Browsing by Subject "Racism"
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Item Apartheid as Cultural Determinant in J. M. Coetzee's Life and Times of Michael K(Department of English, 2008) Paudel, GyanendraJ.M. Coetzee's highly acclaimed novel Life and Times of Michael K , is concerned with the imposition of unwanted restrictions and confinements experienced by the central character Michael K, in the background of civil war due to apartheid in South Africa. Through the representation of personal, political and social crisis, Coetzee highlights the apartheid policy in South Africa that perpetuates the racist cultural values. He also focuses the strength of culture where Michael K is deeply rooted in order to resist the encroachment of all the opposing forces. The text revolves around the pain and suffering of a victimized character named Michael K. Here, Coetzee also satirizes colonial hegemony, imposed ideology, culture and so called civilization that germinates the intra-racial conflict in South African Society.Item Body Politics in Mahesh Bikram Shah’s Selected Stories(Department of English, 2018) Lamsal, KeshavThis thesis entitled “Body Politics in Mahesh Bikram Shah’s Selected Stories” examines the representation of both male and female bodies, prevalent domination of women’s bodies and their protest against it in the male centered society. The female characters like Eliginia, Jacqueline, Mambal’s wife, Nepali girl living in United States, and Derli’s bodily experience represent the domination and violence of patriarchy on the one hand, and how they get power through their own body on the other. When the male characters try to pursue their interest, they start playing with their counterpart’s body for achieving their goal, so do the female characters. The passivity of conscious women characters excavates the domination of patriarchy but they still resist against the violence. They do not feel secure even with their beloveds. Though the characters try to resist it by leaving their boyfriends or partners but their body still remains a site of fear, panic, violence and insecurity. Women’s bodies continue to become a site of domination because of their weaker social or economical positions. Key Words: racism, superiority, body politics, subjugationItem Critique of American Dream in Yaa Gyasi's Transcendent Kingdom(Department of English, 2023) Upreti, Kabi RajThis research paper explores the critique of the American Dream in Yaa Gyasi's novel Transcendent Kingdom (2020).It presents the meager case of getting life, liberty and pursuit of happiness (Declaration of Independence, 1776), for the migrated ordinary people though they dream such things in their life, no matter what the circumstances are. As the majority of people have been mobilized by the few exploited group, there has been the failure of immigrants’ aspirations. This paper shows that the dream of working class does not turn to reality during the contemporary time because of the oppressed groups of people. It shows that the promises of material prosperity rather lead lives of these characters to trouble, alienation, and fragmentation. The democratic values of equality and respect are crumbled by practices of discrimination based on gender, race, and nationality. Immigrants hardly achieve the prosperity and dignified life they had expected. This failure suggests the decadence of the American dream. This study deals with the disillusioned and disappointed lives of characters through the racial, gender and nationality-based prejudice.Item Critique of Mainstream Racism in Paul Beatty’s The Sellout(Department of English, 2019) Lamsal, SumanThis thesis examines the critique of racism Mainstream values of American society, particularly racism, as depicted in Paul Beatty’s novel The Sellout. This novel presents the idea of slavery system and racism. By taking theoretical insight on racism proposed by W.E.B DuBois, Paul Gilroy and Henry Louis Gates, this research reveals how mainstream American culture imposes the discourse of racism thereby stereotyping racial minorities. The research thus shows how Beatty takes out the injustice of American society through the characters like Hominy, Marpessia, Ms. Susan Silverman escalated by racism and calls for the need of racial harmony to establish humanitarian values as envisioned by the architect of America.Item Dialectics of African Identity and Slavery in Colson Whitehead’s The Underground Railroad(Central Department of English, 2019) Kattel, GomaThis thesis is an attempt to show dialectics of African identity and slavery of Cora from the perspective of Neo-slave narrative with reference to Colson Whitehead’s The Underground Railroad; it focuses on how Identity and slavery interplay with each other in course of Cora’s identity formation. The protagonist Cora, in the novel experiences dehumanize behavior form her slave owners. Cora, endures from racism, however, she escapes from the South to the North through the Underground Railroad. Colson Whitehead explores the identity of African American females as a medium of slavery. By taking theoretical insights on Neo-slave narrative proposed by Ashraf H.A Rushdy, Bernard Bell and Toni Morrison; this research paper deals with the Dialectics of African identity and slavery with Cora’s point of view. Cora is abused by white masters and she suffer mentally and psychologically. She faces the problems of dislocation, identity, racial discrimination and social injustice due to slavery. She is detached from her identity, culture and rights but consistently fights to resist against injustices. Keywords: Racism, dehumanization, neo-slave narrative, dialectiItem Interracial Discord in James Baldwin'sAnother Country(Department of English, 2007) Gautam, Tika RamThe present research tries to explore interracial discord in James Baldwin's Another Country.Baldwin presents the racial discord as the major problem of black people in Harlem City. The major black characters undergo through various painful experiences in their daily lives and get humiliated despite their ceaseless efforts to build relationships based on love and mutuality rather than hatred and mockery. Due to the racial hegemony and its consequences, they cannot escape from the iniquities of the racist society. Theblacks represented by Rufus Scott, Ida andYvesare oftenfrustrated and discordedeven if they try to co-exist with the whites likeVivaldo, Leona, Richard and Eric.The blacks are repeatedly made aware of their skin and the social status despite their sincere efforts to establish a mutual bond, a brotherhood and a relation based on sympathy and empathy. As a result of the white's racist and segregational attitudes they suffer both physically and mentally. Unable to digest the racial hatred and bear the nervous breakdown Rufus commits suicide, his sister Ida suffers from anxiety, Cass and Yves suffer from loneliness. Rufus' suicide is a racial murder, caused by racial hatred, rather than a voluntary choice.Item Johnson Towards the Freedom of Afro-Americans in Middle Passage(Department of English, 2007) Gnawali, DibakarCharles Johnson'sMiddle Passageis a classical slave narrative which reveals the story of Allmuseries on the ship. Allmuseri is a minor community of blacks in America who are in search of their culture, root, identity and freedom from whites' influences. Afro-Americans search their identity and freedom through their history. Rutherford Calhoun's journey makes him successful to liberate all the blacks from the slavery and domination of whites. By reminding their inspiring history, Johnson wants to show a possibility of theirfreedom from the whites influences and cultural intervention in America.Item Kathryn Stockett's The Help as a Histographic Metafiction(Department of English, 2019) Khadka, SanuThis research blurring the distraction between fact and fiction as depicted in Kathryn Stockett's historical novel The Help. The novel describe the event of the Civil Rights Movement, the laws of segregation and intimidation and Taking theoretical insights on Historiographic Metafiction as proposed by Linda Hutcheon, and Hyden white this study reveals how this novel critique blurs the distinction between fact and fiction and presents the critique of racial stereotyping present in American society. A new rule has been set under the Civil Rights Movement according to this every citizen irrespective of class; creed or color will have access to life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness through individual effort. This research concludes that The Help not only presents the history by narrating the story through the old maid but also analyses the history through the present day situation and the text revisits history by revising and questioning it.Item Kathryn Stockett’s The Help: A Voice against Racial and Patriarchal Prejudice(Department of English, 2015-01) Adhikary, Shiv KumarThis study explores the story of black women’s melancholy and recovery of their life represented in Kathryn Stockett’s The Help. The narrative depicts the status of black women who are proficient in their work, but they are not justified with their capabilities and pushed to the margin by two agencies: whites and black males. It proves that black women are always constructed as substandard and incapable to think and act reasonably. The society is more offensive towards the blacks whether they are male or female. Black women’s experience of life is far more complex than any other white women like Hilly or black men like Leroy. Thus, the state of black women like Aibileen and Minny is troubling: it is due to two-fold oppressors – white people and black males. It is concluded that black women become the object of violence, exploitation, hatred and neglect on the level of race and gender. This study, therefore, presents the condition of double marginalization of black women in Stockett’s novel through the spectacle of feminism.Item Politics of Empathy in to Kill a Mockingbird(Department of English, 2008) Bam, YashodaThis research has tried to explore Politics of Empathy in Harper Lee’sTo Kill A Mockingbirdwhere racism becomes the main cause of social disintegration and racial hatred. So, this research work studies the roots of social hatred, defining Racism and Empathy. At the surface level, the novel attempts to show whites’ empathy for blacks through the characterization of Atticus Finch, a white lawyer, deferring Tom Robinson’s case who is falsely alleged of raping a white woman but the politics behind this projection is to represent white as moral, humanitarian, generous, and helpful towards blacks strengthening the agreed image of whites during racism and apartheidItem Questioning the official American history in Solomon Northup‟s twelve years a slave(Department of English, 2019) Tamang, BelieveThis research analyzes the hidden contradictions in the American official history written by the whites and exercised upon the blacks as reflected in Solomon Northup's Twelve Years a Slave. The first person speaker of the narrative rejects all the contradictions and segregations in the officially practiced apartheid policy. This study tries to see the social condition especially racism toward African American slaves in Solomon Northup’s Twelve Years as a Slave. Besides, it also identifies the forms of struggle of African American Slave against the practice of racism as it was officially approved in the then America. Moreover, this study also relates the racism reflected in the narrative with the real social condition of racism toward African American in nineteenth century. While analyzing the questioning practice of the African-American against the officially approved historical practices of the whites, new historical practice of 'thin descriptions' is minutely analyzed.Item Racial Conflict in Ann Petry'sThe Street(Department of English, 2006) Kunwar, Netra BahadurNot availableItem Struggle for Black Identity: A Foucauldian Reading of A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry(Department of English, 2022) Bhattarai, SunitaThis research paper examines the mode of African Americans' struggle for their identity during the 1950s from the theoretical perspective developed by Michel Foucault on the subject of power and identity. For this, it has selected A Raisin in the Sun as a primary text. It argues that African Americans faced two major challenges in the 1950s: assimilation and identity choices. During the decade African Americans started to protest against racial discrimination through the Black Civil Rights movement and the Black Power movement. As part of these movements, African Americans rejected to accept the white power structure’s rationalization for the continued treatment of Blacks as inferior. Black people endeavored to define their identity through various aspects like having their own home, perusing education, owning their own business, and so on. In the play A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry the character Beneatha shows her social attitude and cultural practices. She shows her pride in one’s African heritage and tries to stand up and fight for her own identity. Searching for their identity is more challenging for African Americans because they are often discriminated. On the other hand, another character George Murchison shows his anti-social behavior in his own Black culture and his assimilation attitude in the dominant White culture. He is educated but an obnoxious self-hearted person who has no respect for any of the accomplishments of the Black people. Socially, politically and economically the black families try to establish the fact that they are so much capable of uplifting their social and economic status as white are. Keywords: Racism, Double Consciousness, Identity, Black Civil Rights Movement