Browsing by Subject "Partition violence"
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Item Counter History of Partition Violence: Feminist Edge of Irony of Partition Violence in Shauna Singh Baldwin’s What the Body Remembers and “Family Ties”.(Faculty of English, 2012) Prasain Gyawali, KalaThe ramification of the partition violence of 1947 is still felt in different forms in different parts of the Sub-continent in the form of the communal disturbances. The seed of communal hostility did not develop all of a sudden but the age long agony of losing political power, and imperialist’s strategy of ‘divide and rule’ were the stimulants of inciting the communal feelings among the Sikhs, Muslims and Hindus. In this communal violence women have been the most hapless victims. This paper focuses on the ironic mode of narrating partition violence from a feminist angle. It focuses on how Baldwin politically deploys irony as weapon in critiquing Indian patriarchal historiography that retains silence about women’s victimization. Linda Hutcheon asserts irony as the tool used by voiceless groups in subverting and resisting power. Baldwin has successfully exploited the cutting edge of irony in analyzing the bourgeois patriarchal ideology from the margin of the female victims. The first part of the dissertation is the introduction of Partition violence, and the second consists of the theory of political irony followed by the observations about ironizing violence in Baldwin’s fiction. The third chapter is revelation of political irony in “The Family Ties” and What the Body Remembers and the last chapter sums up the dissertation.Item Depiction of Partition Violence in Cracking India and Earth: A Critique from the Perspective of Subaltern Studies Project(Department of English, 2011) Mandal, NityanandThis thesis investigates the problem of representing the Partition of India in 1947. It investigates the representation of the Partition in two sites—the Subaltern Studies project and Bapsi Sidhwa’s novel Cracking India (1991). It focuses upon the silence of the subaltern. The Subaltern Studies project questions the representation of the freedom moment of India in nationalist historiography and argues that, in nationalist historiography, only Independence and the elite leaders are celebrated whereas the Partition and the subaltern have been absent. Chapter One of this thesis introduces the view of the Subaltern Studies project. Chapter Two investigates the representation of the Partition in Sidhwa’s novel Cracking India and it screen adaptation in Deepa Mehta’s Earth. Chapter Three concludes the discussions of the representation of the Partition in the Subaltern Studies project, Sidhwa’s Cracking India, and the film Earth, contemplating the representation of the Partition and the subaltern. Through an investigation of the silence of the subaltern in these sites, we can detect the limits of the representation of the Partition and obtain a chance to re-think and re-read this history from these alternative versions of the Partition.Item Ethics of Memory in Pritam’s The Skeleton and Sidhwa’s Cracking India(Department of English, 2017) Hamal, Dailak BabuThis dissertation examines two partition fictions, The Skeleton by Amrita Pritam and Cracking India by Bapsi Sidhwa. It undertakes this examination through an application of the theoretical notion of the distinction between morality and ethics in Avishai Margalit's The Ethics of Memory. The main argument is that The Skeleton comes out as much more qualitative novel than Cracking India because the former is flush with the morality of memory whereas the latter is contaminated with the Pakistani national ethics of memory. Whereas morality of memory makes Pritam's The Skeleton build on the sense of humanistic responsibility, Cracking India degenerates into the language of cultural trauma, which represents national ethics towards the image of Pakistani Muslims. By means of mortality of memory, Pritam succeeds to avoid identitarian politics and 'Prose of Otherness' while Sidhwa cannot move beyond identitarian politics' and, therefore, prose of otherness about non-Prsis and 'non-Pakistanis' has been constructed because of the use of 'ethics of memory.'Item Female Subjection and Protest in Jaspreet Singh’s Chef(Department of English, 2011) Baral, BharatChef, a historical novel by Jaspreet Singh has its roots anchored in the patriarchal society. This research in Chef explains the prevalent domination of females and examines the uprising tone of protest and sense of resistance against of patriarchal Indian society during the time of partition violence and Kashmir conflict, especially by the female characters Rubiya and Irem. It studies the passivity and subjugation of females as well as the emerging rebellious and dominant role of conscious female characters. Rubiya and Irem have proved themselves as the rebellious figure through their radical action, which is strong challenge to the patriarchal custodians.Item Feminist Perception of Partition Violence in Devi's The River Churning(Department of English, 2006) Marahatta, UmaThis dissertation concentrates on Jyotirmoyee Devi'sThe River Churningin order to explore the painful experiences of women partition victims whose stories of pain and suffering have been excluded from the officialhistory of Indian partition violence 1947. Through her novel, Devi questions the validity of such history by rewriting the same history by demonstrating its politics of exclusion and inclusion from the perspective of the female victim.As a feminist writer, Devi challenges the patriarchal ideology of the "purity" of the community where women's body is regarded as a territory to be preserved or conquered. One community takes revenge upon the other by exercising its territoriality over women's body. In such acts women suffer from double victimization. First, she is sexually assaulted by the other community; next, she is alienated by her own community since she remains animpure being, a black patch in her community's honour. Such a dual nature of patriarchy, which made women pay for the crimes of which they are the chief victims, gets exposed in Devi's novelThe River Churning.Item Feminist Representation of Partition Violence in Clear Light of Dayand Cracking India(Department of English, 2006) Sharma, Bhim PrasadBothClear Light of DayandCracking Indiadepict gruesome picture of partition violence perpetrated upon womenduring the partition of British India in 1947. Since females became the extreme sufferer during the apocalyptic events of partition, the study is made from the perspective of females. By dramatizing the politics of partition and the consequential violenceinflicted upon women, both the novelists have foregrounded the pathetic conditions of women at the time of war. However,Clear Light of Dayis not as graphic in its description of the partition violence asCracking Indiais. Both Sidhwa and Desai highlight women's emancipation, but without showing the resolution of the difficulties of their protagonists.Item Irony in Partition Violence: Critical Evaluation of Manto's Short Stories(Department of English, 2009) Kunwar, MukundaMain purpose of this study of ironic mode of storytelling in Manto's partition stories is to analyze the political use of irony while dealing with the issues of partition violence which were kept in silence considering them as the evil things and black marks of the history, and to subvert the limited notion of partition violence which took partition as an appropriate action of independence and the solution for the existing violence there. Crossing the boundaries of selective representation of partition violence, the writer in the selected stories has made the actual depiction of partition violence exposing the pain, suffering, trauma and torture of the victims by going back to the specific levels of the events. In this course, irony in some stories highlights the irrationality, inhumanity and narrow vision of the so-called rational leaders. In some other stories he catches the indifference and the hypocritical attitude of the governments and the volunteers during refugee rehabilitation. And in other stories he has shown the vulnerable condition of common people in front of those gangs of rioters. In this way, Manto has used irony as his weapon to subvert the existing notion about partition violence of India.Item Memory and History: Thin Representation of Partition Violence in Bhisham Sahni’s Tamas(Department of English, 2011) Malla, RajuA traumatic historical event usually finds the artistic/literary response twice: once, during the event or immediately following it, and again after a lapse of time, when the event has found its corner in the collective memory of the generation that witnessed it. The initial response tends to be emotionally intense and personal in character, even melodramatic. On the other hand, when the event is reflected upon with emotional detachment and objectivity, a clearer pattern of the various forces that shaped it is likely to emerge. Tamas is the reflective response to the partition of India – one of the most tragic events in the recent history of the Indian sub-continent. Sahni witnessed the turbulence of the period as an adult. That was a period of intense turmoil – people sacrificing their lives for the freedom of the country, people dying fighting. The unprecedented communal violence provoked by the callous manipulation of religious sentiments of different communities, by the elements that chose to use religion as a weapon to achieve political objectives, heightened his sensitivity towards human suffering and also strengthened his commitment to secularism. As a writer, Sahni rarely gives sentimental and dramatic response to immediate events. His creativity is characterized by deep reflection upon and understanding of the complexities and nuances of contemporary reality. Thus, in Tamas while narrating the partition and its violent aftermath, Sahni does not take the side of any community. His approach to violence is moral, for events come through the view points of the sufferers.Item Partition Violence: A Cause of Psychological Trauma in Nahal's Azadi(Faculty of English, 2012) Shrestha, Hari NarayanThis thesis entitled “Partition Violence: A Psychological Cause of Trauma in Nahal’s Azadi” has been written on the novel Azadi, written by an Indian writer Chaman Nahal. In the novel, the core intention of the writer is to portray the heart rending violent scenery of partition violence of India in 1947, and spread the message that violence benefits no one. Further more, he wills to say how the violence breaks all the limitations of social and moral laws. Violence brings severe catastrophes for the civilians and can be one of the root causes of trauma, especially psychological trauma. This thesis seeks to examine the narrativization of trauma in Azadi. However, at the same time the writer fails to maintain the fair judgment regarding the causes behind the eruption of such heart rending partition violence. Azadi projects Muslims as responsible for the eruption of the partition violence in 1947. Chaman Nahal does so out of the cultural chauvinism on their part to build up the image of their communities as civilized entities as opposed to the other communities. This cultural prejudice mars the authenticity of the traumatic experience depicted in the novel. The description of the violence in Pakistani side by the main character Lala Kanshi Ram is a subjective one. It is increased so much that it boils the blood and raises hair of any Hindu. Azadi is an unauthentic presentation that the rendition of violence is influenced by his inclination of Indian nationalism. He vainly attempts to create a show-up of the objectivity and authenticity in the narrativization of the trauma of the Muslim by presenting Lala Kanshi Ram. He says that what ever happened to them in Pakistan is happening to the Muslims in India. He does not narrate what exactly he observes. This refers two things. The first is Hindus or Sikhs were not less violent than Muslims. And second, Nahal escapes details of trauma undergone by the Muslim refugees in India.Item The politics of memory in Intizar Husain's Basti(Department of English, 2010) Khadka, Tanka BahadurIntizar Husain's novel Basti is about the protagonist Zakir's memory of his past which leads him to trauma. Those memories of his past come under the shadow of politics. The very politics of this memory of past is to regain the harmonious and communal childhood of pre-partition time. Those memories appear to him in fragmented way. He falls under the traumatic situation due to those frequent memories that come to him time and again. In such traumatic situation, the protagonist fails to maintain his physical, emotion and psychological sense. Husain, in this novel, uses trauma as a complex form of memory that come in fragmented way. Zakir is a survivor of the partition violence. Now he lives in Vyaspur, Pakistan with his father and mother in Khan Bahadur Uncle's home leaving his childhood sweetheart Sabirah, who lives in Rupnagar, India. His daily activities are disturbed due to those memories that come to him.Item Re-writing the History of Partition in Chaman Nahal’s Azadi(Department of English, 2009) Ghimire, Raju SharmaChaman Nahal in Azadi rewrites the history of partition by focusing on those ugly aspects such as –rape, abduction, massacre, naked marches of women, very pathetic condition of refugees, merciless killing of women and children, looting, and destruction of lives, homes and properties and so on which were overlooked by traditional history. By bringing into fore the consciousness of sufferers, as witness, survivors and victims, Nahal critiques the meta-narrative of partition.Item Subversion of Patriarchal Violence in Pritam's The Skeleton and Baldwin's Family Ties(Department of English, 2008) Paudyal, BimalaThis dissertation concentrates on Amrita Pritam's The Skeleton and Shauna Singh Baldwin's "Family Ties". Written on the backdrop of the partition violence of India in 1947, these texts explore the plight of women victims during and at the aftermath of partition. The main objective of this study is to analyze the writer's humanistic intervention in The Skeleton and the political use of irony in "Family Ties" while dealing with issues of partition violence. The concept of humanism and the politics of irony has been used in the texts respectively in The Skeleton and "Family Ties" to excavate and undercut the bourgeois and patriarchal natures of violence that remains largely in Indian historiography.Item Theme of Abduction in Partition Fiction by women: Reading The Skeletonand Cracking India(Department of English, 2006) Sapkota, Krishna PrasadNot availableItem Traumatic experience in Jaspreet Singh’s Chef(Department of English, 2011) Bhandari, BimalChef, a historical novel by Jaspreet Singh has its roots anchored in the partition violence and Kashmir conflict. This research explores the prevalent condition of innocent people who have been traumatized by the effects of Indo-Pak conflict. Kip, as an eyewitness of the conflict, has experienced different sorts of devastating condition that surrounding people had faced during the time of conflict. He is mostly tortured with the condition of Irem, a Muslim woman who has been sexually abused by General and compelled to bear an unwanted child.Item Violence on Women: Sikh Perception of 1947 Partition inWhat the Body Remembers(Department of English, 2006) Sharma, PrahladShauna Singh Baldwin's debut novel,What the Body Remembersis a recently published novel (1999). The novel is set in Punjab between 1937 to 1947, the final decade of the colonial era in India. The text presents the patriarchal institution of Pre- Independence India society, which required women to be object in marriage and sexuality with little opportunity for individuality. They are supposed to be good daughters, wives and mothers moving only from the protection of their father's roof to the protection of their husband. Women were confined within the narrow boundaries of domesticity. They were expected to be chaste and obedient to their husband and motherly and protective to their children. However, as the official partition of India in 1947 was negotiated by 'nationalist' leaders on all sides, large segments of the population underwent violent dislocations across what was to become the Indo-Pakistan border. There journey of Hindu to India and Muslim to Pakistan left in their wakea series of horrific mutilation suffered by people in cities, small towns and village, in their homes and on their bodies. Women's bodies often because the markers on which the painful scripts of contending nationalism (Hindu, Muslim or Sikh) were inscribed. In response to the mass rapes and abduction as both sides of the border and in order to legislate a 'fair' exchange of abducted women across borders, the government of India and Pakistan signed the Inter-Dominion in 1947. My research is divided intofour chapters. The first chapter deals with the methodology" Reflection on the Genocide and uprooted Sikh women during partition violence" with special reference to Urvashi Butalia'sThe Other Side of Silence, Ritu Menon and Kamla Bhasin'sBorder and Boundaries. The second chapter is about the Feminist Perception of Partition violence. Third and final chapter is the conclusion of the thesis.7