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Item An Assessment of Good Governance in Community Forest User Group's (A Case Study of Gorkha District Nepal)(Department of Sociology / Anthropology, Prithvi Narayan Campus, Pokhara, 2008) Adhikari, Shekhar BahadurNepal’s Community Forestry is among the most widely known initiative in common pool resources management. During its 25 years of implementation, over one million hectares of forest land has been handed over to 14500 forest user groups for management till mid-May, 2008. Community forestry is considered one of the most successful development programs in Nepal and enjoys international recognition. The main reason for this success is its people-centered approach. Community Forestry User Groups (CFUGs) are the locally authorized institution to lead community forestry into success. As with other institutions, good governance is crucial in CFUGs to fight with the governance-related issues like elite domination, low transparency, and accountability, low participation especially of the women, dalits and poor users. These issues eventually affect sound forest management and livelihood prospects of forest users. So, with a view to find out the status of good governance in CFUGs of Gorkha District of Nepal, this study has focused on good governance within CFUGs in four major dimensions: transparency, participation, accountability and predictability. The empirical data for this study was collected from seven CFUGs of Jaubari VDC, Shreenathkot VDC, Gankhu VDC, Prithivi Narayan Municipality, Dhuwakot VDC, Palungtar VDC and Warpak VDC of Gorkha district. The CFUGs were selected according to stratified random sampling method. Focus group discussion, key informant interview and direct observation were the methods used for Data collection. Major findings of the study are: CFUGs have been able to maintain good stage of participation and transparency having 68.85% 58.03% score respectively. However, proportionate representation in EC, inclusive participation in decision making is still lacking. Only the 42.41% of the user members are found to be accountable to their duties, function and rules and regulations. Equitable distribution of resources and poor focused program found to be weak. Predictability of the CFUGs in the study site is found to be at poor stage having 44.63% score. All the CFUGs have good network with their federation but co-ordination, linkages and human resource development system found weak. In overall, the community forestry user groups have been able to maintain 53.23% good governance in the study sites. Moreover it can be generalized that the CFUGS in Gorkha district are marching towards the path of attaining good governance capabilities. In order to achieve the highest level of good governance, it will require a concerted effort of program interventions, additional research, and internal and external policy changes by CFUGs, District Forest Office and other key stakeholders at all level.Item An Assessment of Lifestyle Change Among the Kamaiya after Liberation (A Case Study of Bankhet, Rajhena VDC of Banke)(Department of Sociology/Anthropology Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Prithvi Narayan Campus, Pokhara, 2009) Banstola, SharadaNot AvailableItem Change in Rituals Among the Limbu Community: A Case Study of Jorpati VDC, Kathmandu(Department of Sociology/Anthropology Prithwi Narayan Campus, Pokhara, 2011) Sodemba, MahesworLimbus are the migrant ethnic group in the Kathmandu valley. They have been migrated at different parts of Kathmandu from the time immemorial. Among the various parts of Kathmandu, Jorpati VDC is one of them. After their migration into this study area, they have been practicing their life cycle ceremonies according to Limbu Mundhums. During the performance of birth, marriage and death rituals, they have used symbols with their specific meanings which have been identified in this study. After their migration, there has been found some changes in the forms of rituals due to various process of cultural changes such as modernization, acculturation, urbanization, sanskritization and also due to the various changing factors such as ecological factor, technological factor, demographic factor, economic factor, political factor and other factors such as issue of ethnic identity. Hence, all these causes and factors are described in this study to know about the changing forms of rituals practiced by the migrant Limbus residing in Jorpati VDC, Kathmandu.Item Comarative Study on Livelihoo Comarative Study on Livelihood Strategy of Widows: ( A Case Study on Armed Conflict Victim Widows in Kathmandu Valley)(Central Department of Sociology/Anthropology, 2009) Rana, Sabitri DeviNot AvailableItem Domestic Violence Against Women: A Study of Tharu Community of Anarmani VDC, Jhapa(Central Department of Sociology/Anthropology, 2010) Rai, Dew KalaNot AvailableItem Domestic Violence Against Women: A Study on Tamng Community of Jamdaha VDC, Ward No. 8 and 9, Siraha.(Central Department of Sociology/Anthropology, 2011) Waiba, BinitaNot AvailableItem Enrollment of Student in Government School- A Case Study of Viswa Niketan Higher Secondary School(Central Department of Sociology/Anthropology, 2009) Neeta, ShresthaNot AvailableItem Enrollment of Student in Government School- A Case Study of ViswaNiketan Higher Secondary School(Central Department of Sociology/Anthropology Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur Kathmandu, Nepal, 2009-04) Shrestha, Neetanot availableItem Household Level Gender Discrimination on Boys and Girls of Darai Community of Vyas Municipality-5, Sewor, Tanahun(Department of Sociology/Anthropology Prithwi Narayan Campus Pokhara,, 2011) Gurung, MayaNot AvailableItem Impact Study of Income Generation Programme Implemented by JIDCO (A Case Study of Pakala VDC of Pyuthan District)(Department of Sociology/Anthropology Prithvi Narayan Campus, Pokhara, 2011) Koirala, Arjun PrasadThis study deals with the Income Generation Programme (IGP), one of the programs run by Jhimruk Industrial Development Centre (JIDCO) with an aim to improve the livelihood and economic status of people living in 9 VDCs that are affected by the construction of Jhimruk Hydro Power. The general objective of this study was to identify the level and perception of local people and their participation in the programmes and trainings run by JIDCO. The specific objectives of the study were to assess the perception and participation of people in the Income Generation Program (IGP) implemented by JIDCO, to assess the socio-economic impact of it and to examine strength and weakness of it. JIDCO has been implementing its IGP programmes in all 9 VDCs including Pakala, which are directly affected by the construction of Jhimruk Hydro Power project. The researcher selected Pakala VDC from among 8 other VDCs as it was more convenient for him to conduct this study from the give time constraint and budget. The study is basically based on empirical data along with available pertinent secondary data. For data generation multi-methodological approach was applied. For primary data generation, household survey of both non-participant and participant respondents, key-informant interview, focus-group discussion and observation methods were applied. Besides these field diary was also maintained to be more reliable information. The sample size was 50(25 participant respondents and 25 non-participant respondents) in total. The researcher had collected the name-list of the participants and select respondents from among them. The sampling size was 50% (25 respondents) of the people who had participated in IGPs. From the participant respondents, 12 % quota was reserved for the artisan and 20% each for women and ethnic group as JIDCO had informed that they were comparatively excluded and economically poor than Chhetry and Brahmin in the VDC. Likewise, to get better understanding about the impact of income generation programme, 25 non-participant respondents were selected. Caring the report of JIDCO about less participation from artisan and women from the VDC, the researcher had allocated 40% quota (20% each) for artisans and women and the rest 60% for economically poor, indigenous, ethnic and other caste groups. To find out non-participant respondent who was economically poor in the village the researcher had taken the help of key-informants. For the selection of the households, the simple random sampling method was used. The study is descriptive and analytical in nature in which descriptive statistic is applied for the analysis of the data. The analysis of the data was done manually. From the study it was found that all the respondents had positive remarks about JIDCO though it has to go for some correction in its some aspects. If was discovered that the family type, landholding size and educational level of the people were more influencing socio-economic factors that had determined poor and inactive participation in the study area. In general, income generating trainings provided to the local people by JIDCO’s were successful to increase their income to some extent. The trainees are acutely facing capital and market problem so that they fear to start their own enterprise. Nearly half portion (52%) of participant respondents had run their own enterprises. Those respondents who have not started their own enterprise stated that lack of money, availability of pesticides, lack of time, market and confidence are their problems. The local people of the study area have positive attitude towards IGPs, but their major comment was that their training period was very short. And it was found that there wasn’t proper dissemination about JIDCO and its programs that are highly appreciative in themselves. There is no effective initiation in field of raising awareness and the result is that the minority privileged group is benefited more that the poor. Majority of trainees who had taken enterprise development trainings are successful to improve their socio-economic status. The entrepreneurship development scenario is also satisfactory and 48 percent trainees have accepted that the trainings they had taken were much helpful for them and they have increased their income than earlier. The improved earning has enabled them for better schooling to their offspring, better clothes and, more comfortable life. Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are suggested for the improvement and better functioning of the Income Generation Programs: • JIDCO is recommended to initiate for right based (political, economic, social, property, educational, development process, women so on) and demand based approach. • So far, capital is the major barrier of the trainees to run their own enterprises in the study area JIDCO has to either arrange credit facility for the potential entrepreneurship or should coordinate and liaise with other organizations for it. • The emic1 approach that is dominant in almost all programs have to be discouraged and go for application of etic2 approach. • Since the level of awareness, education, economy, gender, caste/ethnicity, age, geographical distance, etc. are the sensitive elements in the field of development these should be cared most. Similarly, the gap between the training and the need of people should be reduced. The elements widening the gap between two must be identified and effective curriculum should be developed with participatory approach. • Should run trainings and programs in the off-farming period. • Conduct regular talk programs with the local people along with the teachers, and other rural elites for creating awareness. • Use media for information flow, awareness building and activate the participants showing documentary films on the related subjects. Besides, JIDCO should give continuity to reward the best participant for best performance. Take them to the field trip as their reward. And for the field trip select the concerning exemplary site. • Enroll local volunteers and mobilize them in the working sites for better result with less expense. For volunteers, JIDCO can select students or unemployed youngsters adding a new chapter in its working area in the field of development. In the case of student volunteers, it can mobilize them in the off-school days. This procedure is not only cost effective but also more result oriented. Further, it creates job opportunity to the local people and career development opportunity to the youngsters.Item Knowledge and Attitude Towards HIV/AIDS Among Secondary School Adolescents(Central Department of Sociology/Anthropology, 2009) Puspa, GhimireNot AvailableItem Livelihood Strategy of Mushar Community: A Case Study of Baijanathpur VDC, Morang(Central Department of Sociology /Anthropology, 2009) Ghimire, Kedar PrasadMushar are marginalized caste group people deprived of various basic facilities like education, health, communication, electricity and other services that are the essential factors for the development of the modern citizen. The present thesis “Livelihood strategy of the Mushar community: a case study of Baijanathpur VDV, Morang” is formulated according to the statement of the problems. The main objectives of this thesis are: to describe socio-cultural condition, to examine the livelihood strategies and to find out the change in livelihood of Mushar community due to modernization. To get the objectives, 75 households are taken to the cluster sampling out of 323 households. Mushar people of Baijanathpur VDC practices multifarious strategies to maintain their livelihood. Such practices include wage labor, agriculture, animal husbandry, migration, investment and saving. Agriculture, with lesser impact of modernization is yielded to wage-oriented agriculture. Year-long food deficiency and loss of Mohi authority, is attributed to weaken the agricultural situation of Muahar community people. Animal husbandry, particularly poultry, despite of any hybrid animals and sufficient land for shedding and cultivation is mounting up due to the developed market in nearby village. Rickshaw pulling, Rajmistri, Janman, labor at factory and industry are the chief wage- related activities which are of utmost importance livelihood strategy of majority households of Mushars. Emigration to India, though traditional, particularly to Delhi and Punjab, is increased which is much helpful to support their livelihood and the occupation is suffice to introduce them with outside world. Saving at banks and co-operatives is significant. The consumption of modern equipments like Motorcycle and car is totally not seen but the use of television, DVD, CD, VCD and mobile increased with untapped electricity. The expenditure is below the poverty line which is, more precisely, less in education and health. With uneven income and sources for earning, the Mushar community might be the victim of social discrimination and the Mushar community people might be discriminated as haves and haves not group which might collapse the unity and cohesiveness of community in future. So, the Mushar community people are afflicted despite of some changes.Item Local perception on and adaptation to climate change(Central Department of Sociology /Anthropology Tribhuvan University Katmandu, Nepal, 2010-09) Poudel, PrakashNot availableItem Maghi Festival of Tharus :A Study of Hekuli VDC in Dang District(Central Department of Sociology/ Anthropology Tribhuvan University Kritipur, Kathmandu, Nepal, 2009) KC, Rajannot availableItem Manandhars of Kathmandu: A Study on Continuity and Change in Marriage Practices(Central Department of Sociology and Anthropology, 2009) Manandhar, PrabinaNot AvailableItem Occupational Mobility and Alteration in the Indigenous Resource Management Practice of the Jalari Community of Pokhara Valley(Department of Sociology / Anthropology Prithvi Narayan Campus, 2011) Adhikari, Bhola NathThe major objective of this study is to draw on alteration in occupational structure among the Jalari Community of Phewa Lake. To that end, research questions were raised and combinations of qualitative and quantitative methods were adopted. On the basis of the research objectives, indigenous fishing practices of the Jalari community of Phewa Lake were analyzed and explained in detail. Further, the alterations occurring in their occupational structure have also been explored extensively. The other major task was to examine the increasing linkages of the Jalari community to Phewa Lake concerning resource management and utilization. Observation, interview, and focus group discussions were adopted as a part of techniques of anthropological research so as to collect data. However, the primary data played a dominant role into drawing a valid conclusion. Some relevant and useful secondary data were also incorporated. To give a vivid picture of the lifestyle and occupational activities of both of the generations of the Jalari community, case studies representing traditional experience, occupational alteration within the generation, and modern skill and technology were depicted. The concept of common property resource user has shown the best way of resource management in study area as well as Nepalese society which can fit well into increasingly emphasized grassroots level for democratic decision-making, participatory development and fair equity distribution. Here, the Jalari community's traditional resource utilization patterns have been replaced by non-caste occupation and many western or matured modern technologies that affect the life of the inhabitants’ traditional privilege. The major traditional occupation of the Jalari community is fishing at small streams and lakes in their vicinity with traditional technology and skills. In fact, the community got its name Majhi owing to the occupation of fishing itself. Sweeping, knitting and unpaid labour are also the works that this community has been doing for their livelihood. However, occupational mobility and alterations are the inherent nature of every society, from traditional to the modern ones. Two types of occupational mobility are commonly practiced in a community--open system (horizontal) which is related to achieved and closed system (vertical) related to ascribed. Achieved status or occupation is the cultural position attained by a person or group through their own effort and the process of modernization, acculturization, westernization, urbanization and so on. This study deduced that unlike the traditional lifestyle, this type of shift gives the individual a life which is more precious and easier to live in the community. In such type of mobility, competition among the members of society or caste group is encouraged and each individual gets an opportunity to upgrade his lifestyle and status in the society, purely on merit basis. Among the jalari community owing to the modern instruments, availability of new technology and modernization trend this community has been found taking leap from their traditional occupation to modern ones. They are in the process of shifting or transforming their traditional occupation of fishing with traditional technology, sweeping, knitting and unpaid labour to modern or non-caste occupations like Foreign Service, driving, or wage-based labour. Under the closed system, which is in stark contrast to the open system, social status and occupational practices of community members are exclusively guided and limited by the norms and values of that community. When it comes to the Jalari community, its occupational practices were limited to fishing by hand-net, hooks, boating, sweeping and unpaid labour. Of late, however, within the system the Jalari families have brought a new dimension to their traditional occupations. The occupation has witnessed a massive change in the form of different modern technologies, skills and assistance: cage fish farming, fishing by Tayari Jal and Maha Jal and the formation of Jalari welfare committees and co-operatives are some to name a few. The main causes behind such occupational alteration has been found to be diverse population, depletion of natural resources, increasing linkage to market, different opportunities for achieved occupation, education, foreign employment, and so on. The study result also squabbled that fisheries in Phewa Lake have proven to be highly beneficial in supporting the lives of the Jalari community living in the vicinity. The study showed that natural, physical and financial capitals are fully utilized in the community while human and social capital still needs to be further enhanced. Lack of education and awareness towards it were evident amongst the community. However, compared to the yesteryear lifestyle and occupational practices of the Jalari community, the study has found that the older generation, nowadays, has been striving hard to manage and utilize local resources in order to sustain their lives through an occupation that has long been the symbol of their cultural identity and a way of life, whereas, the younger generation is lured by the prospects of better lifestyle and secure future the modern world has offered to them. The very conflict of interests between these two generations of the community has endangered the entire occupation. To make the matter worse, the non-caste invasion into fishing has served a severe blow for those few members of the younger generation attempting to sustain their life through fishing. As a result, they are left with no option than to consider alternative occupations like driving, foreign employment, construction labour, among others. To wind up, owing to various reasons like population, time, technology, awareness and expectations in and outside the Jalari community, it has of late witnessed a massive occupational shift from traditional to the modern ones.Item "People's Perception towards Tuberculosis; A Study of Tansen-7, Palpa(Department of Socilogy/Anthropology Prithvi Narayan Campus Pokhara, 2011) Neupane, Bishwo NathNot AvailableItem People’s Participation in Micro-Hydro Project an Anthropological Study of the Putputte Khola MHP Chisapani, Syangja(Department of Sociology and Anthropology Prithwi Narayan Campus, Pokhara, 2011) Sigdel, Resham RajEnergy is one of the basic components in the development process of providing economic and social benefits to the people. It remains an essential ingredient of human progress and prosperity. It is clear that the country’s economic development requires access to secure affordable and sustainable energy. Nepal is facing the problem of energy crisis despite its owing huge hydro-power potential. The country’s economy doesn’t provide enough economic basis for a large-scale investment for the exploitation of hydro-potentials and for laying transmission and distribution network in rural areas. In this context micro hydropower development can play the role of catalyst in rural development. Among the form of energy sources, MHP is a proven source of power for remote rural hills of Nepal. The occurrence of this source is rather wide spread in remote rural hills of Nepal. Therefore, MHP wherever available, is the prime source of electricity for remote rural hills of Nepal. Nowadays, people’s participation has become a sharp tool for developing such projects, which can be a useful and sustainable means in this sector. This study focuses in the institutional process, participation in decision making, implementation and in benefit sharing and affecting factors relation to people’s participation and changed knowledge and skill of MHUG of Chisapani VDC, Syangja District. The main objectives of the study are: i) To find out the effectiveness of people’s participation in Putputte micro-hydro project. ii) To find out the factors effecting in participation. iii) To examine the changes of peoples' skill and knowledge. To meet the objectives of study, primary data were collected from the field visit. At first, ward no. of the VDC was selected from cluster sampling method; again respondents were selected from the random sampling. Then the data were collected from questionnaire schedule, key informants interview, direct observation methods and formal and informal group discussion. The secondary data were collected from various published and unpublished material related to micro-hydropower and people’s participation. These data were analyzed descriptively and analytically There is heterogeneous composition of various caste and ethnic groups in the study area. Almost 70 percent households were higher castes and rests of them were ethnic castes and lower castes. As a whole, there is a majority of female household heads because of males involvement in foreign employment. Brahmin has the highest sex ratio as compared to other caste/ ethnic groups. Most of the respondents were literate. Most of the families were nuclear type. Average family size was 5.70 Major income sources of the households were foreign employment, services, livestock and agriculture respectively. Persons, more than half households, have been found working in foreign countries. All the basic facilities related to electricity are obtained by the people. It helps to improve their information level as well as to save the forest existing in the local village. The electricity has been found using for various daily affairs like- lighting houses, charging mobile battery, watching TV, listening radios, ironing clothes, operating mills, running computer and photocopy centers etc. structure of the houses are also found changed from traditional to improved cemented and having tin roof. Many of the houses have made improved stove (sudhriyako Chulo) cooking and constructed toilets. Working committee of MHP has been working efficiently. Committee members are working with the participation of all the users rather using their own decision. Respondents are satisfied with the work of present committee. The project was implemented according to the Community Work Plan. According to this, the work to be done from the initiation to the end of the project was planned by the users in a systematic way. There was no any type of biasness appeared among the users according their caste/ ethnic groups, higher and lower castes, anybody’s political thought, poor and rich, gender etc. All the decision has been taken on the basis of consensus of the users. Everyone’s problems, suggestion and sayings have been taken seriously. There was not any serious conflict appeared among the users in relation with the project. No serious conflict appeared among the users regarding the project. The cost sharing, benefit sharing, conflict resolution, resource distribution and allocation, gender integration, labor participation were the sort of participation etc. There is a provision of a post of 3 technicians for the maintenance and other related works. The collected monthly fee and the fines which obtained from various causes are used for the operation and maintenance of the system and the remaining amount goes to a fund. It has also been used for community’s wellbeing. Previous to beginning the project, there was no electricity in the village. Only few of the households had solar plants for lighting houses. Completion of Putputte MHP has really changed the face of nearby villagers. This situation is resulted due to the active participation of the people in all the activities related from the initial stage to the final stage. After the completion of the project for the operation and maintenance they keep the consumption of electricity as much what the installed meter shows. Who consumes up to 10 units of electricity pays the minimum charge i.e. Rs.100 whereas if consumption unit goes up per unit charge also goes up. Thus, the project was implemented by the initiation of the local people by organizing themselves as it was their ‘felt need’. The existence of a rural association is a must in mobilizing village resources. The MH user committee came into being to mobilize cash, labor and material for the implementation of the project to the operation and maintenance phase. The common sense of ownership of the people is also a significant part to triumph the project and its sustainability.Item Role of Dalit in Decision Making Process in NGO : A Study Based on Parbat District(Department of Sociology/ Anthropology Prithvi Narayan Campus Pokhara,, 2011) Rasali, ShakuntalaNot AvailableItem Role of Social Capital in Sustainability of Community Managed Water Supply and Sanitation Projects A Comparative Case Study of Lyakhu, Kapan and Chhapdanda Water Supply Projects(Department of Sociology/Anthropology Prithvi Narayan Campus, 2011) Dhakal ( Pokharel), SunitaNot Available