Browsing by Subject "Rural Areas"
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Item Impact and Status of Improved Cooking Stoves in Rural Area: A Case Study of Bannigadhi Jayagadh Rural Municipality, Achham(Central Department of Rural Development, 2017) Giri, GovindTraditional Cooking Stoves used in Nepal are simple structures made from clay or having stone or metal tripods. These stoves are very inefficient because they have poor air flow and insulation. As a result, they consume a lot of biomass and produce high levels of indoor air pollution. So this cooking stove is not useful for cooking. Now Improved Cooking Stove (ICS) is more useful for cooking in rural area of Nepal. Improved cook stoves (ICS) particularly mud-brick ICS with and without chimney is one of the most simple, inexpensive and widely used technologies designed to improve combustion efficiency of biomass and reduce exposure to indoor air pollution. The thesis was carried out in Bannigadhi Jayagadh Rural Municipality Ward No-1, Ganjra of Achham district. The research is primarily focused to discuss and analyze the present situation and impact of Improved Cooking Stoves at research area. The objectives of the study are to discuss the impact, financial requirements & current status of ICS. It has identified health impact on women, senior citizens and children and lastly tries to identify causes of drop out of ICS user of the study area. For the study, the extensive field visit was conducted in Bannigadhi Jayagadh-1, Ganjra of Achham. For the study, Improved Cooking Stoves (ICS) users were selected by purposive method both men and women. It is based on empirical data along with available pertinent secondary data. For primary data household survey and focus group discussion are major study method with questionnaire and checklist tools respectively and the secondary information was collected from previous researches, journals, books, report, publications and related materials of ICS. The study is descriptive and analytical in nature in which descriptive statistic is applied for the analysis of the data. The analysis of the data is done manually, 66 households of the universe were taken as the sample size and random sampling method had been used for this study. The finding of the study has shown that the impact of ICS is effective in the study area. It is an effective technology for the conservation of forest and decrease environmental pollution. Due to this, different projects are launched for the promotion of ICS. From the field survey, out of 334 households, 66 households are taken as sample. It shows that due to the use of ICS; household members, especially women saved nearly 1 hrs. per day compare with traditional cooking stove. The costs and benefits of this technology are most affected by their relative fuel costs, time and fuel use efficiencies, the incidence and cost-of-illness of acute respiratory illness, and the cost of household cooking time. Combining these results with the fact that households often find these technologies to be inconvenient or culturally inappropriate leads us to understand why uptake has been disappointing. Given the current attention to the scale up of ICS, this analysis is timely and important for highlighting some of the challenges for global efforts to promote ICS. The benefits of ICS includes increased thermal efficiency, conservation of forests by reducing fuel wood consumption, reduction in women’s' drudgery, reduction in indoor air pollution and hence smoke-related health disorders, and prevention of fire hazards. So ICS is very helpful to increase socio-economic condition of rural life in our country.Item Role of Co-Operatives on Rural Areas(Central Department of Economics Tribhuvan University Kirtipur, Kathmandu, 2016) Pandey, Pushpa RajItem Role of Ngos in Social Inclusion of Rural Areas: A Case Study of Syaule Village Sindhupalchok District(Central Departmental of Rural Development, 2017) Nepal, Krishna PrasadThe concepts of social exclusion and its twin, social inclusion, were introduced at first in France and then popularized in social policy discourse in Europe in response to the crises of the welfare state and then used in other regions, especially in developmental discourses. Social inclusion is based on the belief that we all fare better when no one is left to fall too far behind and the economy works for everyone. Social inclusion simultaneously incorporates multiple dimensions of well-being. It is achieved when all have the opportunity and resources necessary to participate fully in economic, social, and cultural activities which are considered the societal norm. Emergence of inclusion movement in Nepal today is the result of continuous exclusion and indifference of the history. There are three layers of exclusion continue in Nepal: exclusion because of remoteness leading to low access to schools; exclusion because of caste and ethnicity; and exclusion because of gender. Therefore, in the context of Nepal, inclusion refers to the equitable political representation of the excluded segments of population, including women, various caste and ethnic groups, and those who live in underdeveloped regions. There is a long tradition of community networks and partnerships in Nepal. But, the NGO movement gathered momentum only after the restoration of democracy in the country in 1990. The government alone cannot meet the numerous needs of the people. So NGOs evolved as a drivers and partners of development to make the prosperous, modern and just Nepal. Social Welfare Council, as an apex body, is responsible for the promotion, facilitation, coordination, monitoring and evaluation of the activities of the NGOs in Nepal. The NGO movement is gaining strength but they are criticized due to their urban-based, partisan, projectized and interest-based nature. Many of the local NGOs are registered in the DAO office Sindhupalchok. Among them, most are working in the field of community and rural development. On one hand the adequate number of NGOs in the VDC shows the development concern of the people in the VDC, but on the other hand, only a dozen or two are operating, to some extent, satisfactorily and rest are passive with inconsequential role in social inclusion. The great challenge of NGOs of the VDC is to revitalize such passive NGOs and to develop their capacities with contribution to promote social inclusion Most of the NGOs of VDC are individual based institutions founded by leadership motives. The running of an NGO appeared like running household affairs or some private enterprises. Institutionalization of NGOs, Scarce of resources, Co-ordination with DDC, VDC, empowerment and capacity building of excluded gender, caste and ethnic group are major problems to foster social inclusion and people’s participation among the NGO community of the VDC. To face the above challenges and to tackle the problems., there should be an effective action plan is needed to ensure women, Dalit, Indigenous Nationalities and other disadvantaged and poor people’s maximum participation in NGOs activities(planning, decision making, implementation, monitoring and evaluation and the sharing of benefits) of the projects in the VDC, which ultimately promotes social inclusion.