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Item Prevalence of Fascioliasis Present in Buffaloes of Slaughterhouse in Kirtipur Municipality(Central Department of Zoology, 2010) Shrestha, Anju200 slaughtered water buffaloes were examined. 100 were observed during the winter; from November 27, 2007 to February 10, 2008 and 100 were observed during the summer; from June 18, 2008 to July 26, 2008. Out of them, 93 (46.50%) were males and 107 (53.50%) were females. 54 (27%) of them were calves, 51 (25.50%) were adults and 95 (47.50%) were olds. Females were found more infected with fascioliasis. 38.05% of the females had fascioliasis as compared to 16.09% of males. The difference in sex-wise prevalence of fascioliasis was found significant (χ 2 0.05, 1d.f. =11.63). Old animals (35.78%) were infected with Fasciola more often than calves (14.81%) and (29.41%) adults. Difference in age-wise prevalence of Fasciola was significant (χ 2 0.05, 2d.f. =7.45). 35 and 22 positive cases of fascioliasis were observed out of 200 slaughtered animals observed, 100 each during winter and summer season. The season-wise prevalence of fascioliasis was found significant (χ 2 0.05, 1d.f. =4.14). Out of 35 positive cases of Fasciola infection observed during winter, 20 (57.14%) buffaloes had only Fasciola hepatica while 11 (31.42%) had only F. gigantica and 4 (11.42%) had both F. hepatica and F. gigantica. Similarly during summer, out of 22 animals that had fascioliasis, F. hepatica was found in 7 (31.81%) of them while F. gigantica was observed in 12 (54.54%) of them and 3 (13.63%) of them had both F. hepatica and F. gigantica. Infection with Fasciola hepatica (59.65%) was found slightly higher than Fasciola gigantica (52.63%). Faecal sample of 55 (27.50%) buffaloes were found positive for fascioliasis, out of 200 slaughtered buffaloes observed. 33 and 22 positive cases of fascioliasis were observed out of 200 slaughtered animals observed, 100 each during winter and summer season. Females were found more infected with fascioliasis. 37.14% of the females had fascioliasis as compared to 16.84% of males. Old animals (33.68%) were infected with Fasciola more often than calves (14.81%) and (29.41%) adults.Item Survey of Buffalo Slaughtering Places and Meat Shops of Kirtipur Municipality for Infrastructure Facilities and Prevalence of Helminth Parasites(Department of Zoology, 2009) Bajracharya, Pabitra MuniDuring the study period from Nov. 2007 to July 2008, a total of 200 buffaloes slaughtered for meat were surveyed in a total of 12 slaughtering places found over the entire Kirtipur municipality. The buffaloes were categorized as male, female, calf, adult and old, and examination was carried out. Out of total examined, 39 buffaloes (19.50%) were found positive for hydatid cysts. More buffaloes were found infected with Echinococcus during winter (25.00%) than summer (14.00%) which was significant (χ2 0.05, 1d.f =3.851). Females (23.08%) were found infected with Echinococcus more often than males (13.79%) but the difference was not found significant (χ2 0.05, 1d.f =3.851). Again old animals (30.25%) were found more infected with Echinococcus than calves (11.11%) and adults (7.84%) which was significant as well (χ2 0.05, 2d.f =14.19). Altogether 100 hydatid cysts were found in 39 animals (an average of 2.56 cysts per animal) and out of them 14 (35.89%) animals had single infection while 25 (64.10%) had multiple infection. Similarly 94.00% of the cysts observed were found fertile while only 6.00% was found sterile. Hydatid cysts were observed mainly in the lungs and the livers. 76.00% were located in lungs, 23.00% in liver and 1.00% in the spleen. The study showed 57 (28.50%) buffaloes positive for Fasciola: the prevalence being higher during winter (35.00%) in comparison to summer (22.00%). Females (38.05%) had fascioliasis more often than males (16.09%). Also old animals (35.78%) were found more infected than calves (14.81%) and adults (29.41%). Infection with Fasciola hepatica (59.65%) was found slightly greater in compare to Fasciola gigantica (52.63%). The prevalence varied significantly between different seasons (χ2 0.05, 1d.f =4.14); sexes (χ2 0.05, 1d.f =11.63) and ages (χ2 0.05, 2d.f =7.45). Similarly 27.50% buffaloes were found infected with Taenia cyst (cysticercosis): the prevalence being 27.00% during winter and 28.00% during the summer. The prevalence was found more in females (34.51%) than in males (18.39%). Again old animals (41.05%) were found infected with the cyst of Taenia saginata more often than the calves (9.26%) and adults (21.56%). The cysts were mostly observed in the food pipe. The prevalence varied significantly between sexes (χ2 0.05, 1d.f =6.39) and different age group (χ2 0.05, 2d.f =18.66) of the slaughtered animals but not varied between winter and summer season (χ2 0.05, 1d.f =0.024). The survey of slaughtering places and meat shops revealed the poor infrastructure and facilities present in them. 66.66% of the slaughtering places lacked even the basic facilities like facilities of roof, concrete floor, good water supply and space or container for offal disposal drainage and were always found visited by dogs. 67.85% of the butchers were unaware of the meat borne diseases and 64.28% butchers didn’t have any knowledge about impact on environment due to slaughtering places. During the study, 36 (72.00%) buff selling shops were found over the entire Kirtipur municipality. The facilities in these shops were also found primitive or lacking and most of the meat sellers (88.88%) had no idea about meat borne diseases as well. The study found no pre and post mortem meat inspection and slaughter house examination by any authority of the government institution.