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Item Gastro Intestinal Helminth Parasites in Stray and Pet Dogs of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal(Department of Zoology, 2022) Bhattarai, Govinda PrasadTo ascertain the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites of dogs in the Kathmandu valley from March to August 2021, a cross-sectional study was carried out. For the investigation, a total of 120 fecal samples were collected: 60 from stray dogs and 60 from pet dogs. Out of 60 stray dog samples, 20 were obtained from the ground right after stray dogs defecated on it throughout the morning, and the remaining 40 samples were collected in collaboration with the rescue team of Sneha's Dog Care Center in Lalitpur. In contrast, 20 samples of pet dogs were taken from the animals brought to the central referral veterinary hospital in Tripureswor, Kathmandu, 20 from the city veterinary hospital pvt.Ltd. Satdobato, Lalitpur, and the remaining 20 samples were obtained through personal contact with dog owners or visits to their homes. The samples were subjected to direct, sedimentation, and floatation microscopy examinations. The central veterinary hospital in Tripureswor, Kathmandu, is where the laboratory work was completed. According to the study, the total prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites is 27.5%, with stray dogs showing a higher prevalence (41.33%) than pet dogs (13.33%). Ancylostoma sp. (39.39%) showed the highest prevalence among the five helminth parasites that were identified in this study, followed by Taenia sp. (24.24%), Ascaris sp. (15.15%), Toxocara sp. (12.12%), and Trichostrongylus sp. (9.09%). However, only three helminth parasites were discovered in canine companions, with Ancylostoma sp. (6.66%) having a greater infection rate than Ascaris sp. (3.33%) and Taenia sp. (1.66%). In both stray and pet dogs, the age-based prevalence revealed higher frequency in dogs older than five years old than adult dogs and puppies. Male dogs (24.63%) had a lower overall sex prevalence than female dogs (31.37%). However, it was discovered that pet dogs, both male and female, were each afflicted. Dogs were more likely to have helminth parasites in Kathmandu, Lalitpur, and Bhaktapur districts than other areas. In this study, local breed stray dogs had higher helminth parasite infection rates than mixed breed dogs. In this investigation, it appears that helminth parasites are not present in the German shepherd and German retriever breeds.Item Haemoparasites in pet and shelter dogs of Kathmandu Valley(Department of Zoology, 2022) Acharya, UmeshHaemoparasitic infections in dog are a significant economic burden worldwide but have received less attention than that of rabies. Present study was carried out in shelters and pet dogs from March to August 2021 in Kathmandu valley. Purposive sampling was carried out to take a blood samples from shelter and pet dogs irrespective of age sex and breed. About 3 ml of blood was collected in a clean ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) tube from a saphenous, cephalic, or jugular vein with the help of veterinary technicians. Altogether 200 blood samples from dogs were collected. Among them, 100 blood samples were collected from shelter home Lalitpur (Sneha’s care) and 100 blood samples were collected from domestic dogs, which were brought to Central referral animal hospital Tripureshwor. All the information like owners' name, address, sex of dogs, age of dogs, breed of dogs were taken. Similarly, presence and absence of tick in dogs was also noted. Hematological analysis was performed to complete blood counts using haematology analyzer. A thin blood smear was prepared for the examination of haemoparasites. Data were analyzed in SPSS software to test significance. A total of three species of haemoparasites, Babesia, Anaplasma, and Ehrlichia sp. were recorded in this study. Pet dog’s parasitic prevalence was recorded at 18%. Among them, male dogs were found to be the higher prevalence (11%) followed by females (7%). Similarly, shelter dogs showed a 31% of prevalence. Among them, 21% of males and 10% of females were affected by haemoparasites. The age, sex, and breed of the dogs found to have no statistically significant effect on the prevalence of haemoparasites. However, significant difference was noted between ticks-infected dogs with haemoparasitic prevalence. Hematological analysis revealed a significant decrease in red blood cell count (P<0.05) in Parasite-positive dogs. However, other blood parameters like platelets, packed cell volume, haemoglobin, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophil and basophils were not found to be correlated in haemoparasites in both shelter and pet dogs. Hence, dogs of Kathmandu valley need to treat haemoparasites regularly in order to break the transmission chain.