Browsing by Subject "Solid waste"
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Item Assessment of change in ground water and surface water quality in the nearby area due to solid waste at Sisdol Sanitary Landfill Site, Nuwakot(Department of Environment Science, 2009) Thapa Shrestha, UjjwalAvailable with full textItem Occupational Health Hazards of Solid Waste in Sanitary Workers of Bhaktapur Municipality(Department of Zoology, 2011) Duwal, ChanchalaThe study was conducted among sanitary workers of Bhaktapur Municipality, Nepal from December 2009 to September 2010. The study design was descriptive cross sectional and was designed in three categories; questionnaires filling, health check up and stool examination. The sample size for these three studies was 60. The collected data was analyzed in SPSS 11.5 version. The most common health complication/problem was musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) found in 41(73.2%). The 2nd and 3rd were gastrointestinal disorder (GIS) found in 24(42.9%) and respiratory problem found in 20(35.7%) respectively. The least common health complication/problem was cancer found in only 1(1.8%). MSD was most prevalence in compositors, waste pickers and sweepers. Out of 7 compositors, all of them (100%) were suffering from MSD. Out of 12 waste pickers, 10(83.3%) of them were suffering and out of 18 sweepers, 15(83.3%) of them were suffering. The least suffering group from MSD were drivers. Gastrointestinal disorder was most prevalence in waste pickers (75%) and waste loaders (61%). Respiratory problem was mostly reported in sweepers (50%) and waste pickers (41.7%). Higher number of waste pickers (58.3%) and compositors (42.9) were suffering from chest pain. It was found that there is significant difference in infections/health problems due to professions. (Oneway ANOVA, P=0.05, d.f.=4,20, F=3.74). The findings show that there is no significant risk of infections/health problems to safety practitioners (P=0.05, d.f.=6, Chi square =11.81) and significant difference of infections/health problems with job duration (P=0.05, d.f.=4, Chi square=9.488). They have no practice of regular health check up and only 17% were vaccinated against the Hepatitis B. Out of 60 stool samples 28(46.66%) was positive of intestinal parasites. The most common intestinal parasite was Ascaris lumbricoides 18(30.0%). Other parasites detected include Trichuris trichiura 5(8.88%), Ancylostoma duodenale 4(6.66%), Entamoeba histolytica 3(5.0%), Giardia lamblia 3(5.0%) and Strongyloides stercoralis 2(3.33%). 100% of respondents who have no practice of hand washing were infected with intestinal parasites and 79% of respondents who do not use soap were infected with intestinal parasites. Waste pickers (69.2%) and waste loader (50.0%) were found to be most infected group with intestinal parasites among sanitary workers.Item Solid Waste Management in Gangtok Bazaar, Sikkim(Department of Geography, 2006) Tamang, RajaniNot availableItem Solid Waste Management Practice: A Case Study of Ilam Municipality-7 Ilam, Nepal(Department of Rural Development, 2023) Adhikari, BandanaThe thesis entitled "Solid Waste Management Practice in Ilam Municipality -7 Ilam District" highlights the situation of solid waste management practices in study area. General objective of this study is to analyze the situation of solid waste management in Ilam municipality ward no 7. Ilam municipality ward no 7, main core area is the sample site of this study. Total population of the wards is 5744 (ward profile, 2079). In the city area there are 202 households among them 25% households (50) were taken as sample household. From each household single individual was taken for interview by busing Simple Random sampling method. The present study was based both primary and secondary data. Solid wastes are a growing environmental problem in the study area. Increase in population along with the rapid upland settlement has led to the increase in waste generation rate in the study area. Furthermore, change in living standard of the people and change in food habit and readymade packing system have increased the rate of inorganic waste. All these have added to the problems in solid waste management which is a global issue. The major sources of solid waste in Ilam municipality are municipal, domestic, commercial and agricultural, which consists of both organic and inorganic. The total waste generated in Study area has been increasing day by day. The citizen should be encouraged by the authority for the segregation of wastes at household level. They shall promote recycling or reuse of segregated materials. Waste minimization efforts should be motivated at the primary and secondary levels of waste collection. The concerned authorities should adopt suitable technology, a combination of such technologies to make use of wastes so as to minimum burden on landfill. Landfill should be restricted to non-biodegradable and other wastes that are not suitable either for recycling or for biological processing. The concerned authority has to appoint more employees in order to extend their service area. Community participation should be increased and local NGOs as well as tole bikash sastha should be mobilized in solid waste management. Gap between staffs within the municipality should be omitted so that ongoing event inside the municipality could be easily known and should take responsibility on the people‟s work inside municipality i.e., institutional strengthen should be equipped and established.Item Study of protease activity of bacteria isolated from solid waste(Department Of Microbiology, 2009) Mainali Smriti Mainali, SmritiThe study was carried out at Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur from September 2008 to May 2009. Random sampling was adopted to collect altogether 20 samples of municipal solid waste from different sites within Kahtmandu Valley. The temperature of the solid waste was recorded at site using mercury thermometer while pH was recorded after transporting the samples to the laboratory. The indigenous proteolytic bacteria were isolated by spread plate technique on mineral base agar supplemented with 1% gelatin. Out of 113 isolates obtained, only 22 degraded gelatin incorporated in agar media and the rest were chemolithotrophs. On the basis of degree of hydrolysis, 3 potent gelatinase producers (laboratory code: K2.2i, R3.3i and R5.2iv) with diameter of zone of hydrolysis more than 20 mm were selected and identified on the basis of their morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. The isolates K2.2i and R5.2iv were Micrococcus spp. while R3.3i remained unidentified. Enzyme was extracted from these most potent isolates by fermentation. The crude enzyme extracts were assayed for secondary screening by cup plate assay and the isolates K2.2i and R3.3i exhibited similar gelatinase activity while R5.2iv was slightly less active. The enzymes from K2.2i and R3.3i were purified by acetone precipitation. The kinetics (temperature and pH) was studied and enzyme from K2.2i was foumd optimally active at 40C and pH 8 while that from R3.3i was optimally active at 370C and pH 9. The enzymes were further purified by ammonium sulphate fractionation. The 30%, 60% and 90% fractions of enzyme from K2.2i and only 30% and 60% fractions of enzyme from R3.3i revealed gelatinase activity during assay at 370C and pH 7. The activities of 60% fractions of both the enzymes were the highest while studied at different temperatures and pH. The obtained data was analyzed for analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired samples t-test using statistical software (SPSS version 11.5). From these analyses, significant effect of temperature (P=0.045 and P=0.014 for enzymes from R3.3i and K2.2i respectively) and pH (P=0.032 and P=0.078 for enzymes from R3.3i and K2.2i respectively) was observed on the enzyme activity. Also, ammonium sulphate fractionation can be significantly applied for purification of the enzymes. From the study of the temperature and pH condition of the piled up solid waste and the activity profile of the obtained enzymes, it can be concluded that both of these enzymes are suitable for their application in solid waste management; enzyme from K2.2i in the cold seasons while that from R3.3i at in warmer seasons. The study could be extended to field trial.