Browsing by Subject "Multidrug-resistance"
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Item Antibiotic Susceptibilty Pattern of Urinary Isolates with Reference to Extended Spectrum Β-Lactamase Producing Bacteria from Alka Hospital(Department of Microbiology, 2014) Tiwari, VijayAntibiotic resistance is now a global concern. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance due to the production of β-lactamases represent a clinical threat because of their broad spectrum of activity. The present study was conducted at Alka Hospital from Ocotober 2011 to December 2012 with the objectives to study the emergence of extended spectrum β-lactamase production in common bacterial isolates from urine sample. During this period, 1699 mid-stream urine samples collected were investigated to determine UTI by conventional culture technique and microscopy. Only 16% (n=271) out of 1699 samples showed significant bacterial growth. The maximum number of growth was observed in age group 20-30 yrs (27.3%), followed by age group 30-40 (20.30%). The high culture positivity was seen among female 17.9% (n=193) than in males 12.4% (n=78). Altogether nine different species of bacteria were isolated among which Escherichia coli 67.50% (n=183) were found the most predominant organisms followed by Staphylococcus aureus 10.70% (n=29), Klebsiella pneumoniae 7% (n=19). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 70.11% (n=190) of total bacterial isolates. Seventy seven (28.4%) isolates were confirmed for ESBL production. ESBL production was found highest in E.coli 31.6% (n=183) followed by K. pneumoniae 31.50% (n=19), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27.30% (n=11), Acinetobacter spp. 26.70% (n=15).Item Isolation, Identification and Plasmid Profiling of Multidrug Resistant Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Uti Patients(Department of Microbiology, 2008) Neupane, SanjivA study on the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the bacteria isolated from Urine samplesof suspected UTI patients was carried out. The plasmid profiling of multidrug resistantisolatesand antibiotic resistance transfer mechanism was also studied. The study was carried out during May 2007 to January 2008.Seven hundred and ten mid-stream urine samples received in the laboratoryofKathmandu Model Hospital, Kathmanduwere processed for routine culture.The antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates wasdeterminedbyKirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique.The isolates which showed resistantto more than two different structural classes antibiotics were considered as multidrugresistant. The plasmids of multidrug resistant isolates wereextractedandelectrophoresed.The antibiotic resistance transfer study was carried outbyconjugation and transformationexperimentinthe laboratory ofCentral Department of Microbiology,Kirtipur, Kathmandu. Only 30.85% (219/710) of the samples showed significant bacterial growth. Status of bacteriuriawas found higher in females (33.52%) than in males (23.71%). Association of significantbacteriuria and gender of patients was found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). Status ofbacteriuria was found higher in age group 20-29 (34.25%).Altogether 16 different bacterialgenerawere isolated from all culture positive urine samples.Escherichia coli (81.28%) wasfound to be the most predominant organism. In all theE.coli isolates, 38.20%were Multidrug resistant.Among the MDRE. coli 95.58%isolates were resistant toNorfloxacin,94.11% toAmpicillin, 92.64% to Ciprofloxacinand86.76% toCo-trimoxazole. Conjugation experiment showed that 100% (10/10) resistant isolates possessed the conjugativetypes of plasmids. The plasmid profile showed that the donors having 51, 38, 32.5 Kb plasmidswere found to be transferred completely. Most of the isolates and their transconjugants had highdegree of resistance against Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Cefixime, Trimethoprim and Norfloxacin(MIC >1024). Key words:Bacteriuria, Urinary Tract Infection, Mid-stream urine, Multidrug-resistance,Plasmid profiles, MICItem Study of Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infection and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Trend at National Public Health Laboratory(Department of Microbiology, 2007) Shrestha, PadmaThepresent study was conducted at National Public Health Laboratory, Teku from May toSeptember 2006 with the objectives to isolate bacteria causingurinary tract infectionand todetermine their antimicrobial resistance trend. During this period, three hundred and fifty twomid-stream urine samples collected were investigated by conventional semi-quantitative culturetechnique, microscopy and antibiotic susceptibility test. Only 22.7% (80/352) of the samples showed significant bacterial growth. Status of bacteriuriawas found higher in females (29.8%) than in males (15.2%). Association of significant bacteriuriaand gender of patients was found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). Status of bacteriuria wasfoundhigher in age group 21-30 (21.6%) followed by 31-40 (18.8%). Altogether11 differentbacteria were isolated among whichEscherichia coli(48.8%) was foundthe most predominant organisms followed byKlebsiella pneumoniae(18.8%),Proteus mirabilis(7.5%),Proteus vulgaris(6.3%), Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (5.0%),K. oxytoca(3.8%),Enterobacterspp. (3.8%),Citrobacter freundii (2.5%),Acinetobacterspp. (1.3%),Alcaligenesspp. (1.3%) andStaphylococcus aureus(1.3%). Predictors concerning pus cell count (≥5/HPF) and RBC count (≥3/HPF) were analyzed todetermine the positive predictive value (PPV) in relation to the significant bacteriuria. Positivepredictive value for pus cell count was found to be higher (77.8%) than that of RBC count(39.6%). Gramnegative bacilli showed best susceptibility towards gentamicin (80.0%) followed byceftriazone (76.0%)whereas ampicillin was found out to be the least effective drug.Nitrofurantoin(100.0%)was found to bethe most effective against Grampositive bacteria. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 45.0% (36/80) of total bacterial isolates. Multidrugresistance was foundto be 51.3% (20/39) inE. coliand that inKlebsiella pneumoniaewas 33.3 %(5/15). Higherrateof MDR was found in males (57.7%, 15/26) than in females (38.8%,21/54).Among the MDRE. coli isolates, 100.0%, 90.0% and 65.0% were resistant to ampicillin,norfloxacinandcotrimoxazolerespectively.Among the MDRK. pneumoniae isolates, 100.0%were resistant to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and norfloxacin. Key words:bacteriuria, urinary tract infection,mid-stream urine, pyuria, multidrug-resistance