Browsing by Subject "Public health"
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Item Oral Hygiene Practice Among Higher Secondary Level Students in Pokhara(Faculty of Sociology, 2013) Poudel, Tek NarayanThe thesis entitled “Oral Hygiene Practice among Higher Secondary Level students In Pokhara”was a carried out to assess awareness of oral hygiene. The main objectives of this study were to find out the knowledge and awareness of oral hygiene practices. Adolescence is a stage of storm and stress, so they don’t pay more attention to maintain inner beauty; they just concentrate toward outer beauty.Therefore they are not serious towards healthy food and attracted towards tasty foods only. They specially like junk foods such as biscuits, noodles, chocolates, cold drinks etc. In this study, data were collected by using a presented questionnaire over 160 randomly selected students from four schools. Results showed no significant differences between the gender and age groups in terms of knowledge levels. The study showed that dental caries, gum bleeding, gingivitis, oral ulcer, dental plaque and calculus, bad breathing, pain, stomatitis, glossitis etc. were the major problems among them. A mostly dental caries, dental plaque and calculus bad breathing, gum bleeding were more common on then.The students had positive attitude towards the oral health services but their visits were still low due to economical condition because oral health treatment sector is more expensive than other sector. Tooth brush and toothpaste were still the most commonly used oral hygiene aids. As compared to parents and friends,dentist was perceived to have more influence on oral hygiene practices among the students. Oral health education should be a life-long practice and incorporated into the school environment with the support of teachers and parents.Item Prevalance of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Patients Visiting National Tuberculosis Centre(Department of Zoology, 2021) Husain, AshikTuberculosis is a main public health problem all over the world. On an average one third of the world’s population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and problem of being in a state of existence disease. Tuberculosis remains a major threat in developing country like Nepal. Most of the cases occur in south-east Asia and Africa. This study mainly aims to find prevalence in terms of age, sex and to assess the knowledge tuberculosis. The study was analytical and hospital based conducted from December 2019 to February 2020 in National Tuberculosis Centre in Bhaktapur. During the study period a total of 765 sputum samples were collected and examined in the laboratory of National Tuberculosis Centre using fluorescence microscopy to detect the Mycobacterium and to assess the knowledge a total of 100 suspected patients were interviewed with closed ended questionnaire with multiple responses. Among the suspected patients, 73 (7%) showed positive with acid fast bacillus (AFB) and males (62%) were found to be more infected than female (38%) which was statistically insignificant (χ xii 2 =0.903, P> 0.05). The highest prevalence was found in age groups 51-60 (22.64%) which was statistically significant (F=39.6, P<0.05) between ages. There is mixed response showing good knowledge in affected parts and symptoms with statistically significant association (F=12.594, P<0.05) in the views of male and female. In general there is inadequate knowledge in terms of causative agent, preventive measures and treatment duration. Effective strategies must be implemented to bring equality to seek health behavior in males and females are required. Strategy with major focus on cultural and social bias must be integrated to bring more people aware of the disease.Item Study on the Prevalence of Commonly Occuring four Human Intestinal Parasites In Jalari And Kumal Communities In Lekhnath Municipality, Kaski, Nepal(Department of Zoology, 2007) Jamarkattel, Madan PrasadIntestinal parasitic infections have always been an important public health problem in the tropical and sub-tropical areas particularly in developing countries like Nepal, where the humid climate, the unsanitary environment, poor socio-economic conditions and over dispersion of parasites within the human communities contribute to the problem. The general objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in the people of two ethnic groups (Jalari and Kumal) of Lekhnath Municipality ward number 9 and 1 respectively in Kaski District, Nepal. A total of 236 stool samples of the persons of different age and sex groups were randomly collected as 104 samples from Jalari and 132 samples from Kumal community from 1 June 2003 to 27 September 2003. The samples were examined by direct wet mount technique in normal saline (0.9%), iodine solution and 2.5% Potassium Dichromate and data were analyzed using Microsoft excel sheets (tables and diagrams), statistical analysis (chi-square, test in 95% confidence interval). Out of 236 stool samples examined, 56.0% (132) persons were infected with intestinal parasites with the prevalence 54.8% in Jalari and 56.8% Kumal community without any significant (P>0.05, 95% CI). The prevalence in males and females were 59.6% (31 out of 52) and 50.0% (26 out of 52) respectively in Jalari community without any significant with age-wise (P> 0.05, 95% CI) and sex-wise (P> 0.05, 95% CI). The prevalence of parasites were Entamoeba histolytica: 4.8%, Giardia lamblia: 11.5% Ascaris lumbricoides: 15.4 Trichuris trichiura: 2.9% in Jalari community. The prevalence in males and females were 63.9% (39 out of 61) and 50.7% (36 out of 71) respectively in Kumal community with statistically significant (P<0.05, 95% CI) with sex-wise and not significant with age-wise ( P>0.05, 95% CI). The prevalence of parasites were Entamoeba histolytica: 6.8%, Giardia lamblia: 16.0% Ascaris lumbricoides: 19.0% Trichuris trichiura: 3.0% in Kumal community. Different factors are considered risk factors for the parasite transmission. These are infected food, water, soil, pattern of defecation, food habit, water drinking habit, domestic animals in houses, and types of occupation, level of education, family income and knowledge to specific parasites on the basis of statistical analysis in 95% CI. Epidemiological studies are important for identifying etiological factors that play a role in risk assessment and in decision-making. The molecular method should be applied and the case-controlled study should be made to confirm the roles of risk factors to transmit intestinal parasites in these ethnic groups in Nepal.