Browsing by Subject "Micro enterprises"
Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Livestockbased Micro-Enterprisesand Itseffectiveness on Poverty Reduction A Study In Hasposha Vdc of Sunsari District(Department of Geography, 2010) Younghang, Bhim Kumarinot availableItem Women Snacks Vendors in Kathmandu: Micro Enterprisesand Their Livelihood(Department of Geography, 2010) Thapa, SheelaThe patriarchal social system of Nepal has provided a basis in which women generally have lessaccess to income, wealth and modern avenues of employment, education and wealth facilitiesthan men. They have low social, economic, cultural, political and legal status in comparison tomen. In this situation women have encouraged themselves to come out from the home andinteract with outer world and have been engaged in microenterprises i.e. informal sector.Manypoor women in urban areas have adopted snack selling as a main way of earning livelihood andstruggling with lowquality of survival. In this context, present study attempts to explore thelivelihood of women snack vendor (WSVs) in Kathmandu. Particularly, this study examines thesocial impact of informal economy, level of income generation, problem and prospects andinstitutional support of WSVs in Kathmandu. The analysis is based on field survey of 52 WSVs that were collected from different localities ofKathmandu Metropolitan Citymainly transportation junction, commercial zone, institutionalzone and monumentalzone, so that it can represent the whole women snack vendors at this area.Primary data were collected in a fifteen days field work in December, 2009.The primary datawere collected using various tools and methods, which includes reconnaissance survey,questionnaire surveys (Women enterprises survey), key informant interviews (organizationsurvey), case studies with WSVs and the interview with customers who were buying from thestreet vendors and the pedestrians. Secondary data and information were collected frompublished and unpublished documents. Related books, journals, newspapers as well as thesiswere the major sources which were obtained from government and non governmentorganizationsand library of various institutions. Internet was other importantsource of the study. Rural poor women come to urban area to search employment.While collecting data on the fieldthe researcher has found 18-65 years of age women snack vendors. More than 85 percent of theWSVs are illiterate. Overwhelming majority ismigrants. Among them, most of the women feltinsecure with ill mannered people, like some boys who do not pay money having food on theirshop. And another serious problem was harassment of metropolitan police. The study findingsreveal that there is a significant change in the socio-economic status of WSVs. The informal jobhas provided a stable source of income to their family, which has an impact on socio-economicstatusItem Wood carving enterprises and livelihood in Bungamati, Lalitpur District(Department of Geography, 2010) Bhandari, KishorThe study “Wood Carving Enterprises and Livelihood in Bungamati, Lalitpur district” was carried out with the objectives of assessing the development pattern of wood carving enterprises, examining market chain and finding out problems of the enterprises. The data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. The field survey was carried out employing various techniques like observation, enterprise survey, FGD, KIS, informal interview and in-depth interview. Bungamati has a long history of wood carving. This occupation is regarded as a major source of livelihood since 1970s. In the past the people had other occupations such as different types of carving, carpentry, wage laboring etc to supplement to the agriculture. Now a days the situation has changed. The skill of wood carving has passed through apprenticeship from the senior to young generation. Nevertheless, there are some entrepreneurs who have formal training. Most of the entrepreneurs have chosen this occupation for being a profitable and some have adopted to conserve culture and tradition. Being a skill-oriented the most of the enterprises have been established with small capital. But income is adequate for expansion although there is an irregularity of income in terms of season and months. More than fifty percent of the entrepreneurs are in 15 to 45 years age group and most of them are only literate. Most enterprises produce goods on the basis of demand and some produce additional goods also. More than 90 percent goods are consumed by foreigners. Most of them like sculpture of Buddha, Tara and Ganesh, and frame. They carve different figure in windows, doors and struts for temple and house on the basis of demand. Tourists buy some products from the enterprises. Some enterprises have direct contact to the foreign countries and others sell to the middlemen, retailers and curio shops of the valley. The instable political condition of the country is not favorable for any enterprise and the wood carving enterprises have been affected directly or indirectly. Even time movements of political and non-political organizations can affect their marketing system and may have shortage of raw materials in market. Lack of cooperation among them, market related problems and competition with machinery products are the major problems of the enterprises. The prospect will be more if the concerned agencies and persons pay their attention to develop the enterprises. On the basis of theoretical ground, we conclude that the households (enterprises) utilized their capabilities fully by using the skill, knowledge and labours.