Browsing by Subject "Pseudomonas aeruginosa"
Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Application of Bacteriophage in Nosocomial infection control, A new concept to disinfect Hospital environment(Department of Biotechnology, 2021) Upreti, HimaniIntroduction: Health care associated infections (HAIs) are one of the important public health problems which might result in significant rise in mortality and morbidity, predominantly in immune compromised patients of Intensive Care Unit (ICU). A study showed that in the Asian region, risks of HAIs have been estimated to be 2-20 times higher than in developed countries up to 25% of hospitalized patients having acquired infection (Ling et al., 2015) and also a report shows that in United States, roughly 9.2 out of every 100 patients acquire a nosocomial infection, according to Healthline and among them also some HAIs is quite serious and potentially life-threatening. The common bacteria causing nosocomial infections include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumanii, Enterococci etc. (Khan, Baig, & Mehboob, 2017). Therefore, disinfectants like alcohols, hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, amyl phenol, glutaraldehyde etc. are widely used in hospital to kill these organisms which cause NAs but sometimes these chemical disinfectants might be hazardous, irritants and toxic to us and environment. Among many alternatives, bacteriophage mediated bio-control of the pathogenic bacteria is considering as one of the best options. Our objective of the study is to isolate, identify the pathogenic bacteria from the hospital environment and evaluate the efficacy of newly isolated lytic bacteriophage to minimize the bacterial load on hospital fomites. Methodology: The study time period of this research was 6 months and, in this study, we isolated phage against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria collected from ICU of Teku hospital. Then most potent phage was characterized morphologically and Physiochemically. Burst size was obtained from one step growth curve. Intraspecific and interspecific host range was assessed by spot assay. During this research work, we used sterile fomite cloth pieces and marble tile as they are most potent sources were bacteria reside. Firstly, we contaminate the fomites and tiles with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria then after we used Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage to decontaminate those cloths and tile. Result: Altogether 16 bacterial strain, 4 Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 12 Staphylococcus aureus were confirmed by Gram staining and Biochemical test and among them 2 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains and 5 Staphylococcus aureus strains were found to be Carbapenem resistance and Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) respectively. Total six bacteriophages against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from different sewage samples. And one of the most potent phage P4 was characterized morphologically and physiochemically. Burst size of the phage was found to be 28 virions per bacterium. Protein profiling was done by SDS-PAGE where protein band between 20-250Kda were found and Phage P4 belongs to order Caudovirales and family Siphoviridae. Similarly, Phage was found to tolerate temperature of 70°C for 20 minutes, pH 3-12, exhibiting multiple host range as well. Decontamination assay was done on the sterile fabric cloth which showed that the P4 phage having MOI value 1 showed higher rate of decontamination with log reduction of 1 and p-value (0.002) i.e., significant. Further Comparison was done between P4 phage and normal disinfectant Phenol where we found that single phage has more disinfectant rate than phenol. xi Similarly, time period up to which bacteriophage can show their effectivity as disinfectant was also done and it showed highest level of effectivity up to 6 hours at MOI 1 with the CFU/ml log reduction of 1. Conclusion: The result from the present thesis reveals several characteristics of the bacteriophage (P4), for instance, effective lytic capability, multiple host range, and stability in wide range of pH and temperature. Higher rate of decontamination with the log reduction of 1 CFU/ml and p-value (0.002) was showed by P4 phage having MOI value of 1. While doing comparison single phage have more disinfectant rate than normal disinfectant & P4 phage can show its highest level of effectivity up to 6 hrs at MOI 1. Keywords: Nosocomial Infection, disinfectant, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacteriophage, decontaminationItem Prevalence of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa among the Indoor Patients of National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences and its Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile(Department of Microbiology, 2012) Rijal, DikchhaThe use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and immunosuppressive drugs, along with the availability of invasive procedures or instrumentations has led to the rise in patients with impaired immune defenses worldwide, thereby leading to an increase in nosocomial infections especially by Gram-negative organisms such as Pseudomonas. Thus a six month cross sectional study was undertaken with an objective to determine the hospital based prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinical specimens of suspected patients admitted for more than 48 hours at the National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences (NINAS) hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. A total of 1146 clinical specimens were collected from 301 inpatients and were identified by conventional microbiological method and antibiogram was performed by Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method and Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The overall prevalence of P. aeruginosa was 18.5% (212/1146) of which 28.8% (61/212) showed polymicrobial growth. The prevalence of P. aeruginosa was found to be highest in respiratory specimens (36.4% in sputum and 29.7% in tracheal specimens). Among the total 212 isolates, 48.6% (n=103) were from the patients of ICU and 51.4% (n=109) were from patients of Non ICU wards. Imipenem was found to be the most effective drug against most of the clinical isolates followed by Piperacillin/Tazobactum. Isolates exhibited maximum resistance to Cefepime (93.9%) followed by Cephotaxime (90.1%). The study showed statistically significant association (P<0.05) between the sex of the patients and infection status, while no association was found (P> 0.05) between the MDR isolates and the wards. The prevalence of Multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa was 85.4%. Most of MDR isolates were obtained from tracheal aspirates. The study showed alarming condition of MDR P. aeruginosa in the hospitalized patients indicating need of surveillance for MDR and timely intervention for control.Item Screening of Plastic Degrading Pseudomonas spp. from Soil(Department of Microbiology, 2018) Badahit, GovindaThe plastics of various forms such as nylon, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polytetraflouro ethylene, polyurethane and polyvinyl chloride are being continuously used in our day to day life. Polythene bags are made of polyethylene. Polythene constitutes 64% of the total synthetic plastic as it is being used in huge quantity for the manufacture of bottles, carry bags, disposable articles, garbage containers, margarine tubs, milk jugs and water pipes. Most of the plastic materials are generating as one of the major source of environmental pollution. Therefore, this research was conducted with an objective to find the screening of plastic degrading Pseudomonas spp. isolated from the different soil samples at different temperature. From the four sentinel sites Sisdol, Teku, Balkhu and Sanothimi, total of 60 soil samples were collected. The samples were processed in the Microbiology Laboratory form April to September 2017 at Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu for the isolation and identification of the Pseudomonas spp. The organisms were identified by the conventional microbiological methods and biochemical reactions. The Pseudomonas spp., potency of degradation of plastic was screened. It was found that, the Pseudomonas spp. degraded 7.6% and 8.2% of plastic at 30°C and 37°C temperature during one month. Out of the total 24 isolates, P. aeruginosa degraded 7.3% and 8.5%, the P. fluorescence degraded 7.8% and 7.9% of the polythene at 30°C and 37°C temperature respectively during one month. This research shows the indigenous strain of Pseudomonas spp. has the potency of degradation of polythene and supportive for the way of municipality solid waste management.