Browsing by Subject "Pedagogical implications."
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Item Attitudinal Study on the Text Book ‘English Grade Eight’(Faculty of English Education, 2015) Bhattarai, Bishnu PrasadThis research entitled "Attitudinal study on the text book English Grade Eight’’ is an attempt to find out the attitudes of students and teachers towards English Grade Eight which is being piloted in some schools of Jhapa district..To accomplish the objectives of the study, the researcher selected thirty students from a school and ten teachers from four government schools of Jhapa district. They were chosen by using judgmental sampling procedure. For collecting data, the researcher used a set of questionnaire including the open-ended and close-ended questions for students and teachers. The questions were related to the textbook with its internal and external aspects. The main finding of the study showed that most respondents were not satisfied with the physical aspects of the book but they were satisfied with the content aspects. This report consists of five chapters .Chapter one deals about the background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study , significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definition of the key terms. Chapter two consists of review of theoretical literature, review of empirical literature, implications of the review for the study and conceptual frame work. Chapter three consists of the design and method of the study, population and sample and sampling strategy, study areas, data collection tools and techniques ,data collection procedures and data analysis and interpretation procedure. Chapter four deals with the analysis of data, interpretation of the results and summary of findings. Chapter five is about the conclusions and recommendations have been made on the basis of the findings of the study. Besides main chapter, the supportive materials such as references, questionnaire, tables, charts etc. are used during the research are presented in the appendices of the thesis.Item Case in English and Chepang(Department of English Education, 2011) Khanal, SumanThe thesis entitled 'Case in English and Chepang' is an attempt to identify cases in the Chepang language and to compare and contrast them with those of English. The researcher has found out that the Chepang is a tripartite type of language whereas English is a nominative accusative type of language. In tripartite system, all the arguments S, A and P are treated differently. As a result, they are marked with case markers. The cases identified in the Chepang are genitive, instrumental, dative, comitative, ablative/source, goal and locative. Suffixes are found to be used as case markers in the Chepang language. Word order does not play a vital role in meaning change in the Chepang language. The researcher collected data from forty native speakers of Sarikhet VDC from Makwanpur district were the research fields for the researcher to elicit data from the informants. He used both the primary and secondary sources to carry out this research work. The thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter deals with introduction. It consists of general background, importance of the English language, the sociolinguistic situation in Nepal, an introduction to the Chepang language, an introduction to case, CA and its importance on language teaching, review of related literature, objectives of the study and significance of the study. Chapter two deals with methodology. It encompasses sources of data, population of the study, sampling procedure, research tools, processes of data collection and limitaiton of the study. Chapter three deals with analysis and interpretation of the data. It comprises identification and analysis of cases in the Chepang language and similarities and differences between the Chepang and English cases. Chapter four encompasses findings and recommendations and pedagogical implications.Item Case in English, Nepali and Awadhi(Department of Education English, 2011) Yadav, Tek BahadurThis thesis entitled "Case in English, Nepali and Awadhi" was carried out to identify cases in the Awadhi language and to compare those with that of English and Nepali cases. For successful completion of this research work, I collected data from sixty Awadhi native speakers of Gadhawa VDC of Deukhuri valley of Dang district by preparing a set of questionnaire. The cases identified in the Awadhi language are nominative, instrumental, genitive, accusative, ablative, vocative, dative, locative and comitative. The comparison shows that the case system in Awadhi is in parallel to Nepali cases but less complicated than the English language. The Awadhi language uses different suffixes as its case markers in different types of cases. There is no any case marker for vocative case in the Awadhi language. This thesis contains four chapters. The first chapter is an introductory chapter which deals with general background, importance of English language, linguistic scenario of Nepal, introduction to the Awadhi language, cases in the Nepali language, review of related literature, objectives and, significance of the study. The second chapter deals with methodology which was applied to carryout the research. Presents the sources of data, population of the study, sampling procedure, tools for data collection, process of data collection and limitations of the study. The third chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of the data. The fourth chapter deals with the findings and recommendations made in the light of analysis and interpretations on the basis of findings.Item Challenges faced by Maithili speaking learners of basic level while learning english(2023) Jha, JyotiThis study entitled "Challenges Faced by Maithili Speaking Students of Basic Level in Learning English", was an attempt to find out the challenges faced by Maithili students in learning English. A mixed method research design was used in this study. Forty Basic Level 'Maithili students of Malangwa Municipality, Sarlahi' were selected as a sample using purposive sampling strategy. I selected school according to its good fame name and discipline environment. Similarly, I selected the students by purposive sampling method taking average, good and low students on the basis of class performance and results. In this study, questionnaire and semi- structured interview were used as research tools. The data collected through questionnaire were analyzed descriptively and thematically. From the analysis of data and interpretations of the results, it was found that the main challenges they faced were complex rules of grammar, comprehension, vocabulary, pronunciation and spelling while learning English language. Similarly, mother tongue interference was found in pronunciation of English sound. The study consist of five chapters. The first chapter deals with background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the key terms. The second chapter deals with the review of the theoretical and empirical literature, implications of the review for the study and conceptual framework of the study. Likewise, the third chapter deals with the methodology adopted for the study which includes design of the study, population, sample and sampling strategy, research tools, sources of data, data collection procedures and data analysis and interpretation procedure of the collected data descriptively and using sample statistical tool i.e. percentage. Similarly, the fifth chapter presents the findings based on the analysis and interpretation of the data, including conclusion derived from the findings and recommendations in policy related, practice related and further research related level. This chapter is also followed by references and appendices.Item Critical discourse analysis of political speech delivered by Barack Hussein Obama at Cairo University, Egypt(Department of English Education, 2023) Hangkhim, NawakusumThis thesis entitled Critical Discourse Analysis of Political Speech delivered by Barack Hussein Obama at Cairo University, Egypt aimed at analyzing the speech in terms of lexical aspects namely, nouns, pronouns, and conjunctions. Along with that, it aimed at analyzing seven specifically identified issues, and also the social, religious, political, ideological, and educational aspects dealt in the speech. Fairclough’s approach of critical discourse analysis was used as the design of the study. Observation and text analysis tools were used to analyze the speech. The speech was famously delivered by Mr. Obama on June 4th of 2009, right after he got elected as a president of the United States of America. Findings of my study are that the politicians use different nouns, pronouns and conjunctions to persuade their audiences. They put their messages and intentions across intertwining their language with emotional, socio-cultural, historical, religious connections or contexts. Powerful politicians have the ability to establish new opinions, social beliefs and ideologies through their speeches. They can lead and shape the future of different domains of society. This study consists of five different chapters. The first chapter includes six different topics namely, background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study, and operational definitions of the key terms. The second chapter comprises different topics of review of related literature and conceptual framework namely, review of related theoretical literature, review of related empirical literature, implications of the review for the study, conceptual framework, and Fairclough’s three dimensional framework. The third chapter contains methods and procedure of the study, it basically deals with the design of the study, populations, sample and sampling strategy, sources of data, data collection tools and techniques, data collection procedures, Data analysis and interpretation procedures and ethical considerations. The fourth chapter is all about the analysis and interpretation, which consists mainly analysis of lexical items used in speech, analysis of issues, problems and purposes, and analysis of the social, religious, political, ideological and educational aspects. The fifth or last chapter provides the conclusions and the implications of my study.Item Effectiveness of marking scheme in testing(Department of English Education, 2009) Pokhrel, KumarThis thesis entitled 'Effectiveness of Marking Scheme in Language Testing' has aimed to find out effectiveness of marking scheme in testing especially the answer sheets of SLC level students. For this purpose the data were collected conducting conference marking selecting 40 teachers from the two districts-Jhapa and Morang of eastern Nepal. The selected teachers were trained and untrained, male and female, private boarding school and government school teachers. After using marking scheme the difference was found item wise. More variation in marking was found to occur in subjective type test items than objective ones without using marking scheme. After using marking scheme the variation was minimized to some extent. The gist of the research is that marking scheme is effective in testing both types of language competencies: reading and writing. The thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter deals with general background, language and language testing, meaning and importance of marking, approaches to marking , objectives of the study, significance of the study. The second chapter includes the methodology applied to carry out research. It deals with the sources of data sampling procedures, tools of data collection, process of data collection and limitation of the study. The third chapter deals with the analysis and the interpretation of the data. The researcher has used descriptive style to present processes of effectiveness of marking scheme in testing and he has compared and contrasted the scoring of answer sheets of the students scored by the teachers using marking scheme and without using marking scheme. The researcher especially focused on the variation and differences in average mark after using marking scheme in testing the answer sheets. The answer sheets were graded considering the competency level of the students and named as set A, B and C. The fourth chapter presents the findings and recommendations. On the basis of analyzed data, some findings have been listed, and, in turn, on the basis of these findings, some recommendations have been made for pedagogical implications.Item English Code Mixing in the Novel Palpasa Café(Department of English Education, 2021) Karki, KarishmaThis study entitled English Code Mixing in the Novel Palpasa Café was carried out to identify the major word classes’ noun, adverb, adjective and verb in the novel; to explore the context in which English codes are mixed; and to suggest some pedagogical implications. For this I have conducted survey research design in which mixed codes were collected from the Nepali novel Palpasa Café. To generate relevant data, I used a checklist for data collection. The required data were gathered by non-random sampling procedure. This research study was based on secondary sources of data, and shows that English codes were heavily mixed in different contexts in the novel Palpasa Café; The noun level expressions were more frequent than verbs, adjectives and adverbs; and English-mixed expressions were used frequently while talking about books, restaurant, gallery and café. This thesis consists of five chapters. The first chapter deals with the background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study, and the operational definitions of the key terms. The second chapter interprets review of the theoretical, empirical literature, implication of the review of the study and conceptual framework. Similarly, the third chapter includes methods and procedure of the study which include design and method of the study, population sample and sampling procedure, sources of data, data collection tools and techniques, data collection procedures, data analysis and interpretation procedures and ethical considerations. Likewise, the fourth chapter encompasses analysis and interpretation of the results. The fifth chapter contains the findings based on the analysis and interpretation of the data, and the conclusion derived from the findings and then recommendations. This chapter is also followed by references and appendices.Item English Language Anxiety in Class Eight Students(Department of English Education, 2019) Lamichhane, SirjanaThis research entitled English Language Anxiety in Class Eight Students has been carried out to find out the anxiety of students’ towards English Language and to suggest some pedagogical implications. The present study was based on survey research. The study was conducted in government schools of Chitwan district. Thirty students of class eight from each class were taken as the sample population of the study. The research was conducting three government schools of Chitwan district. The students were requested to fill the questionnaire prepared by the researcher. The data collected from the students were analyzed, compared and interpreted to find out the anxiety of the students in different language skills and aspects. By this study, it was found that most of the students had anxiety in different language skills and aspects. In the similar way, students were found unconfident in sharing their views and opinions because of the poor environment in teaching learning activities. After analyzing the data, it was found that most of the students had anxiety in grammar. Because of the innumerable number of rules the students were not able to make the sentence properly. The teachers negative remarks towards students made them worry. The research found that most of the students were anxious with their pronunciation. Most of them were so worried about the different meanings of the same word. This thesis consists of different chapters. The first chapter is introductory part on consists of background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study and research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definition of the key terms. Similarly, the second chapter contains the review of related theoretical literature, review of empirical literature implication of the review for the study and conceptual framework. Likewise, the third chapter presents the methods and procedures of the study. It incorporates design of the study, population, sample and sampling strategy, research tools, sources of data, data collection procedure and data analysis procedure. The fourth chapter of the research deals with analysis and interpretation of data using simple statistical tools like percentage. The fifth chapter focuses on conclusion, recommendations and further research.Item English Language Learning by Muslim Students in Multilingual Setting: An Ethnographic Study(Department of English Education, 2021) Ranabhat, SandeshThe title of this research is English Language Learning by Muslim Students in Multilingual Setting: An Ethnographic Study. The main objectives of this study were to explore the interest of Muslim students’ towards studying English language in community school, to analyze English language learning in cultural background and to suggest some pedagogical implications. The research was based on Ethnography research design and qualitative method in nature. The participants of this study were three Muslim students of lower secondary level class six, seven, and eight respectively who were selected purposefully. In-depth interview and class observation were used for the collection of data, and thematic approach was applied for the analysis and interpretation of the data. Furthermore, the findings of this research suggest the English teachers, guardians, administrators, policy makers and all the concerned stakeholders to be responsible and context-sensitive. Similarly, effective teaching materials and strategies should be used while teaching. This thesis includes five chapters. The chapter one contains background of the study, statement of research problem, objectives, research questions, delimitations of the research, significance of the study, and defining key terms. The chapter two deals with the review of theoretical literature, review of empirical literature, implication of literature review and conceptual framework. Similarly, chapter three consists design and methods of the study, population, sample and sampling strategy, sources of data, data collection tool and technique, data collection procedures, data analysis procedures, and ethical consideration. Likewise, chapter four deals with analysis of data and interpretation of the result. Finally, chapter five contains findings, conclusion and recommendations.Item English teacher's perceptions on the use of formative assessment(Department of English Education, 2023) Sapkota, SusmitaThe present study entitled “English Teachers’ Perceptions on the Use of Formative Assessment” was carried out to identify the English teachers’ perception on the use of formative assessment in terms of its use in the EFL classroom. I used survey research design in order to carry out this research. I collected the data from thirty secondary level English teachers of community schools of Dhading District using purposive non-random sampling strategy. A questionnaire containing 15 closeended and 6 open-ended questions were used as the data collection tool. The data were analyzed through both statistical and descriptive tools. The major findings of the study showed that formative assessments are used for teaching for providing the feedback to the students, to improve the teaching learning process, to inspire and motivate to students, as a tool to gage students’ progress, to promote quality assessment, to engage the students’ with their study. Moreover, it was perceived that use of formative assessment is beneficial to the students as well as teachers at secondary level in ELT classrooms; but it was also found that lack of the trained teachers, lack of collaboration, teachers’ weak desire, insufficient resources, unmanaged classroom, work load are some hindrances in ELT classroom. It is recommended that teachers are required to get training, active involvement, motivation for teachers and students, parents education, applying communicative techniques and regular follow up activities are some effective ways regarding appropriate and judicious use of formative assessment in ELT classrooms. This thesis has been divided into five chapters. The first chapter presents background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, and significance of the study and operational definitions of the key terms. Similarly, the second chapter is related to the review of theoretical literature, review of empirical literature, implications of the review for the study and conceptual framework. Likewise, third chapter deals with methods and procedures of the study under which design of the study, population, sample and sampling strategy, data collection tools, data collection procedures, analysis and interpretations of data. Similarly, the fourth chapter presents analysis and interpretations of data. The fifth chapter presents conclusion and implications of the study and finally references and appendices are included.Item Guided Writing Practices in Basic Level English Classes(Department of English Education, 2018) Giri, Tika RamThe study entitled Guided Writing Practices in Basic Level English Classeswas an attempt to find out practicesof the guided writing by the teachers for the basic levels students of government-aided schools. This study was based on the survey research design. The researcher collected data from both primary and secondary sources. For the primary data, the researcher selected tengovernment aided schools of Ramechhap district by using non-random sampling procedure. The observation checklists were employed as research tools for data collection. The study has focused on the major three activities such as paraphrasing, parallel writing and developing a skeleton into fuller writing and five practices of guided writing such as modeled writing, immediate guidance, self-correction, shared writing and interactive writing. This study focused on guided writing practices used by basic level English teachers and the researcher observed the classes of ten teachers and 3 classes of each teacher in grade seven and eight. Most of the teachers didn’t use the techniques of guided writing and the study has found the major activities that they used as poor in their teaching. They involved in the traditional ways of teaching writing activities. The guided writing practices such as immediate guidance, self correction, modeled writing, shared writing and interactive writing activities weren't focused by the teachers. This thesis comprises five chapters. The first chapter deals with introduction thatconsists of general background, objectives and significance of the study. The second chapter reviews the theoretical and empirical literatures, implications of the review for the study and conceptual framework. The third chapter deals with the methodology used in the study: the sources of data, (both primary and secondary) sample population and sampling procedure, tools for data collection, process of data collection and limitations of the study. The fourth chapter consists of analysis and interpretation of the data to find out the techniques used by the teachers while teaching writing skills at lower secondary level. The collected data were analyzed and interpreted by using frequency distribution table. The fifth chapter presents the findings derived from the analysis and the interpretation of the data. It also suggests some recommendations on the basis of the findings. The final section of the study includes the references and appendices.Item Learning Strategies Adopted by Majhi Learners in Learning English Language(Department of English Education, 2018) Rai, ManishaThe present study entitled Learning Strategies Adopted by Majhi Learners in Learning English Language is carried out to find out the different strategies adopted by Majhi students while learning the English language. A qualitative research design was used to carry out this research. In this study, three Majhi students were selected purposively as a sample and sampling population. Observation checklist and keeping diary were used as research tools. The data collection observation checklist and keeping diary were analyzed descriptively using simple statistical tools. From the analysis and interpretations of the results, it was found that Majhi students adopted the learning strategies repeatedly and continuously to learn English. Sometime the Majhi students became confuse and hesitate to adopt learning strategies in communicating process. The Majhi students often like to involve in group and pair work discussion rather than self doing activities, but in that learning activities it was found that all the Majhi students mostly influenced of their mother tongue in uttering dialogue and reading English text. This study consists of five chapters. The first chapter deals about general introduction and background of the study, statement of the problems, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definitions of the key terms. The second chapter deals with review of the related theoretical and empirical literature, implications of the review for the study and conceptual framework. Chapter three consists of design and methodology of the study, population, sample and sampling strategies, sources of data, data collection tools and techniques and data collection procedures. Chapter four includes analysis and interpretation of the result and findings of the results. The final chapter deals with conclusion and recommendations for policy related, practice related and further research related level and it has followed the references and appendixes.Item Learning Strategies Used by Language Learners in English(Department of English Education, 2011) Dhital, TulashiThe purpose of the present research entitled “Learning Strategies Used by Good Language Learners in English” was to find out the Learning Strategies Used by the S.L.C. distinction holders. The researcher selected two private colleges from Kathmandu district to collect the data. They were Don Bosco Higher Secondary School and Nobel Academy. For the study, the researcher selected sixty students. The researcher applied both primary (i.e. responses of the S.L.C. distinction holders in English subject or good language learners in English) and secondary sources of data ( i.e. books, articles, dictionary etc.). The researcher used a set of questionnaire as a tool for data collection. She applied non-random purposive sampling procedure to select colleges, faculties and respondents. On the basis of the collected data, each of the strategies employed by the good language learners in English were determined using simple statistical tools like percentage and presented with the help of tables. It was found that distinction holders used different strategies to learn four language skills i.e. listening, speaking, reading, writing and four language aspects i.e. vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation and language function and to enhance their English language learning. This research work encompasses four chapters. The first chapter deals with introduction which entails general background of the study, review of the related literature, objectives of the study, significance of the study and definitions of the specific terms. The second chapter deals with the methodology part. It includes sources of data, sample and sampling procedure, tools for data collection, process of data collection and limitations of the study. The third chapter consists of analysis and interpretation of raw data which were collected from the two colleges. The fourth chapter presents the findings derived from the analysis and interpretation of collected data. It also provides some recommendations on the basis of findings. The final section of the study entails the references and appendices.Item Multiple Translation of 'Kartabya': A Study from Cultural Perspective(Department of English Education, 2008) Acharya, GopalThe thesis entitled Multiple Translation of 'Kartabya': A Study from Cultural Perspective is an attempt of the researcher to discover the effective techniques used in translating cultural terms. The study aims at evaluating the techniques along with their strengths and weaknesses so that it can help to consolidate all the concerned who are related to Nepali-English language-pair translation in one or another way. The six translated versions of the story 'Kartabya' are analyzed to findout the techniques used in translating cultural words along with their frequency of occurrence. It is found that fifteen different techniques have been used, however, there is no observable pattern in the use of techniques in multiple translation. The selection of technique is influenced by the cultural color of words and the position of the items in the texts. The techniques having the highest frequencies of occurrence are found generally, more effective in rendering the message of source text in the target language. But, this is not applicable in all the cases and contexts. The thesis is divided into four chapters: Introduction; Methodology; Analysis and Interpretation; and Finding and Recommendations. The first chapter contains general background, literature review, objectives and the significance of the study. The second chapter contains the methodology, in which the sources of data, sampling procedures, tools for data collection, process of data collection and the limitation of the study are discussed. In the same way, the third chapter includes analysis and interpretation of the data obtained. Finally, the fourth chapter contains the findings and recommendations of the study along with some pedagogical implications.Item Passivization in English and Tharu : A Comparative Study(Faculty of English, 2011) Chaudhary, DhirendraThe thesis entitled “Passivization in English and Tharu: A Comparative Study” is an attempt to identify the process of passivization in Tharu language and to compare and contrast that with English. The researcher used both primary and secondary sources of data. The sample population of the study consists of 60 Tharu native speakers who were selected using stratified random sampling procedure to elicit the required data of passivization in Tharu, but for English it was taken from secondary sources. A set of interview schedule was prepared for illiterate and literate in formats but a set of questions (questionnaires) were for the educated ones. Those who were unable to read and write were considered as Illiterate. Similarly, the people having academic qualification below SLC were taken as literate and the population with academic qualification above S.L.C was assumed as educated ones. After collecting the data, it was analyzed, interpreted and then presented descriptively and comparatively with the help of tables, diagrams and illustrations. The major findings of the study are: 1. The passivization system between Tharu and English are different in almost all grammatical aspects. However, there are: – changing the form of pronouns – inserting the preposition ‘by’ in English and post-position se in Tharu. – omitting subjects if they are irrelevant, unknown or obvious. 2. The construction of the VP of the active sentence is changed into the passive construction in accordance with the following rules. VP (Act)→ stem (aspect)- Tense-Agr. VP (Pass) → stem +PM (-l) aspect – Tense (Agr.) 3. Only the constructions with imperfective (simple/progressive) aspect are passivized in Tharu. All aspects except imperfective progressive are passivized in English. The thesis consists of four chapters. Chapter One deals with introduction. It consists of general background, review of the related literature, objectives of the study, significance of the study and definition of the specific terms. Chapter Two deals with methodology. It encompasses sources of data, sample population and sampling procedure, research tools, processes of data collection and limitation of study. Chapter Three deals with analysis and interpretation of the data. It comprises rules of passivization in English and Tharu, and the processes of passivization between Tharu and English. Chapter Four encompasses findings, recommendations and pedagogical implications.Item Perception and Practice of E-Resources in EIT by Novice and Experienced Teachers(Department of English Education, 2015) Sapkota, Santi PrasadThis research entitled "Perception and Practices of e-resources in ELT by Novice and Experienced Teachers at Government aided schools in the Kathmandu District".I used both primary and secondary sources of data in this study. I purposively selected twenty secondary schools and forty secondary level novice and experienced English teachers from Kathmandu district using non random judgmental sampling procedure. After developing rapport,questionnaire for data collection were given. The secondary sources of data such as:books, journals and internet were used in the study. I analyzed and interpreted data collected through questionnaire by using simple statistical tools to present the result. Regarding the access to e-resources of teachers,they used audio/video conferencing, computer,mobile phone, google and e-mail sometimes. The major findings of the study was that 36.25%novice teachers out of 100% and 31% experienced teachers out of 100% practiced in the use of different e-resources in ELT and 63.75% novice and 69%experienced teachers out of 100% did not practice in the use of different e-resources in ELT process.The perception of novice and experienced teachers towards the use of e-resources in ELT in their own words"e-resources are important because it helps the teachers to teach authentic, updated knowledge as well as helps the teachers to motivate their students towards the teaching learning activities." This thesis consists of five chapters. Chapter one deals with introduction of use of e-resources and background and context, statement of the problems,rationale of the study, objective of the study, research questions or hypothesis,significance of the study, delimitations of the study, operational definition of the key terms. Chapter two deals with the review of the related literature,implication of the study, and theoretical and conceptual framework, Chapter three deals with design of the study, population of the study, sampling procedure, data/information collection tools, data/information collection procedures, and data analysis and interpretation through questionnaire which x were presented qualitatively in a narrative way with description and quantitative data were analyzed with the help of appropriate statistical tool sand table. Chapter four includes results, and discussion/interpretation of the data. Chapter five deals with summary, conclusion, implications.It also further deals with some recommendations stimulated on the basis of the findings derived, and pedagogical implications are also suggested.Similarly, this section also includes how this study is applicable in the policy level, practice level and other further research.Item Proficiency in the Use of Degree of Adjectives(Faculty of English Education, 2012) Bhattarai, Bishnu PrasadThe research work entitled Proficiency in the Use of Degree of Adjectives aims at finding out the proficiency level of the students in the use of degree of adjectives and compare their proficiency in terms of items, school and sex. The sample population of the study consisted of 96 students from grade eight of Syangja district. For that, four different schools (two public and 2 private) were selected purposively. Twenty four students (12 boys and 12 girls) from each school were selected on the basis of simple random sampling procedure. A set of test-items was prepared on the basis of grade eight English text-book and other grammar books. The data, thus obtained, were marked and tabulated very systematically. Then, analysis and interpretation were done on the basis of the tabulated data in accordance with the set objectives. Finally, some recommendations were made on the basis of the findings derived from the analysis and interpretation of the data and the researcher's own opinion. The overall proficiency of the students in the use of degree of adjectives was found satisfactory. The students in private schools were found better than the students in public schools. The boys were slightly more proficient than the girls in total. The girls were found better than the boys in public schools where as the boys were found better than the girls in private schools. Similarly, the boys of private schools were found better than the boys in public schools. The girls of private schools performed far better than the girls of public schools. The students of Chirag Higher Secondary Boarding School were found to be more proficient than the students of others. The present thesis is divided into four chapters: Introduction, Methodology, Analysis and Interpretation, and Findings and Recommendations. The first chapter encompasses of general background, introduction to adjectives, review of related literature, objectives and significance of the study. Similarly, the second chapter deals with the methodology adopted to carry out this research. It contains the source of data (both primary and secondary), population of the study and sample population, sampling procedure, tools for data collection, pilot test, process of data collection and limitations of the study. Likewise, the third chapter deals with analysis and interpretation of data. This chapter consists of four parts: analysis of the overall proficiency in degree of adjectives, item wise analysis of the overall proficiency, comparison of the overall proficiency of different sexes both within and between the public and private schools and schoolwise comparison of the total proficiency. The fourth chapter presents the findings and recommendations with the analysis and interpretation of data carried out in chapter three. The final part of the thesis includes references and appendices.Item Sampang Rai and English Pronominals: A Comparative Study(Department of English Education, 2007) Rai, NanumatiThis thesis entitled ‘Sampang Rai and English Pronominals: A comparative Study’ seeks to compare and contrast the pronominal systems of the Sampang Rai and English languages. In the present research work data were collected from both primary and secondary sources: The native speakers of the Sampang Rai language and the different books, theses, journals and magazines. For the present research 30 informants were selected from the three VDCs of Khotang district. Among the informants of this study; 10 were educated, 12 were literate and the rest of 9 were illiterate. On the basis of collected data personal, possessive and reflexive pronouns were categorized under three Categories: 1st, 2nd and 3rd person in both languages. Finally, the existence of inclusive and exclusive pronoun for the first person personal, possessive and reflexive pronouns in dual and plural numbers were found in the Sampang language which English language lacks in. The Sampang personal, possessive and reflexive pronouns were categorized into three numbers: singular, dual and plural whereas English personal, possessive and reflexive pronouns were categorized under two numbers: singular and plural. The main findings of the research are as: separate third person singular personal pronouns for male; female and neutral were found in English whereas only two third person personal pronouns were found in the Sampang .i.e. ‘kho’ for male / female and ‘nαkα’ for neutral. This thesis consists of four major chapters: Chapter one presents general background, review of the related literature, objective of the study, significance of the study and definition of specific terms. Chapter two deals with the methodology and encompasses sources of the data, sampling procedure, research tools, process of data collection and limitation of the study. Chapter three presents the analysis and interpretation of the data. The data has been analyzed on the basis of the following points: Personal pronouns Possessive pronouns Interrogative pronouns Reflexive pronouns Demonstrative pronouns Relative pronouns Chapter four incorporates finding, recommendations and pedagogical implications of the study.Item Student's perception on exam-oriented materials(Department of English Education, 2019) Khanal, Lal PrasadThis thesis entitled Students’ Perception on Exam Oriented Materials was carried out to identify the perception of students on exam oriented printed materials available in the market, and to suggest some pedagogical implications. The study was limited to only 12 urban and rural campuses of Syangja district. In order to collect data, closed ended question and open ended questions were prepared. The researcher sampled 60 students from twelve Bachelor campuses through purposive/judgmental non random sampling procedure using questionnaire as a research tool. On the basis of the collected data, students’ perceptions were analyzed using simple statistical tools such as charts, tables as number and percentage. The findings depict the mixed perception of the students. From the collected data, It was found that 43.34% students used authentic materials, 58.34% dissatisfied with the quality of information ,58.33% consulted those materials, 41.66% studenss found them useful for exam preparation.Moreover, 63.33% of them were found using such materials to identify the ways of starting and ending of questions. But the students were not satisfied with the quality of the materials i.e. typing, printing and paper quality, completeness of information and authenticity of information. The students suggested their friends to consult authentic materials rather to depend upon guess papers and guides; and they suggested writers and producers of the materials to improve the level of standard although majority of the students were against the role of guides and guess papers on students’ exam preparation. This thesis comprises of five chapters. The chapter one deals with introduction which consists of background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definitions of the key terms. The chapter two deals with the review of theoretical and empirical literatures, implication of the review for the study and conceptual framework. The chapter three deals with methods and procedures of the study. It consists of design and method of the study, population ; sample and sampling strategy , study area/field data collection tools and techniques and data analysis and interpretation procedures. The chapter four incorporates the analysis of data and interpretation of results and summary of findings.The chapter five consists of conclusions and recommendations. In the final section of the study references and appendices are included.Item A Study on the Translation of the Novel "Shirishko Phool"(Faculty of Education, 2011) Tiwari, Kul PrasadThe main purpose of this thesis entitled "A Study on Translation of the Novel Shirishko Phool" is to evaluate the translation of the novel in terms of sentence types, negation and the sentence synthesis and analysis procedure. The data for study were collected from both Nepali and English versions of the novel by using non-random judgmental random sampling procedure while evaluating the novel in terms of formal sentence structure, the sentences were divided into simple, compound and complex types. Likewise in functional aspect, the sentences were grouped into simple, compound and complex types likewise in functional aspect, the sentences were grouped into assertive, interrogative, exclamatory imperative and optative types. In this study the researcher found that simple sentences and assertive sentences had the higher frequency in translation. And both ST and TT had more affirmative sentences than negative sentences. In this study the single sentences of ST were found to have been translated being two or more sentences and vice versa. This study has been divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the study in terms of general background, literature review, objectives of the study, significance of the study and the definition of key terms. The second chapter is an account of methodology, which includes source of data, sampling procedure tools for data collection, process of data collection and limitation of the study. Likewise, the third chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of the data by using some statistical tools to make the study objective and accurate. Chapter four presents the finding of the study on the basis of analysis and interpretation of data. On the basis of findings some recommendations and pedagogical implications are drawn. The reference and appendix are the concluding parts of the study.