Browsing by Subject "Prevalence"
Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Gastrointestinal parasites of quail in Siddharthanagar, Rupandehi, Nepal(Department of Zoology, 2023) Kanauje, NiruQuails are primarily reared for meat and eggs which plays a key role in enhancing the economic status of local people. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of quail in Siddharthanagar, Rupandehi, Nepal. A total of 150 fecal samples of quail including 65 from young and 85 from adults were collected from December 2021 to May 2022. The examination of fecal samples was done by direct wet mount method and concentration methods (flotation and sedimentation technique) in the laboratory of Central Department of Zoology, Kritipur. The study found that 72.67% of the fecal samples were found positive for gastrointestinal parasites. Among identified GI parasites, Eimeria sp. (29.33%) was found to be the most prevalent parasite followed by Ascaridia sp. (21.33%), Heterakis sp. (16%), Capillaria sp. (12%), Strongyloides sp. (7.3%) and Raillietina sp. (4.6%). The prevalence rate of gastrointestinal parasites was found in young (78.46%) and in adults (68.23%) with no significant difference. Moreover, the study found that there was not significantly different between seasons, with an infection rate of 78.67% in winter and 66.67% in summer. Single parasitic infections were more common than double infection. The results indicate that quails are highly susceptible to gastrointestinal parasites and need to undertake preventive measures for controlling the risk of parasitosis in quail.Item Gastrointestinal parasites of turkey (Meleagris gallopavo Linnaeus, 1758) in Nagarjun turkey farm, Kathmandu, Nepal(2023) Kunwar, KabitaGastrointestinal (GI) parasites can affect poultry productivity by compromising its health. The study was conducted from December to June to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in turkey in the Nagarjun turkey farm, Kathmandu, Nepal. A total of 200 fecal samples, male turkeys (100) and female turkeys (100) were collected and preserved in a 2.5% potassium dichromate solution. These samples were examined microscopically by direct wet mount method and concentration methods viz. flotation technique and sedimentation technique, in the laboratory of Central Department of Zoology for detection of GI parasites. A total of 73.5% of turkeys were infected with one or more GI parasites. Six different parasitic genera were identified in turkey. Among the nematodes, Ascaridia sp. (26%), Capillaria sp. (17.5%) and Heterakis sp. (16.5%) were recorded. The cestodes were Hymenolepis sp. (10%) and Raillietina sp. (6.5%), while only Eimeria sp. (22.5%) was recorded as protozoa. The study revealed that female turkey (80%) had higher parasitic infection compared to male (67%). Statistically, the difference in sex-wise prevalence of GI parasite in turkey was found to be significant (χ2=4.338; P>0.05). Finding of this study shows that the prevalence of GI parasites of turkey was the highest during summer season (78%) and lowest in winter season (69%) with no statistical significant difference in between summer and winter season (χ2= 2.079; P>0.05). Single mode of infection was high revealing that maximum number of turkey was infected with single parasites with no significant differences in the prevalence of single and mixed infection (χ2= 0.250; P>0.05). Common parasites were detected from male and female turkeys because of their similar climate, food resources and environment. No any activities on the health care of turkeys regarding the GI parasites were found. Therefore, increasing awareness of regular anti-parasitic treatments for turkeys as well as other preventative and control measures is crucial.Item Haemoparasites in pet and shelter dogs of Kathmandu Valley(Department of Zoology, 2022) Acharya, UmeshHaemoparasitic infections in dog are a significant economic burden worldwide but have received less attention than that of rabies. Present study was carried out in shelters and pet dogs from March to August 2021 in Kathmandu valley. Purposive sampling was carried out to take a blood samples from shelter and pet dogs irrespective of age sex and breed. About 3 ml of blood was collected in a clean ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) tube from a saphenous, cephalic, or jugular vein with the help of veterinary technicians. Altogether 200 blood samples from dogs were collected. Among them, 100 blood samples were collected from shelter home Lalitpur (Sneha’s care) and 100 blood samples were collected from domestic dogs, which were brought to Central referral animal hospital Tripureshwor. All the information like owners' name, address, sex of dogs, age of dogs, breed of dogs were taken. Similarly, presence and absence of tick in dogs was also noted. Hematological analysis was performed to complete blood counts using haematology analyzer. A thin blood smear was prepared for the examination of haemoparasites. Data were analyzed in SPSS software to test significance. A total of three species of haemoparasites, Babesia, Anaplasma, and Ehrlichia sp. were recorded in this study. Pet dog’s parasitic prevalence was recorded at 18%. Among them, male dogs were found to be the higher prevalence (11%) followed by females (7%). Similarly, shelter dogs showed a 31% of prevalence. Among them, 21% of males and 10% of females were affected by haemoparasites. The age, sex, and breed of the dogs found to have no statistically significant effect on the prevalence of haemoparasites. However, significant difference was noted between ticks-infected dogs with haemoparasitic prevalence. Hematological analysis revealed a significant decrease in red blood cell count (P<0.05) in Parasite-positive dogs. However, other blood parameters like platelets, packed cell volume, haemoglobin, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophil and basophils were not found to be correlated in haemoparasites in both shelter and pet dogs. Hence, dogs of Kathmandu valley need to treat haemoparasites regularly in order to break the transmission chain.Item Prevalence of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa among the Indoor Patients of National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences and its Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile(Department of Microbiology, 2012) Rijal, DikchhaThe use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and immunosuppressive drugs, along with the availability of invasive procedures or instrumentations has led to the rise in patients with impaired immune defenses worldwide, thereby leading to an increase in nosocomial infections especially by Gram-negative organisms such as Pseudomonas. Thus a six month cross sectional study was undertaken with an objective to determine the hospital based prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinical specimens of suspected patients admitted for more than 48 hours at the National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences (NINAS) hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. A total of 1146 clinical specimens were collected from 301 inpatients and were identified by conventional microbiological method and antibiogram was performed by Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method and Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The overall prevalence of P. aeruginosa was 18.5% (212/1146) of which 28.8% (61/212) showed polymicrobial growth. The prevalence of P. aeruginosa was found to be highest in respiratory specimens (36.4% in sputum and 29.7% in tracheal specimens). Among the total 212 isolates, 48.6% (n=103) were from the patients of ICU and 51.4% (n=109) were from patients of Non ICU wards. Imipenem was found to be the most effective drug against most of the clinical isolates followed by Piperacillin/Tazobactum. Isolates exhibited maximum resistance to Cefepime (93.9%) followed by Cephotaxime (90.1%). The study showed statistically significant association (P<0.05) between the sex of the patients and infection status, while no association was found (P> 0.05) between the MDR isolates and the wards. The prevalence of Multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa was 85.4%. Most of MDR isolates were obtained from tracheal aspirates. The study showed alarming condition of MDR P. aeruginosa in the hospitalized patients indicating need of surveillance for MDR and timely intervention for control.Item “Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Jutpani V.D.C. Chitwan, Nepal”(Department of Zoology, 2013) Amgain, KapilTuberculosis (TB) is one of the major public health problems in the developing countries like Nepal. With the objective to determine the situation of TB in Jutpani VDC, the present study was carried out from the month of July 2012 to December 2012. During the study period, a total of 600 sputum samples from 200 TB suspected patients, 225 sputum samples from 75 family members of TB patient currently under DOTS and 117 sputum samples from 39 DOTS completed TB patients were collected and examined in the Laboratory of Jutpani Primary Health Center (PHC). Diagnosis was made after staining the sputum smear by Z-N staining method and examined under light microscope. A questionnaire survey of 57 PTB patients was done to access their knowledge, attitude and preventive practice for TB. Out of 200 TB suspected patients, 18 (9%) were found to be AFB positive. Among patients diagnosed as having Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB), higher number (55.56%) of males than females (44.44%) were found which was found to be statistically insignificant (2cal. = 0.4524, P<0.01). Highest prevalence of TB infection (36.89%) was found to be in the age group of 30-40 year. All family members (75) screening of the 16 PTB patients currently undergoing DOTS treatment were found sputum negative. Similarly, screening of DOTS completed PTB patients (39) of Jutpani VDC were also found to be negative. Prevalence of TB was found to be highest in Jutpani VDC in comparison to other VDC under Jutpani PHC. Majority of the patients had acceptable attitudes but the knowledge regarding cause, transmission, prevention of the tuberculosis was not adequate. So there is still a need to strengthen the knowledge of TB through mass media to public level.