Browsing by Subject "Philosophy"
Now showing 1 - 20 of 23
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Ambivalent Political Position in Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss: A Rhetorical Study(Central Department of English, 2016) Joshi, BimaThis research work examines canons of rhetoric in Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss by applying theoretical frame based on Steven Lynn’s rhetorical strategies. The researcher explores the rhetorical strategies such as invention, arrangement, style, memory and delivery, in framing a discourse on Indians’ loss of human dignity and cultural values. In Desai’s novel, her use of regional varieties of languages and handling of code mixing in multilingual communicative contexts becomes the major tool of representing ambivalent and hierarchical political condition of the then society. The writer’s own experience as a migrant and her cultural memory gives her writing an authenticity to be an example of the humiliating experiences Indian migrants face in west. In the same way, painful cultural memory of humiliation of Indians from colonial to the post-colonial era, results in the dissatisfaction of her audience from the imaginary, idealized illusion of west indicating the hope of new Indian reality based on their own culture and identity. The return of migrant character, Biju, to India, puts the impetus of the writer in action and the novel has been rendered as the declaration that the imposter west of the reality has to be brought out of the imaginarily romanticized garb of Indian perception. Desai, with her handling of rhetorical devices in her novel, has created an ambivalent political position from which the delivery of the discourse becomes effective. It disrupts the authority of the colonizer over the colonized. Precisely, this present thesis explores the Desai’s choice of rhetorical devices, her targeted audience and her argument in the novel.Item Critique of the Response to Terrorism in Recent Bollywood Films(Central Department of English, 2017) Poudel Chhetri, KapilWith the attack on the Twin Towers and Pentagon, on what has come to be known as 9/11, the study of terrorism has received considerable valorization. In contemporary times, terrorism has come to be closely associated with the religion Islam. It is being accused for initiating terrorism and all Muslims are seen by the West as sympathizers or supporters of terrorists. This research helps in understanding the politics and dynamics behind this hostility through a study of recent Bollywood films on the subject matter of terrorism. The films New York, My Name Is Khan and Shoot On Sight are made from a non-Western point of view where the voices of Muslims like Sameer Shaikh, Rizwan Khan and Tariq Ali, who are the protagonists need to be heard. The scourge of terrorism has to be nipped in the bud by all concerned stake holders in a tactful manner with a high degree of responsibility. But the counter-terrorism drive by the West in general and America in particular, as this dissertation argues, is not being conducted with a sense of responsibility. The counter-terrorism measures themselves have become the cause of the outbreaks of terrorist incidents. Therefore, through the films under discussion, it makes the people in the West take notice that all Muslims are not terrorists, while also finding resonance among Muslims in the Islamic world.Item Discourses of Multicultural Co-existence: A Comparative Study of Partitions, and River of Fire(Central Department of English, 2016) Baral, Tanka RajThis dissertation compares and contrasts the discourses of multicultural co-existence in Partitions, a novel by an Indian writer Kamleshwar and River of Fire, by QurrutulainHyder. With reference to the evidences from these fictions on partition of India, the researcher comes to find out that Kamleshwar’s novel valorizes the idea of hindutva embedded in Indian secularism as a correct way to heal the present ethnic and religious unrest, while Hyder’s vision of multicultural co-existence upholds the concept of cosmopolitanism. So, Hyder’s notion of nationhood is broader and more democratic. In this regard, the researcher opines that contemporary version of Indian secularism which presupposes a hierarchy between and among the citizens, cannot be an effective means to bring about peaceful co-existence in the present day India. In comparison to it, the thought of cosmopolitanism, which dismantles all the hierarchies among people, and welcomes every person from anywhere of any belonging without any constraints, can be an apt way to maintain peace in a multi-cultural nation like India.Item Environmental Imaginings in Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass, and P.B. Shelley's Prometheus Unbound(Central Department of English, 2017) Panday, GhanshyamThe major thrust of this research is to trace the sense of unity between man and nature in most of romantic poems of Whitman and Shelley give rise to the anthropocentric viewpoint. The trend to mystify nature dismisses sometimes the crucial necessity to realize how she is reciprocally related to mankind. Any excessive romanticization of nature occasionally keeps at bay the vital importance of decoding symbiotic oneness between nature and mankind. In most of the poems of Whitman and Shelley including "Mont Blanc" and "Sensitive Planet", the idealization of nature minimizes the urgent need to redefine and recode the subtlety of man-nature relation. If environmental imaginings do not lead to the urgent process of redefining lopsided man-nature relation, it may not be effective in forestalling the looming threat of ecological apocalypse. There is no one answer to what the grass is. But Whitman indicates that it is possibly an emblem of the individual’s mood or psychology. It is a symbol of the divine presence in everyday life. It is a figure of innocence and rebirth, reproduction and recreation, and above all the sign of a radical egalitarianism of humankind. The figure of the grass itself conveys how this vision of divine equality relates to Whitman’s emphasis on the individual’s relationship to a whole. Grass usually refers to a mass that is at once a distinct, undifferentiated whole. This whole stands for the holistic sense of whole that incorporates nature and man.Item Hemingway as a War Novelist: Pessimism in The Sun Also Risesand a Farewell to Arms(Department of English, 2006) Dhital, Chhatra ManiThe Sun Also Risesand A Farewell to Armsidentify modern world’s rootless ridge, world war and its destruction, and frustrated worldview, where spirituality is defeated in surge of the materialism leading towards the pessimistic dread. Hemingway explores doomed way of human psyche and dark side of human life. He finds victory is less important than ruin, and brighter side of life does not remain when the dark side of life becomes stronger. His heroes-Jake Barnes and Frederic Henry-are the victims of dark side of life, so they find their life always pessimistic. Most of Hemingway’s literary career is intern into the war literature–the quest of peace in war, search of devoid of violence, and regain of exquisite beauty. There is no heyday nor glory but only mortification and humiliation in the heroes who are battlefield soldiers in his novel. His heroes’ heart always echoes for human happiness but nowhere finds the repletion peace. This unnecessary violence of war and death of human being creates pain and anguish into the heroes’ life, which makes them pessimistic. Because of the death of human beings, even the death of the colleagues, their own disabled condition, great depression, and prevailing hopelessness in the war period, Jake Barnes and Frederic Henry become disdained.Item History as a site of contestation in 'The Red Year' and 'Mangal Pandey'(Central Department of English, 2016) Lamsal, OmkarThis thesis explores an issue that historiography is a site of contestation based on the discussion of ‘The Red Year’ and ‘Mangal Pandey’, documentary and movie respectively. Both of these texts are about the same historical event, the Bengal Mutiny. The first one is produced by an English director, whereas the other one is a production of Indian cinema producers.Borrowing critical concepts from new historicists mainly Michael Foucault and Hayden White, this research explores how the first text still uses the partly colonial attitude towards the historical event that the Great Britain as colonizer was responsible for the event. On the other hand, the second text regards the historical event as the rise of Indian independence.The researcher has found that reading the history of the Bengal Mutiny is a contradictory subject as there are multiple perspectives to evaluate the particular event of history. One can find multiple narratives of the historical situation. Observing from a certain ideological point of view one can derive a certain meanings, while observing through other lenses meanings can be the other way round.Thus, the main purpose of this research is to show how the event of Bengal Mutiny cangive multiple meanings, looking through political, cultural, social, religious as well as historical point of view in connection to Indian Patriotism on the one hand and the event observed through the eyes of European norms and values such as in Tracy’s, ‘The Red Year’, embedded with colonial perspective on the other.Item Human Connectedness in Don Delillo Falling Man and in Jonathan Safran Foer Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close(Central Department of English, 2015) Khatri Chhetri, Hari BahadurUnlike the general line that postmodern literature is anti-humanistic and inimical to human solidarity, this dissertation through its critical scrutiny of two 9/11 novels—Don DeLillo’s Falling Man and Jonathan Safran Foer’s Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close—argues that postmodern novelistic responses to the terror attacks of 9/11 show a paradigm shift towards human compassion and human connectedness. The shift frames the idea of solidarity not just within specific cultural, gendered or ethnic backgrounds, but addresses the ability for that solidarity to engage in a global unification of human understanding—a cosmopolitanism-type notion of solidarity. This away-postmodern discourse demonstrates that a white, male, American narrative can transcend being culturally specific and become universally human specific by purposefully exploring what it means to be human today. The away-postmodern discourses emphasizes on the ability to feel connectivity and to feel love by demonstrating the need for exploring the human, for engaging in a sense of solidarity and for emphasizing the need for feelings of compassion. Mainly this dissertation focus on Marxist, Feminist as well as Polish solidarity.Item Humanistic Catholicism in Graham Greene’s The Power and the Glory, The End of the Affair and A Burnt-out Case(Central Department of English, 2018) Saud, Umesh SinghThis dissertation analyses three of Graham Greene’s novels, namely The Power and the Glory, The End of the Affair and A Burnt-out Case to show how Greene, through his novels, promotes humanistic Catholicism and provides a sharp critique of Christian dogmas and beliefs. He tries to replace abstract God by putting humans at the centre. His attitude towards strict religious doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church is critical. For him serving humans is the true essence of religion. However, Greene equally puts emphasis on restoring faith in God and spirituality. Through his novels he promotes the view that no humans can fully understand and live life without faith in God. Moreover, his novels redefine the concept of suffering, sin, love, redemption, sacrifice and hatred. Through characters like whiskey Priest, Sarah and Querry, Greene shows that every human either it be a morally corrupt priest, unfaithful wife or an atheist, he/she can achieve spiritual redemption through love, compassion and sacrifice. The final finding of this dissertation is that Greene’s continuous conflict between secular self and religious self put him in ambivalent position.Item Identity Crisis in Diasporic Writing: Critical Reading of Wide Sargasso Sea and Breath, Eyes, Memory(Central Department of English, 2016) Chaulagain, YashodaThe present study explores the question of diaspora and identity crisis of Caribbean during the post-colonial era reflected in the novels Wide Sargasso Sea and Breath, Eyes, Memory by Jean Rhys and Edwidge Danticat respectively. In an appreciation of the major issue that how the diaspora personality of Caribbean community face the identity crisis, the study shed lights on how the diasporic sensibility revolves between the spatial and temporal location. Both writers portray the characters Antoinette and Sophie, struggling in contact land to get homeliness and identity. Antoinette suffers from a split identity and searches for a place of belonging with her mixed heritage which is both Caribbean and European. Likewise, Sophie struggles in America, a host country lacking proper language to communicate in English speaking community. She is diaspora in New York, lives in-between the place, Haiti and Brooklyn, America searching belonging. She is not satisfied having material possession in the country - America, rather she longs for homeland, Haiti. The writers portray the characters Antoinette and Sophie who undergo identity crisis and they live their lives in trauma in the island and the host country due to diaspora. Both of these characters have a sense of nostalgia, isolation and displacement. This sense of not belonging somewhere makes their life diasporic they have suffered from. Moreover, the main purpose of this research is to investigate how diaspora people have sense of longing for their homeland as shown in Wide Sargasso Sea and Breath, Eyes, Memory. In both novels, writers have constructed Sophie and Antoinette struggling for (imaginary) homeland and the novel exposes the unsuccessful attempts to recover the unhomliness despite having home due to their hybrid identity.Item Inflection in Diasporic Formation through Gender and Sexuality in Amy Tan's The Kitchen God's Wife and Jhumpa Lahiri's The Lowland(2017) Acharya, Krishna PrasadAmy Tan's The Kitchen God's Wife and Jhumpa Lahiri's The Lowland share a common platform of critical analysis. Winnie, Helen, and Pearl in The Kitchen God's Wife, and Subash, Gauri, Bela, and Meghna in The Lowland are the representative figures of the Asian American dispora. Their plight is the plight of inflection in diasporic formation through gender and sexuality. Therefore, the conventionalized nation of diaspora has been redrawn from the perspective of inflection through gender and sexuality. The way Winnie, Helen, and Pearl gain their inflected diasporic identity has an analoguous resonance with the way Subash, Gauri, Bela, and Meghna are bound to manufacture the similar identity of an inflected diaspora through gender and sexuality. Thus, this dissertation has aimed at bringing the issue of inflection in diasporic formation through gender and sexuality - particularly with the critical analysis of Amy Tan's The Kitchen God's Wife and Jhumpa Lahiri's The Lowland - to the forefront of academic, theoretical, and literary discussion.Item Integration of the Normans with the Saxons in Sir Walter Scott’s Ivanhoe(Central Department of English, 2010) Aryal, Churamaniresearch paper explores hostility between the noble Saxons and the brutal Normans followed by integration in Sir Walter. The situation of the Saxons was troublesome, unbearable and completely suffocated. Scott’s Ivanhoe. Scott’s novel chronicles the medieval events, characters and settings in a realistic mode of fictional representation. After Norman Conquest, the power had completely been shifted in the hands of the Normans. The whole race of the loyal and honest Saxons were disinherited and subjugated under the Norman political influence Dramatically, the marriage between the Saxon Norman Ivanhoe and the Saxon heiress Rowena reconciles the difference between the two hostile races leading to lasting peace and resolution. The Ivanhoe- Rowena marriage not only contributes to the formation of order but also accelerating prosperity and fraternity in England in the Middle Ages. Scott,by exemplifying this integration, wants to form and accelerate the analogous type of national integration and fraternity among the Scotts and English in the Romantic period where there was extreme domination and exploitation over the Scotts by the English. Moreover, Ivanhoe, more than a literary landmark,is a memorable narrative of a national myth: the synthesis of England from the Norman and the Saxon race which is set entirely in England with historical setting of the late twelfth century. This research analyses Ivanhoe through the perspective of the theory of historical fiction posited by Lukacs. The analysis reveals that Scott’s emphasis on integration is typical of the need for national integration during the Romantic era when the British society was in disharmony due to the conflict between the Scotts and the English.Item Kauda Fold Dance: A Study of the Changes of Its Urban Performance(Central Department of English, 2016) Sharma, Yuva RajIn Nepal, the folk performances from stage to screen retrace a link from the country t the city, a circular movement of visual arts from the indigenous folk tradition to the world of popular culture. Popular among Gurungs and Magars in the western Nepal, folk dance, kaura is often performed at entertainment houses on hills and stages in theaters in cities, which have been promoted in films and television programs in recent decades. In recent years, the folk dance kaura in bars and hotels connect economics and culture, work and art, and country and city. In the past, folk performers on hills used to dance at nights after their daylong works; these days, professional dancers perform at clubs and hotels to entertain guests and visitors for their daily earnings. Nepal has a very rich tradition of folk dances. Every region manifests different cultural feature. Tanahun, the land of indigenous ethnic community, songs and folk dances, vividly depicts the life in its variegated color with joys and sorrows, ups and downs in melodious tunes. The present research work exposes the ways the indigenous ethnic performances become popular with economic interests and social functions. It retraces changes in folk dances when performed in restaurants, bars, colleges along with festivals, locally and abroad. What are the effects of the participation in community art? It also explicates how people’s leisure time activities, such as singing and dancing have been connected to their economic interests and indigenous lifestyles.Item Little Friend of all the World in Colonial Expedition: A Study of Rudyard Kipling’s Kim(Central Department of English, 2015) Baral, PawanThis study attempts to explore how Kipling simultaneously works in documenting Indian cultural landscape from the domineering vantage point of colonialism in Kim. This For that purpose, it uses the concepts of anthropologists such as Martyn Hammersley, Paul Atkinson, Dwight Conquergood , Peter Pels , Kirsty Williamson etc., and Kim’s critics like Edward Said, Don Randall, Phillip E. Wegner, Mehmet Ali Çelikel etc. It analyzes how Kipling operates in extracting and documenting cultural data from the field and how he creates imperialistic picture of Indian customs and manners due to his colonial outlook in documentation. He utilizes Kim and the Lama to explore Indian cultural landscape by putting them in a grand colonial expedition in the back drop of The Great Game. Leading them through many cultural settings, they become the means for the writer to explore rich cultural heritage of India. In the mean time Kipling, through his technically omniscient Anglo-Indian narrator, adds imperialistic color and glamour in his observation and recording of cultural information. This is especially obvious in the narrator’s derogatory remarks on Orientals and Asians in generalizing terms. In this sense, the study claims this text to sense ethnography cum colonialist writing though not in their purest sense. The thesis has been divided into four chapters. The first states the hypothesis, introduces ethnography, colonialism, shows the link between ethnography and colonialism and presents the crux of the study. The second situates ethnography in the text. The third practically analyzes how colonial and ethnographic drives of the writer operate together in the text. The last restates the arguments made in the hypothesis that the text evidences the writerly impulses of ethnography and colonialism.Item Maithil Women’s Feminine Attitude in Kohbar Painting: Poetics and Politics(Central Department of English, 2018) Yadav, Vijay KumarThe genre of partition literature in the 1940s amply records the historical role of women in India’s partition as exemplified by The Heart Divided. This dissertation argues that The Heart Divided contains a reflection on women and their relation to partition history in South Asian literature from the 1940s. The novel is an example of an early reflection on women and their relation to colonial Indian history because here one encounters a veritable constellation of women from all ends of the political sphere. The novel begins with the young Mohini and her support for a united India. Then there is Zohra, the communist Rajindar, Sughra and Najma, the woman who ends up marrying Habib. All of these women think and talk about contemporary politics and participate in the political developments of the 1930s and 1940s. This dissertation argues that The Heart Divided deals with the historical agency of women in colonial India in producing India’s partition and that this agency carries educated Muslim’s imaginings of Pakistan. For these women, the partition of India is a utopian vision for Pakistan pro-partition Muslims. That Mumtaz Shah Nawaz, as a woman, shows how young women in colonial India were actively involved in conversations and political activism about the formation of Pakistan is a far cry in partition literature which mostly textualizes the Indo-Pakistani experiencing of the trauma of the partition violence..Item Partition Violence and Refugee Experience in Chaman Nahal’s Azadi(Central Department of English, 2016) Sharma, SanjuThe present study downplays the recent cultural politics approach to Chaman Nahal’s Azadi. It attempts at concentrating on the refugee experience as obtaining in the novel. What makes this Sahitya Academy Prize winning novel in 1978 a partition classic, it is concluded, is its capturing of the specificity of the refugee experience. Lala Kanshi Ram’s experience of trauma results in a disintegration of his ego and a rupture in the continuity of being. He and others like him face a twin challenge: physical uprooting and psychic trauma. While the older generation seems to be succumbing under the weight of the psychological scar, the younger generations like Arun and Sunanda mature through the traumatic experience. They not only rediscover a sense of meaning but they also lead the older generations towards a path of recovery. The particular theory of Partition Violence and Refugee Experience comes from Miranda Alcock’s Refugee Trauma- the Assault on Meaning and Miriam George’s A Theoretical Understanding of Refugee Trauma. By thus dramatizing the delineation of the refugee trauma in Azadi, the thesis concludes that it is one great refugee novels.Item People’s War Trauma Narratives: A Study of Their Affective Economy(Central Department of English, 2016) Bist, Dipendra SinghThe dissertation studies four People’s War narratives ─ Palpasa Café, Forget Kathmandu An Elegy For Democracy, Sipahiki Swasni (A Soldier’s Wife), Stories of Conflict and War which show trauma rendition as a complex and fallible process and one inflected with cultural politics of emotion. Although the primary war narratives express trauma with varying degrees, a certain bent of mind of the writers plays a seminal role in determining the true representation of trauma and affect. The evocation of emotional response of the readers in war narratives is charged up with the ideological postulations of the writers. In light of trauma and affect theory of La Capra and Sara Ahmed respectively, the dissertation tries to unearth the way to trauma transference that helps acknowledge the traumatic plight of the victims. The dissertation brings forth the latent ideological conjectures of the writers to produce certain kinds of emotional reactions to the victimhood of the war victims. Giorgio Agamben’s ideas have also been brought to give a true picture of the victims and the narration of the writers. The research assumes that the measuring rods of trauma and affect theory applied to analyse Palpsa Café and Forget Kathmandu: An Elegy For Democracy frustrate the readers who do not find the requisites of trauma transference having been adopted in these narrative texts. On the contrary, these are clad with ideological underpinnings that make them be aligned with only a certain group of readers. The dissertation argues that Sipahiki Swasni and Stories of Conflict and War stand tall from the perspective of trauma transference and unprejudiced evocation of emotion for the true war victims.Item Responsibility to the Traumatised Other in Manto’s Partition Stories(Central Department of English, 2016) Rai, PurnimaThis dissertation concentrates on or analyses Sa’adat Hassan Manto’s partition stories that reflects or presents his humanism through the emphasis on responsibility to the Other, in this case, towards the traumatised partition victims. Furthermore, his partition stories present the realism of partition violence starkly but humanistically-morally rather than culturally-ethically. Drawing upon the theory of responsibility to the Other, this dissertation assumes that to be considered a good, true and authentic representation of communal violence, literature should be purged of all sentimentality of the writer and s/he should take the moral responsibility for all crimes and evils committed by giving agency to the traumatised victims, and Manto’s partition stories have these mentioned qualities. This dissertation draws upon Hannah Arendt and Emmanuel Levinas’s theory of responsibility to the Other, Jacques Derrida’s concepts such as “democracy to come,” “cosmopolitanism,” and “forgiveness;” and Giorgio Agamben’s concepts such as “Muselmann,” bare life, and agency. By drawing upon the mentioned theorists, this dissertation argues that Manto’s partition stories are true and authentic representation of macabre violence which invests the victims with the agency of their trauma; and projects him as a responsible writer and a true humanists, a champion of the human rights.Item Revisionist History of Australia in Peter Carey's Oscar and Lucinda and The True History of Kelly Gang(Central Department of English, 2016) Air, Gagan SinghhThis dissertation has tried to find out the exclusion in official Australian history which Peter Carey writes back through the writings of two novels Oscar and Lucinda & True History of Kelly Gang. The assumption is that those who have been excluded from the history are the marginalized sections of the Australian society - mostly the poor and the criminals who had been imported from Britain. The contention is that Peter Carey's historiography revision of Australian history is his attempt to write an inclusive history which gives voice to the voiceless. Their voice, the dissertation argues comes in the form of recognizing the contribution of the marginalized, poor and the erstwhile criminals in the making of modern Australia. Documented history of Australia does not represent inclusively but that is considered authentic in the eyes of officials. Peter Carey reconstructs the Australian history focusing its violence and hardship representing how aboriginals and importedItem Scampering Spaces: A Heterotopic Reading of Hanumandhoka Durbar Square(Central Department of English, 2015) Adhikari, MegharajThe Hanumandhoka Durbar Square (HDS) has been established as a monument in the history of Nepal. With time, the HDS changes and adapts. The dominant spatial action in the HDS utilizes the Heterotopias to isolate the objects, activities and individuals that are considered strange in order to maintain the originality and stability of the dominant art and cultural forms. Heterotopias help maintain the spatial stability as a self-organizing system. The HDS provides shifting sites of reflection and distance within the system that increases the capacity of the HDS to change and adapt over time. Therefore, a better understanding of modern heterotopia is essential for a better understanding of how the spaces like the HDS changes and adapts over time despite various interventions caused by the natural disasters like the earthquake. This research proposes and examines that scampering features of space utilize control mechanisms and maintain the originality of the spatial practice and its performativity in heterotopic forms. Conservation of the HDS as human property by UNESCO is just a safeguarding of the outer structure yet it cannot prevent the destructions and interventions. What remains intact and steady is the local people's contact with the HDS. The art, literature and the cultural performances are the vital forces to retain the memory of the space more than the UNESCO's conservation does. Hence, the public's contact with the HDS retains the original memory of the space despite of the realizedvarieties in it.The cultural understanding is employed to maintain the stability of the HDS. However, with time, there is evidence that the heterotopia itself will reconfigure in its present form due to various reasons like the natural disaster. Therefore, the spaces keep scampering in the HDS site.Item Slavery and Romantic Imagination in The History of Mary Prince and The Interesting Narrative of The Life of Olaudh Equiano(Central Department of English, 2015) Acharya, JagadishThis research is the study of two slave narratives by different writers from the perspective of romanticism. In the slave narratives, The History of Mary Prince, and The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudh Equiano, the pervading romantic notion of individual freedom appears to be the sole and whole cause of the rise of abolitionist movement. In the popular romantic discourses, the orientation towards individual freedom and critique of social as well as institutional restriction are emphasized. The romanticists’ vision of individual freedom and social reform pave the way for the abolition of slavery, servitude and bondage of social restriction. In The History of Mary Prince, the narrator is steadily aware of the value and significance of liberty even in the condition of extreme misery. Right from her childhood, when she sees other people struggling for freedom from slavery, she grows acutely aware of liberty. The torture and punishment which she receives from her different slave holders implant in her a firm sense of freedom from slavery. She tries her level best to earn her freedom but none of her slaver holder allows her to buy her freedom. Her contact with various free women who go to church takes her from the bondage of slavery to the sunshine of freedom. It is in the church that she meets several free citizens who educate her about her value and necessity of freedom. After marrying a free black man she becomes hopeful that one day she will ultimately get freedom. When Prince surveys nature, and various creatures enjoying freedom, she asks herself why she cannot enjoy freedom like other creatures. The same is the condition of Equiano. Equiano moves from one place to the other in the course of following whosoever master buys him. He sees many black slaves buying their freedom with the money they saved by working overtime in the plantations of other workers. Equiano gets plenty of money through trade and commerce with which he gets freedom from the clutch of slavery.