Browsing by Subject "Socio-cultural"
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Item An Analysis of Socio-Cultural Condition of Tamang People (A Case Study from Bhimdhunga VDC, Kathmandu)(Department of Sociology, 2011) Malla, Umesh KumarNot availableItem Anthropological Study of Tamang Community A Case Study of Sauli Bazar of Dhamilikuwa V.D.C, Lamjung(Department of Rural Development, 2006) Chiluwal, MaheshNepal, the land with ecological and topographical diversities, is very popular around the world for its multi ethnic, multi-linguistic and multi cultural profile. Though tiny sized nature in area, it possesses lot of vivid ties in concern to centricity, society, tradition custometc. Instead of being a country of homogenous origin, it is a land of heterogeneous identity where the people live together in an integrated fashion fundamentally, Nepal is a blended texture of multiple stands. The study of "Anthro-Development study of Tamang Community of Dhamilikuwa VDC, Sauli Bazar, has been carried out using several research methodology. Both primary and secondary data are used. The primary data is collected through field visit questionnaire,observation and group discussion. The secondary data are collected from concerning,several published and unpublished document records, journals, books etc. The main objectives of the research study area are: To trace the ethno-history of Tamangs of Sauli Bazar. To study the socio-cultural system of Tamangs of Sauli-Bazar. To study the socio-economic system of Tamang of Sauli Bazar. It is found that total households are 340 and population is 1445 in the study area. It is obvious that the major occupation of this area is agriculture. The total population of the VDC is 4500 in which the number of male is 1800 and female is 2700. In this Tamang population, the percentage of people that are included in business,agriculture, daily wage, agriculture and wage, agriculture and services and teaching are15%, 5%, 10%, 40%, 25% and 5% respectively. In this study area, Tamang people growdifferent kinds of crops. In ward no 8, Tamang people grow rice, maize and wheat in thequantity 100 muri, 80 muri and 60 muri respectively. From this quantity of rice, maizeand wheat Tamang people can earn Rs. 150000. Similarly, the Tamang people of wardno-9, grow 60 muri of rice, 40 muri of maize and 30 muri of wheat and from these crops,they can earn Rs. 90,000. Lastly, Tamangs of Sauli Bazar have been preserving their ethnic identity. They are meek, honest and simple in nature but with deteriorating economic condition. So if major problems like education, lack of consciousness are solved, they will be in better condition along with proper mobilization of local resources.Item An Apartment Building as a Microcosm of Indian Society: New Historical Reading ofManil Suri'sThe Death of Vishnu(Central Department of English, 2008) Adhikari, Moho DattaManil Suri’s novelThe Death of Vishnu(2001) has tried to represent the different aspects of contemporary India. Vishnu, the odd-job man in a Bombay apartment block, lies dying on the staircase landing. Around him the lives of the apartment dwellers unfold –the warring housewives on the first floor, the lovesick teenagers on the second, and the widower alone and quietly grieving at the top of the building. In a fevered state Vishnu looks back on his love affair with the seductive Padmini and comedy becomes tragedy as his life draws to a close. By including such events within a single apartment building Suri has observed the follies and miseries of Indian society. Through outThe Death of Vishnu is a constant co-mingling of the physical, material and mundane with the spiritual and divine. Covering only a twenty-four hour period this “soap opera” scenario is transformed, however, into a microcosm of society that provides Hindu insights into the nature of reality. In short through the window, of a Bombay apartment building Manil Suri creates an intimate and intricate portrait of life in a great Indian Metropolis.Item Change and Continuity in Marriage Practices among Gurung of Benigaon, Gorkha(Faculty of Sociology, 2018) Gurung, Lebindra BahadurNot availableItem Dialectics of Erosand Thanatosin Ammaraj Joshi’s A Night’s Drama(Department of English, 2012) Rai, Hem KumarThis thesis explores the dialectics of life and death in Ammaraj Joshi’s A Night’s Dramafrom the perspective of Freudian psychoanalysis, especially through the lens of Eros and Thanatos. Although Joshi’s stories are the reflections of Nepalese socio-cultural realities, his dramatization of human sexuality and human deaths gives the logic that the whole collection is an inquiry into human instinctual drives of Eros and Thanatos. Juxtaposition of the life drive and the death drive makes it possible to analyze the text from the psychoanalytical theories and to study how the instinctual forces of human psychology functions as the ultimate source of all human activities, attitudes, behaviours and ways of thinking as they are implied in Joshi’s stories.Item Disability as a Socio-cultural Construct(Department of English, 2009) Sharma, PratimaThis thesis talks about the existence of physical or mental disability in literary discourse constructed by so called “able” that contribute in devaluating, stigmatizing those who do not meet the criteria defined by the able. My argument isthat, disability is not an inborn human weakness or a misfortune but a politico-cultural construct of the disability experience as such. Lucy Grealy in “Pony Party”,Nancy Mairs in “Carnal Act”, Barbara Rosenblum in “Living with an Unstable Body”,andVed Mehta in “Bells” frankly recount their experiences of what it means for them to be disabled.These texts seek to argue thatindividuals with disabilities may experience an existential crisis that may be triggered by the stigma related to having a disability, as well as by conditions created by disability itself.Item Elites to Paupers: Turning Points in Education(2008) Regmi, Ishwari PrasadIn the name of Durbar School (DS), the first modern school was established by Jung Bahadur Rana in 1854 A.D. in Kathmandu. In the beginning, only elites were allowed to study in DS, but in the course of time, it has witnessed turning points, and now the same school with the name- Bhanu Madhyamik Bidhayalaya is still running at the west side of Rani Pokhari. Unlike in the past, now children of people living in very marginalized situation i.e. paupers are studying in DS with a hope of success in the future. While observing these contexts - ‘Turning Points in Education’ as they are reflected in the case study of DS. I started this study, in order to understand how these turning points in education and the people who are living in very marginalized situation interplay with each other and again the situation is turning to miss the points of social justice and equal opportunities. Hence, this study shed light on diverse experiences of and responses to schooling as seen from the view of actors in students, teachers, parents and footpath pasale in and around DS. Following the brief discussion of local cosmology of schooling, the study turns to the elite formation in Modern Nepal and making elites linkages with DS, which was the primary research unit. Information was then gathered, mainly based on the qualitative design of research, by using questionnaire based survey form, FGD, individual interview, life stories, NGD, participant observation, and I took this study as a mosaic of learning, a pattern produced by text posing events in the history of Nepal and making their linkages with the present context of DS in Kathmandu. While making such an exploration superunknowns and empirical heuristics in educational research are also considered. It is apparent that turning points have occurred in education in Nepal and these turning points also sneaked up on the paupers life and taking schooling as a means for their prosperous future life. But in the school context, there are many turning points including missed turning points which could be witnessed and must be retraced back. Beyond these, the power of education and knowledge of English is primarily underpinning in Nepali school. In this respect, this study throws light on the ‘Turning Points in Education’ as a new discourse in Nepal. Further, this study explores on the multiple aspects of turning points around the issue of paupers schooling. The dynamic interplay between Durbar School, inner-city context and pauper’s subjective experiences have been in the foreground, empirically and analytically, and has motivated me to look at the ‘Turning Points in Education’ as a new discourse. In order to establish an understanding of the turning points in education, I have used an analytical framework that builds on three major theoretical constructs. The first is the work of Bourdieu on the role of schooling in social and cultural reproduction and second, agency and structure of Anthony Giddens and cultural production of Skinner and Holland to unfold the social realities in and around DS in Kathmandu. Finally the notion of power/knowledge by Michael Foucault to understand the social facts and people’s practices. Besides these I have used the notion of rebirth and Dharma from Gita to understand the serving nature of DS in the past and in the present. This study shows that children living in other’s houses as domestic workers are not only poor from economic points of view but they face multiple difficulties at home and school. This infers that paupers have to bear double and greater burden of marginalization and stigmatization. This sort of double victimization of the paupers in Nepali society is contributing to witness missed turning points in education. First school seems to promise anticipated turning points in pauper’s life but at the same time it becomes missed turning points for the paupers and school contributes to the reproduction of social inequalities. Second the discourse of education in Nepal is found ever changing in nature, slowly the trends are shifting, paupers voices are being heard in school setting. Within in these context, the agentic nature of DS and knowledgeability and capability of the students are analysed and interpreted based on the theoretical constructs; agency-structure developed by Anthony Giddens, cultural production propounded by Skinner and Holland, and ‘rebirth’ from Bhagwat Gita. Third, schooling itself being a complex process, I intend to go beyond the agency and structure, to understand turning point in education as a new discourse. So, I have applied the terms power/ knowledge developed by Foucault, as an abstract force which determines what will be known, rather than assuming that elites develop ideas and knowledge to dominate the paupers in the society. This study also reveals that children studying in DS had given more value to education specially English education. This conjuncture of power and knowledge on English education has created great difficulties. The power of education and knowledge of English is underpinning in Nepali school. Nevertheless, there are many unresolved issues and challenges in the field of education which could be understood from other theoretical and empirical understanding, with that respect this study could be challenged. However this study also turned to the current school system which requires certain readjustment and transformations in order to make useful for the paupers in Nepal.Item Emergence of Modern India in Bharati Mukherjee’s Miss New India(Faculty of English, 2012) Mishra, Dip RajBharati Mukherjee's Miss New In diais the replica of new India. The transforming faces of the contemporary India can be found in this novel. If poverty was the hallmark of the old India, booming prosperity has become the distinguishing features of the contemporary India. The socio-cultural values and traditional rituals have undergone drastic change. In the new India internal migration has become the big problem. Certain areas, which are urbanized, have witnessed rapid economic growth whereas villages have still been backward. In the backward communities, the same old values have become active. Yet, the wave of cultural modernity has penetrated the core fabric of the Indian society. In the new India, the gap between village and town has widened. The lifestyles of the youths have been changed by the emerging trends of western culture. Westernization seems to have made contribution to the shifting socio-economic landscape. The legacy of western modernity, technology transfer, economic liberalization and revolution in information technology have brought India in the present context. By using the perspective of technological modernity and socio-cultural modernization, the researcher asserts that Miss New India projects how the new India emerged from the chaos of antiquity and uncertainty.Item Impact of Rural Tourism in Ghale Gaun (A Case Study of Ghale Gaun, Lamjung District, Nepal)(Department of Rural Development, 2016) Rai, KripaThe study titled "Impact of Rural Tourism in Ghale Gaun, Lamjung District in Western Nepal" was conducted in Ghale Gaun located in Lamjung district. Tourism is the largest industry in Nepal, and the largest source of foreign exchange and revenue. Rural tourism focuses on participating in a rural lifestyle. It can be a variant of ecotourism. Any village can be a tourist attraction, and many villagers are very hospitable.There are lots of places of rural tourism emerging in Nepal.In term of Nepal, organized rural tourism was first practiced by Sirubari ,Bandipur, Ghandruk, Ghale Gaun villages, which was totally a new concept and ideas in Nepal. Ghale Gaun is a beautiful village of Lamjung distict, which lies to the northwest of Khudi at the elevation of 2095 meters. It is approximately 20.5 km North West of Kathmandu and 12.5km north east of Pokhara. Ghale Gaon once a sphere of Ghale kings before 18th century presently consists of 106 households comprising Gurungs, Ghales and some Chhetri and Biswakarma under Uttarkanya VDC, 1,2 and 3 wards. The overall purpose of the study was to identify the impact of rural tourism in Ghale Gaon. Impact on economy (monthly income), environmental change and social cultural change was identified by conducting a survey among household respondents, semi structured interview with the tourist and KII with the experts of rural tourism. Descriptive research design was used to conduct the study. Research Instruments like Survey questionnaire, semi- structured interview schedule and Key Interview Guideline was developed. Accidental sampling technique was used for sample collection with the tourist and a survey was conducted with the household respondents. Collected data was analyzed in SPSS version and data was calculated using descriptive statistics. For the reliability and validity of the instrument, continue consultation with experts, supervisor and literature review was done throughout the study .Similarly, Pretest with ten of the respondents was done in Nagarkot home stay . vi The findings of the study indicate that rural tourism has increased the daily income of the local residents and most of the people were attracted in this business. Similarly, the findings also indicate that slowly the concept of internal tourism is being emerged in our society. The local people could communicate with the foreigners and were also known with the culture of the foreigners. Unmanaged waste and littering was commonly seen as an environmental problem. At the same time, alcoholism and fight was mostly common in ghale gaun. Along with that the infrastructure of schools, house was also changed and modified. The result of the study will help to determine the impact of rural tourism in the life of the villagers and also helps policy makers in Nepal by providing required information. To conclude,there are various limitations and challenges to tackle in rural tourism business.At the same time, rural tourism is slowly taking its roots in Nepal.The continuous growth of rural tourism in recent years, however, has shown the positive sign. It can be taken into consideration that it holds the possibility even with a lot of challenges.Item Indigenous Knowledge and Resources for Sustainable Livelihood Approach: A Comparative Study of Livelihoods of Sankharapur Municipality Pre and Post-Earthquake(Central Department of Rural Development, 2019) Shrestha, SabinThe modern perspective regards indigenous construction practices as primitive, undeveloped and backward. They may be valid if they measure quality of life on the basis of luxury. But if they measure it on the basis of happiness, wellbeing and pride then traditional buildings can be an alternative. Use of indigenous materials and techniques is one of the main features of vernacular building. Indigenous knowledge has been founded on principles and understanding acquired from long tasting and experience by our ancestors to enhance sustainable development endeavours. The main objective of the study entitled “Indigenous knowledge and resources for sustainable livelihood approach: A comparative study of Sankharapur Municipality pre and post-earthquake.” is to assess the relation between IK and resources and sustainable livelihoods on the basis of five assets of capital prepared by DFID. Assessment of livelihood was based on field survey, observation, Interview and Focus Group Discussion where judgmental scoring method was applied. Structured and unstructured questionnaire tools were developed to collect data. It was developed on the basis of Sustainable Livelihood Framework Guidance Sheet. 40HH sample were chosen on random basis for questionnaire and interview was done to 8 local persons. Indigenous buildings are less vulnerable to earthquake. The technology of using wooden sill and lintel band around the buildings makes indigenous buildings safer during earthquake. Thermal behaviour of indigenous buildings are good which makes least use of thermal appliance to the user of the building resulting in the low operational cost. IK and resources also impact on socio-economic, environmental & cultural identity of building. Indigenous materials being entirely natural have no impacts on environment. The architecture of indigenous buildings are such that it offers maximum social interactions preserving its own cultural heritage. As for sustainable livelihood development, indigenous materials have potential to evolve and to be adapted to contemporary needs, helping to reduce embodied energy and environmental impacts and revive cultural heritage. Therefore, this paper addresses indigenous knowledge and resources as a sustainable livelihood approach in the context of Sankharapur and recommended to develop policies like subsidizing tax on using indigenous materials and techniques encouraging local people to adopts such knowledge.Item Knowledge and Practices Regarding Menstrual Hygiene among High School Adolescent Girls (A Study of Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Ward No. 13 & 14)(Faculty of Rural Development, 2018) Dhakal, SabitaThis research entitled Knowledge and Practices Regarding Menstrual Hygiene Among High School Adolescent Girls: A Study of Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Ward No. 13 & 14 is carried out for the partial fulfillment of the requirement of the course Master's in Rural Development. The main objectives of this research is to assess the knowledge and sources of information of adolescent school girls about menstruation, to identify the socio-cultural traditions and restrictions practiced during menstruation and to identify the reasons of school absenteeism during menstruation. Three research questions are made to address the objective of the study. A quantitative research design is used for the study under which survey method is used as main tools. For My research out of 7 government school in Kathmandu 13 & 14 as a sample only 3 government schools including Jana Prabhat Secondary School (40 girls, Kalimati-13, Kathmandu), N il Barahi Secondary School (78 girls, Tankeshwor Kalimati, Kathmandu-13) and Kuleshowor Awash Secondary School (78 girls, Kuleshowor-14 Kathmandu) total 190 girls students as a sampling are taken as respondents. After collecting the data, the data are analyzed by using statistical tools and represented in charts and diagrams. After collecting the information from field this research try to address the answers of all research questions. After analysis of the data it can be concluded that family members (mother, sisters, cousin sisters, grandmother) are the major source of information of menstruation for adolescent girls. The knowledge generally transform from mother to daughter. This knowledge is not enough because still some girls have miss conception about menstruation periods and cycle. Girls still do not have good hygiene practices. They still use clothes during menstruation. However the number of such girls who are using cloths is lesser, that indicates that girls are now conscious about their health. Still more than half girls do not bath IV regularly during the menstruation period and about 75% girls do not use soap for cleaning the vaginal part during the menstruation. Still 40% girls do not stay in their own room during the menstruation period and some of them are sent to their neighbor’s house as well. The superstitions of untouchability during the menstruation are almost there in every household. They are not allowed to enter and work in the kitchen during the menstruation period. It means the family members restrict the girls for doing rituals activities and other household’s activities during menstruation periods. Still half of the girls do not go schools on the first day of the menstruation. Among many reasons the common reason for this is health problem. The girls feel physically weak during the time and some even feel severe pain so they could not attend their class.Item Migration and Socio-Cultural Change of Tharus (A Case Study of Swathi Village, Nawalparasi District)(Department of Sociology, 2011) Adhikari, LaxmiThis research study entitled“Migration and Socio-Cultural Change of Tharus” is an academic contribution to sociological knowledge. The integrated analysis of internal and cross boarder migration and social change of Tharus provides some fundamental issues of sociological study of migration. The study has analyzed how migrants’ culture impacts the indigenous society and the culture in Terai and Inner-Terai Nepal. Descriptive research design and more qualitative inquires are applied in this study. Extensive literatures are reviewed for scientific understanding of the specific research problem. Tharus have distinct culture in comparison to Hill and Madheshi migrants. The culture of Tharus has been changing since the 900 BC when pre-Aryan and Aryan interaction was taken place. This process is continued to date. After inception of modern Nepal, Hill migrants were migrated into Terai and Terai became multicultural society. Multicultural society is conflict porn society which is identified from the data. There is relationship conflicting relationship between Tharus and migrant non-Tharus in the society. This type of relationship has changed Tharus’ society and culture. The major changes in Tharu society and culture are social structure, individual behavior,institutional structure and relations. Traditional practices of Tharus are changed by migrants’ cultural influence. At the beginning, Tharus were animist, Buddhists (in the Buddhism Era)and Hindu. Some scholars claimed that the Hinduization process had taken place between900-700 BC. This process was highly prevalent during Mugal Empire. During the Ranaregime, when Muluki Ain was implemented, almost all Tharus became Hindu. The role of the Madheshi migrants is found on structural institutional change of Tharus whereas behavioral change is caused by the Hill migrants. The state policy and Hinduization process have significant contribution to social change of Tharus. The Tharu NGO activists and Tharus’ political leaders can’t accept as social change. They claim it as the socio-cultural invasion of Tharus by the migrants. However, individual Tharu agencies differ to activists’ opinions and claimed that they were exploited by migrants in economic aspects.Item Nazneen's Quest For Emancipation In brick Lane(Department of English, 2006) Dhobi, SaleemThe inscribed disquisition emphasizes on Monica Ali's innermost intellectual vision of an Islamic woman trapped between two distinct cultures: the Islamic culture and the English one. The former is indeed oppressive and restrictive which has made the central character, Nazneen in Brick Lanebelieve in the fatalistic life. But the latter seems to have awakenedher to come out from the world of old values and the maze of fatalistic instructions provided by Amma. As the matter of fact Nazneen's role pervades the whole novel. Her psychological evolution from the intial part ofBrick Laneupto its end is the matterof remark. Due to being in the world of emotional deception, religious restrictions and male domination, Nazneen turns to a new Nazneen and commences seeking for liberated life which she eventually feels only through sheltering in the sexual companionship with Karim, accompanying with Razia, and psychologically, and physiologically distancing her from her husband, Chanu who has strictly carried up old values and has been imposing those on Nazneen and even his daughters: Bibi and Shahana. After all Nazneen,the innocent, unknown to English, flexible, alterable woman, finds life comfortable and prestigious as well as emancipated in the multicultural society while Chanu, the boastful, highly learned and capable of speaking English fluently becomes a failure in the English culture and goes back to Bangladesh with a great expectation of being a success over there.Item Nepal-India Open Border and its Impact on National Security(Department of Political Science, 2019) Adhikari, KishorThe dissertation attempts to address the research questions: The case of open border and analyze the concern of Nepal India open border? What are the prospects and problem of open border? What are the security challenges posed by Nepal-India open border to Nepal? India and Nepal have shared close relations for a very long time.Geographical factors have been reinforced by religious, cultural and ethnic affinities between the inhabitants of the Terai region and their counterparts across the border.The objectives include an analysis on interrelationships of people beyond the geographical territory and the investigation of exceptional issues created by an open border following security threats. The testimonials made by the experts and leaders having a substantive knowledge on open border will be used as the primary source of information. As India and Nepal share many commonalities, the open border canal ways be harnessed as a springboard for opportunities, which are aplenty on both sides of the border. Talking on the boundry, Nepal is surrounded by India to the West,East and the South except the North. The dissertation reflects that a practice of an open border between the countries has been remaining since the old age. The open border between India and Nepal not only have brought out the mutual security concerns but also fostered close socio-economic relations between the two countries. The unrestricted flow of people over the years has resulted in the dissemination of ideas, culture, and settlements of people in each other’s territory there by strengthening the bilateral social and cultural relations. The open border also has a favorable impact on two economies. An open border has also allowed many Nepalese citizens to find employment in India and Indians to open business ventures in Nepal. Despite the fact, the open border has been misused by terrorists and criminals.The extent of misuse of the open border by terrorists and criminals has led to a clamor in some quarters to rethink the rationale for keeping the border with Nepal open. While it is true that the open border has facilitated terrorist and criminal activities that are adversely impacting national security, it is equally important to recognize that an open border has also helped India and Nepal to develop and deepen socio-cultural and economic relations. The trafficking in girls and women, the mobility of fake Indian currency and explosive substances have challenged to the existing security system. The infiltration of illegal elements is really detrimental to the national security and integrity of the country. In present context, the borders cannot besealed off but can be legalized through conjoint and shared accountabilities to bring fresh momentum on natural flow and entry of people from one country to another practically.Item The Politics of Treatment of Disability in Barbara Kingsolver's The Poisonwood Bible(Department of English, 2010) Paudel, Dhan BahadurDisability is a socio-cultural fabrication. Society creates “norms” and “standard” values. The people who conform to the established “norms” are accepted, and those who do not are looked upon with abhorration, disdain and contempt. The society creates dichotomy between able and disable people, and adheres negative connotation to the later. The research work argues that the necessity of creating disabled people is to maintain superiority of socially able people. Society uses the extremes, the nonaverages, to define what is to be called “normal.” These “norms” and “values” resonate deep into the religious, racial, gender and physical aspects of society. In Barbara Kingsolver’s The Poisonwood Bible Nathan Price, the dominant character represents the principle “normal.” The prominent characters, such as Orleanna, Leah, and Rachel, and the natives of Kilanga, do not only face gender bias and stereotypical representation, religious and racial prejudice of western humanistic ideals but they also grow self-conscious of the uniqueness of their own individuality and tradition. The novel rejects the flat and static representation of characters marked with disability. In Congo, Adah finds that people of Kilanga do not look at her disability with difference.Item Potentiality and Challenges of Eco-Tourism (A Case Study of Jagdispur Reservoir Area, Kapilvastu, Nepal)(Department of Rural Development, 2015) Aryal, SantoshEcotourism is very burning issue and one of the fastest growing sectors in current world tourism industry. Especially in many developing countries like Nepal are trying to use ecotourism as a tool to achieve sustainable development. The paper mainly considers hidden potentiality of ecotourism in Kapilvastu where tourism is one of the fastest expanding industries which has been leaving various positive aswell as negative impacts in different areas. The paper also attempt to give critical analysis of ecotourism impacts and challenges and point out some recommendations for better practice of ecotourism. The study tries to answer the following question: Is ecotourism opportunity or challenge in Nepal? How is ecotourism practiced in the country? Can ecotourism be a beneficial tool for sustainable development of the country? How can ecotourism be very effective means of development and conservation? The study has employed both primary and secondary sources for data collection.Under the primary source, the study has been based on questionnaire, interview and direct observation of the project site and affected areas. Likewise, different reports and official publications regarding tourism have been taken into consideration for the statistical data. This study has dug out some important components, characteristics and status of tourism in Jagdishpur Reservoir area which is helpful to understand potentiality and challenges of ecotourism, the research objectives. This study has showed that Jagdishpur is very rich in terms of religious places, historical monuments and reservoir is popular for bird viewing and boating. So, the most preferred attraction of this site is bird viewing, boating, historical monuments like Asoka pillar, local Tharu culture and other religious places. Similarly main challenges for eco-tourism development in Jagdishpur are poor infrastructure facilities, conservation level of local assets, accommodation and awareness level of local people. The exposer level of tourism in Jagdishpur is also a challenge. Most of the visitor (70%of them) found to be recommended by their friends or relatives. Whereas, 20% of vii them got information from print media and audio visual media provided information to only 10% of total visitor. To sum up,besides various challenges and problems in the fields of ecotourism, it can be a great opportunity for Jagdishpur if all tourism resources are handled and utilized responsibly and it can be phenomenal instrument to achieve real sustainable development of the study area by promoting different aspects and sectors–economy, environment, culture, and conservation procedure.Item Prospect and Problem of Sustainable Tourism Development A Case Study of "Sworgadwari",Pyuthan(Department of Rural Development, 2015) Adhikari, KalpanaTourism plays crucial role in the overall development of Nepal. Nepal is rich in cultural, natural resources and religious sites. It is needed to diversify and utilize them as per the present demand of the country. Tourism resources of Nepal have played a great role to improve country's image in the international area. Tourism is considered as a driving force for the sustained economic growth of Nepal. Keeping these above in view, the researcher has carried out of this dissertation entitle "prospects and problem of sustainable tourism development A Case Study of Sworgadwari Pyuthan" which is envisaged to be helpful while planning and development area.Sworgadwari is the most significant Hindu religious shrine situated at the Sworgadwari hill of Pyuthan district of Mid-Western part of Nepal. The main objectives of this study are to find out the tourism and problems for the Sustainable Tourism Development in Sworgadwari along with tourism impacts and to the problem. For the study, Researcher has applied various research methodology e.g. questionnaire, Filed observation, literature review of related document, KII key information interview with local people, as well as other respondents etc. Information was obtained by interviewing with three categories of respondents, 50 tourist, 60 local people, and 20 business operators. In 130 respondents they are different religion Hindu, Buddha. Most of the respondent is seen Hindu and Buddhism and they are included in different occupation like business service agricultural etc. The major problems associated with tourism development in the study area are lack of communication, lack of water resource, week infrastructure and building construction,lack of advertisement and publicity, transportation, lack of trained/ skilled human resources atthe local community level, no recording system of visitors, and low public awareness towards tourism lack of accommodation facilities were found in Sworgadwari. During the study, I found that the impact of tourism was noticed both positive as well as negative. I found that there was social, economic and environmental impact of tourism inSworgadwari. People of this area are being aware to conserve and preserve the local heritage,forest etc. They are improving their living standard, their traditional, agriculture system and dependency on livestock is changed. Tourism has brought some negative impact such as local indigenous unique cultural is slowly dying and mixing modern cultural of foreigners. Some v people from Magar community are tending to use their mother tongue and adoption Nepali language. While researching, I found that there have income generated employment and opportunities local people from tourism activities. Local people are willing to take part actively in tourism related sectors. In addition people are conscious to conserve the exciting tourism product in an around the Sworgadwari. Because of lack of organized system of waste collection and disposal, theproblem is more a cute at Sworgadwari and the surrounding areas. Waste disposal near creek and water bodies, increasing properties of bio-non degradable waste and hazardous disposal of human waste are other problems. In the Dharampani area uncontrolled growth of tea shops, rest houses, camping cooking and other consequent litter is serious threats for the environment. An issue as reported by the local people is bio-piracy related to various insects and medicinal her bsare collected illegally. Such activities have caused the environment degradation rapidly in Sworgadwari area/region. Lack of alternative energy, increasing dependence on fuel wood, grass for cattle and the increasing number of lodges and houses construction have resulted deforestation.Item Rajan Prasad Pokhrel's Beyond the life lines: A critique of Nepalese Socio-Cultural Paradigm(Department of English,, 2017) Bohara, Rup BahadurThis study analyzes and explores the novel Beyond the life lines written by Rajan Prasad Pokhrel as a socio-cultural paradigm that aims to present an analysis of the novels plot-characters to show how the novel brings out with socio-cultural problems of the Nepalese society and presents a slice of its history. The main issue of this study is to refer social and cultural problems prevailed in the then Nepalese society with an inadequacy of the political independence for the marginalized people. The study uses the political-cultural theories to analyze the text. Within and around the political-cultural aspects, the study uses the concept of class struggle, exploitation,dehumanization, oppression and humiliation to analyze the issue in the study. The novel begins with a short introduction of the writer and his background, introducing the political-cultural aspects, and then presenting an in-depth analysis of the novel's plot and characters to show how it is a critique of the Nepalese society. The study finds that Pokhrel reflects the social problems of the then society through his novel.The concepts of high caste and low caste, the touchability and untouchability, and the aristocrats and the ordinary people are based on the amounts of power being used. Insecurity, indeterminacy, uncertainty, humiliation and political short sightedness, lack of commitments and unfair practices and a number of discrepancies in almost all areas have caused serious frustration and fugitive tendencies in the people.Nepal experienced a large amount of bloodsheds in the recent years, but the people's expectations of the progressive transformations in the social and political systems have been badly betrayed by the political leaders.The sufferings of the punishments of the poor, helpless and deserted women on the false charges of witch and witch-crafts are still alarmingly formidable in the backward areas. This research concludes that progress and reformation are very important for the people of all walks of life which is possible only through dynamic and revolutionary thoughts.Item Representation of Disability in Helen Keller’s Autobiography The Story of My Life(Department of English, 2012) Paudel, SheelaThis thesis talks about Helen Keller, an inspiration to us all not only for her sheer will power to never give up when faced with near impossible tasks but her desire to accomplish all her goals in life, never letting her disabilities hold her back. By overcoming difficult conditions with a great deal of persistence, Helen grew into a respected and world-renowned activist who labored for the betterment of others. My argument is that, disability is not a human weakness or a misfortune but with hard work, determination, and imagination one can overcome his\her disability and become a star giving hope to millions, and giving her\himself the gift of freedom. Such people are a motivation for others, by proving that nothing is impossible whenone have the will and determination to do it.Item Socio-Cultural & Economic Status of Dhimal Community (A Case Study of Urlabari Vdc, Morang, Nepal)(Department of Rural Development, 2011-11) Dhungana, Nirmal PrasadThis thesis entitled ‘Socio-cultural & Economic Status of Dhimal Community: A case study of Urlabari VDC, Ward No. 9. Morang’. The general objective of the study is to find out the socio-cultural & economic status of Dhimal people of Urlabari VDC, Ward No. 9, Morang District. Dhimal Community is back warded in every sector. The study attempts to documents the socio-economic and cultural pattern of the study area. This research is basically based in Urlabari VDC of Ward No. 9 of the Dhimal Community. In this community there are 200 Dhimal households. The researcher used census method for this study. All of the 200 households have been used for the primary data collection. Secondary data has been collected from different journal and publications. The major findings of this research are: The family structure of Dhimal people is being transformed from joint and expanded family to nuclear family with the modernity. Before a time, Dhimal people engaged in agriculture as well as fishing and hunting but now the trend is changed. They are interested and devoted to recruit in non-agricultural sector such foreign employment, police, army, teaching and other services which give the monthly salary. The proportion of Dhimal people enrollment is decreased with the increment of level of education. The rate of reduction with each upper level of education is comparatively higher of females than males that indicate the less favorable condition to gain education achievement for the females in the Dhimal Community. Hence, they are socially and economically backward and distress than males and they are compelled to limit only at home. The trend of changing religion has been increased in Dhimal community; they are adopting Christian religion due to the lower level of economic status and lack of knowledge. Dhimal people are being landless day by day due to spent money to celebrate their festivals i.e. unproductive sector. Socially, economically and politically Dhimal people are poor and distress. They are deprived from so many facilities due to their simple and honest character as well as the poor social and economic status. This research study will be useful for policy makers and development practitioner those who are involving in ethnicity sector