is an exemplary of the situation during civil war that was full of bloodsheds and clashes. The novel explores youthful living along with the suffering through Maoist insurgency and government policy. This dissertation concludes that the contemporary socio-political situation directly affects the people. The feelings, thoughts, behaviors and actions of the characters are directly influenced by the state of mind which is affected by the situation.Item Insearch of Peace and Egalitarian Social Order: A Humanistic Psychological Reading of Facing My Phantoms(Department of English, 2014) Shah, SundarFacing My Phantoms, a novel by Sheeba Shah deals with the female protagonist's account of marital and family bliss shattered by the Maoist insurgency. It explores the repressed human needs, violence and traumatized condition of characters because they can't balance specific needs between feudalism and egalitarian society. This project focuses the fragmented psyche of characters with the victims of a decade long Maoist insurgency. They are in hope of securing peace and egalitarian social order after actualization of self and merging of different visions. They are suffered as an outcome of negligence of government towards poor, biased human nature, dependency and narrowness. These are root causes of insecurity, conflict and insurgency in Nepalese society. Then, characters move into disintegration. However, with the anticipation of reconciliation, the creation of a peaceful and egalitarian social order arises with the highest level of satisfaction and the fulfillment of basic as well as additional needs of the people.Item Traumatic Experience in Radha Paudel’s Jumla: A Nurse’s Story(Department of English, 2018) Saud, RajendraThe present thesis entitled Traumatic Experience in Jumla: A Nurse’s Story examines Radha’s tackles with psychological and physical suffering and becomes an inspiration to the entire community. The author tries to valorize the significance of the human identity of those people who are marginalized and desires to give to voice to voiceless Jumli people. The protagonist, Radha is a victim survivor of civil war as well as poverty and gender. She sacrifices her personal desires and struggles on behalf of Jumli’s empowerment and self-identity. This paper excavates the sufferings that Radha undergo and the reasons of sufferings and the research focuses how she tries to heal her trauma through the process of working through. The story portrays the life of Radha from her childhood to old age. She struggles for social changes and challenges the existing system and notion of contemporary Nepalese society during Maoist insurgency. Despite all these challenges and difficulties she stands up and becomes an inspirational figure to the people of her country.