Browsing by Subject "Monkeys"
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Item Gastrointestinal parasites in human and rhesus monkey of Nilbarahi area, Bhaktapur, Nepal(Department of Zoology, 2022) Chhetala, SabinaGastrointestinal parasites are usual threats to primate populations. The study was conducted from March to April-2021 to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in humans and monkeys in the Nilbarahi area, Bhaktapur, Nepal. Altogether 200 samples from humans (100) and monkeys (100) were collected and preserved in a 2.5% potassium dichromate solution. These samples were analyzed microscopic by direct wet mount method and concentration procedures, viz. flotation technique and sedimentation technique, in the laboratory of Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Khumaltar, Lalitpur. Out of 100 samples of humans, 13(13%) samples were found positive, with the prevalence of protozoan parasites found higher compared to helminthic parasites. The most common protozoan parasites detected were Cryptosporidium sp. followed by Ascaris lumbricoides and Taenia sp. The infection rate was found higher in females than in males. The old age (above 60 yrs.) indicated the highest infection rate than other age groups. Only one parasite Cryptosporidium sp. showed heavy infection. The single parasitic infection was significantly high as compared to double infection. Similarly, in 100 fecal samples of monkeys examined, 81 (81%) were found positive prevalence with protozoan parasites indicated greater as compared to helminthic parasites. Among the protozoan infection, the most common parasites detected were Entamoeba spp. followed by Entamoeba coli, Balantidium coli, Cryptosporidium sp., Cyclospora sp., Giardia sp., Eimeria sp., and Endolimax sp. Among the helminthic infection, the infection of Ascarid spp. and Strongyle sp. were highest followed by Taenia sp., Hookworm whereas Fasciola sp., Controrchis sp. and Capillaria sp. infections were equal. All the identified parasites showed light infection. The single parasitic infection was high as compared to double, triple, and multiple infections. The common parasites were detected from two hosts were Cryptosporidium sp., Taenia sp., and Ascarid spp. due to poor sanitation habits, lack of safe drinking water, open place defecation, barefoot walking habits, demand for traditional practices, and sharing houses with animals increases the chance of infection with intestinal parasitic infection in people of the Nilbarahi area. There is a great need of generating awareness regarding periodic anti- parasitic treatment of such animals and other prevention and control measures.Item Population Status, Distribution and General Behavior of Assamese Monkey (Macaca Assamensis Mcclelland, 1840) in Kaligandaki River Basin, Baglung and Parbat Districts, Nepal(Central Department of Zoology Institute of Science and Technology Tribhuvan University Kirtipur, Kathmandu, 2016) Pavan Kumar Paudel, Pavan KumarThis study is focused on Assamese Macaques population, distribution, general behavior and vegetation associated with their habitats in Kaligandaki River Basin especially in Baglung and Parbat Districts, Nepal. The field survey was conducted mainly from “9 November, 2015” to “28 June, 2016” to explore the population dynamics of Assamese Macaque. The total area of 104.70 km 2 was surveyed; data were collected by total count method, questionnaire survey, and vegetation analysis by random sampling method and behavioral data were collected by scan sampling method to a particular troop. The total population of Assamese Macaques during the study period was 47 individuals in four different troops. The group density was found to be 0.038 groups/km 2 with a population density of 0.44 individuals/km 2 and a mean group size of 11.75 (range 3-16) individuals. Age-sex composition of macaque comprised 23.40% adult males, 19.14% adult females followed by 17.02% sub adult male, 19.14% young adult female, 14.8% juveniles and 6.38% infants. Adult sex ratio was observed 1:0.81 i.e. 122 males per 100 females and the recruitment rate was found 0.33. i.e. 33 infants per 100 females. The distribution pattern of Assamese Macaques among four different study blocks was found clumped distribution in the habitat. There was significant difference in distribution of Assamese Macaques among four different blocks (χ 2 = 6.2996, d.f.= 3, p = 0.09791, p>0.05). Total of 1640 scan samples were recorded from the focal Aduwabari Troop during the study period. The focal troop revealed that foraging was 47%, moving 28%, resting 14% and grooming 11%. By Quadrate sampling, 58 plant species with 716 number were recorded. this study revealed that Sal (Sorea robusta) is the dominant plant species with relative density 31.42% and relative frequency 8.376% followed by Tiju (Diospyros malabarica) relative density 10.93% and relative frequency 8.376%. Among the crop raided by Assamese Macaques, maize cubs were found to be highly prefered and was 46.95%, followed by 15.91% paddy, 15.11% potato, 10.84% millet, 6.88% wheat, 2.05% pulses, 1.59% fruits and 0.66% vegetables. The most commonly used crop protection strategy was guarding the field 50% followed by scarecrows 25%, using dogs 20% and 5% tin box and catapult