Browsing by Subject "Nutritional status"
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Item Nutritional Status among Under Five Children and Their Mothers with Gender Perspective(Central Department of Statistics, 2012) Pradhan, AmitaSurvey results since 1975 in Nepal do not ascertain favorable situation of nutrition among children under five years of age as indicated by the percent of children with stunting, wasting and underweight. National Family Health Survey (NFHS), 1996 revealed that 54.8% were stunted, 12.7% were wasted and 54.2% were underweight. Nepal Micronutrient Status Survey, 1998 displayed that 54% of children in Nepal were stunted and 47% underweight. The first national nutritional survey in 1975 also exhibited similar findings of 48.1% stunted, 2.8% wasted and 50% underweight. The data suggest that there is no enhancement in the nutritional status in the country during this time span. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2001 revealed the percent prevalence for underweight and wasted children of under five years of age as 48.3% and 9.6% and about 50% of these children showed stunting. Similarly, NDHS 2006 reveals that the percent prevalence for underweight and wasted children of under five years of age are 39% and 13%. Forty nine percent of the children under five years of age are stunted. To overcome the problem of malnutrition, the factors associated with nutrition needs to be studied. Many studies show that wealth status of household, size of the child at the birth, educational status of mothers and mother’s autonomy are related with her own and her child’s nutrition. This study was intended to determine percent prevalence of nutritional status as indicated by percent of normal children and percent of underweight, stunted and wasted children as well as percent of mothers with normal and low body mass index. This study also tried to explore the factors associated with nutrition among children under five years of age and the mothers. There are many indicators of gender status and while analyzing the data, some of the variables related to status of women such as woman’s educational status, employment status, working hour per day, decision making ability, contraceptive use and media exposure etc. were tried to link with nutrition of children and women themselves. This was an observational study carried out in Kathmandu district. This study also used the secondary data of Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, 2006 for the enrichment of the scope of the study to whole Nepal. The primary data were collected from Kathmandu district. The proportional allocation of households from different VDCs and municipalities was insured. The households were selected by spinning a bottle at different junctions in survey area. The sample size calculated was 454 children. The primary data was collected by interviewing the mothers. The anthropometry for under-5 years and their mothers were collected by using weighing machine, Sakir’s tape and measuring tape. STATA 9, PHSTAT2, Growth analyzer 3.5, Epi Info 2000, Microsoft Excel 2007, SPSS 13 and SPSS 17 were used for analysis. Necessary tables, chi square test (exact test where applicable),z test for proportion, Kruskal Wallis test, ANOVA, ordinal regression, MANCOVA, LMS method for smoothing growth centile curve and chi square test of goodness of fit were used in the process of data analysis. The percent of children with stunting, underweight and wasting was found as 58.8%, 34.4% and 14.6% respectively as per present study. Ordinal regression came out as suitable method for nutrition data. Wherever required assumption for ordinal regression failed, partial proportional odds model was a good substitute. Alternative gamma parameterization results were observed in line to partial proportional odds model. MANOVA analysis could not hold required assumption in this data set. Household wealth, area of residence, size at birth, education of mothers was found to impact the nutrition of children. Moreover, employment status of the mothers showed effects on child’s height. Furthermore, mothers’ exposure to mass media emerged as significant predictor for underweight. Female children showed substantial risk of being underweight. Likewise, exclusive breastfeeding resulted into better MUAC facet. Media exposure showed positive blow on nutrition of women and higher number of children to the woman indicated negative agreement with her BMI. The growth charts did not resemble marked gender differences in its mold. The fiftieth centile comparison with CDC 2000 charts indicated lower height for age assessment for NDHS and Kathmandu data. Overlapping fiftieth centiles of Kathmandu with CDC 2000 charts which were elevated than NDHS were observed for weight for age. Looking at these insights, it could be concluded that at one hand wealth status of the household was important in defining the nutrition of the children and at the other hand size of the child at birth and education of the mothers, employment status of the mothers played effective role. Here the important notion is that size at birth is linked with mother’s nutrition during pregnancy. Employment and education may contribute to gain autonomy among the mothers which would be reflecting in household resource allocation resulting into more allocation in nutritious food. Key words: BMI, Nutrition, Height for Age, Weight for Age, Weight for HeightItem Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections, related risk factors and possible impact on nutritional status among private school children in Kathmandu(Department of Microbiology, 2016) Maharjan, SumanThe present study was conducted among the primary level school children of four private schools of Kathmandu, Nepal to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections, possible pre-disposing factors as well as its impact on the nutritional status of the school children. This cross sectional study was conducted from July to November, 2014. A total of 329 stool and blood samples were collected and brought to the laboratory of Shi-Gan International College of Science and Technology (SICOST). Anthropometric data were collected and questionnaire related to their personal hygiene, socioeconomic condition were done. Stool samples were processed for microscopy by using formal-ether concentration technique. Hemoglobin was estimated by cyanmethemoglobin method. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS 16.0. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was 17.9% (59/329). Protozoan parasites were dominant (47.5%) over helminthes (22.0%). Altogether eight species of parasites were detected in the study. Giardia intestinalis (29.9%) was the most common protozoan parasite detected whereas Trichuris trichiura (24.7%) topped among the list of helminthes. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was slightly higher among boys (18.6%) than girls (17.1%) (p=0.732). Similarly, the prevalence was significantly higher among the children belonging to age group 6-10 years (p=0.000). No statistically significant association was observed with respect to parents’ literacy, nail trimming, hand washing with soap before eating and after toilet, use of antihelminthic drug, source of drinking water and treatment of drinking water. A total of 41.0%, 29.0% and 11.0% children were found to be stunted, underweight and wasted respectively. Similarly, about 20.5% of the children were anemic without significant association between the parasitic infections. The results indicate the need of periodic deworming programmes, health education and improvement of sanitation and hygienic practices in private schools. Key words: Intestinal parasitic infection, school children, risk factors, nutritional status, Kathmandu.Item Situation Analysis on Nutritional Status of Children Under Five Years of Age of Indrapur Vdc, Morang District(Faculty of Education, 2011-11) Adhikari, DilliramThis study entitled "Situation Analysis on Nutritional Status of Children under Five Years of Age of Indrapur VDC, Morang District" is based on primary data from ward no. 2 of Indrapur VDC. The main objectives of the study is to find out the relationship between socio-economic factors and nutritional status, comparing sex wise nutritional status. The area of study was selected purposively and the ward selection was made by random sampling. In selecting ward, 25 percent of household were randomly chosen. The nutritional status was studied from anthropometric measurement and socio-economic patterns were considered. Prevalence of malnutrition from Gomez classification, Waterlow classification and from MUAC were found to be 78.13%, 56.25% and 78.19% respectively. Socio-economic patterns like education of parents, land ownership, higher ethnic caste have positive effect in nutritional status of children. In sex wise comparison boys seemed better nourish than girls. Nutritional needs should be addressed through co-ordinated approaches involving different sectors. Among them, main are health education, agriculture and local development.