Browsing by Subject "Sustainable development"
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Item Covid-19 and its impacts in Nepal: An exploration of sustainable development, intersectionality,and social justice approaches(Department of International Relations and Diplomacy, 2021) Gautam, AmitWhile the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are multiple, this study explores the impacts on people’s income and its cascading impacts on four sustainable development proxy indicators – No poverty, Zero hunger, Good health and wellbeing, and Quality education, consequently affecting Nepal’s sustainable development. This study focuses also on how the intersectionality among these four goals is becoming visible in the way the pandemic is affecting the lives of marginalised communities, especially in Nepal. The study reviews laws, policies, and programmes of the Government of Nepal (GoN) related to each of these four goals to investigate the prevalence of the notion of resilience in these policies and whether and how have they considered the needs of vulnerable groups like the people living in poverty, workers in informal sectors, women, people with disabilities (PwDs), and those from minority and minoritized communities. These laws, policies, and guidelines are official documents of the GoN to understand where the government stands in terms of its preparation to protect the vulnerable communities and groups in crises. Finally, this research recommends more comprehensive and integrated social security schemes, such as insurance and immediate cash transfer, with special considerations for vulnerable populations such as the workers in informal sectors, the poor, women, children, and other structurally and systemically disadvantaged communities. As the adverse effects of the pandemic have put us in risk of increasing and widening disparities in the future, my recommendations focus on dealing with terror of virus at present by building socio-economic changes from the bottom-up strategies that center social justice approaches while making policies and implementing them. Key words: COVID-19, sustainable development, social justice, social protectionItem Impact of ecological sanitation toilets on sustainable development: A case study of Siddhipur village development committee of Lalitpur District, Nepal(Department of Rural Development, 2006) Shrestha, SamitaThe ecological sanitation, which is economically feasible, environmentally sustainable and based on a loop approach, is being promoted in different parts of agro based settlements. The double-vault urine diverting toilet, one of the options of ecological toilets, had constructed different peripheral communities of capital city. The beauty of ECOSAN toilet is assessed in terms of sustainable development in this study. Nepal is a poor and agricultural dominant country. Being a poor country, we have to import chemical fertilizers and pesticides from other countries. Use of this fertilizers and pesticides leads to soil degradation which in turn leads to low production and two steps backward to poverty. Besides, except core areas of metropolitan and sub metropolitan cities, there are no sewerage systems. So, the main problem is how to use human waste properly. The general objective of the study is to find out how ECOSAN toilet helps in the process of sustainable development. The specific objectives are functions of toilet, advantage over traditional sanitation system, impact of ECOSAN and social acceptance over the settlement of Siddhipur. Siddhipur is traditional farmers’ village located around 10 km southeast of Kathmandu in Lalitpur district. People are farming as an occupation, low rate of literacy, low level of income, poor sanitary condition, lack of sanitary facilities and lack of drinking facilities. Some of the sanitary practices are: nauga, sag and khikhamoga. Fifty-nine ECOSAN toilets and same number. of households are in control area are taken for the study. The households in the control area were respondents in the study area. Observation, household survey and questionnaire were main sources of primary information. Various theses, ECOSAN journals and websites, paper of workshops and seminars are main sources of secondary data. The ecological sanitation toilet can be promoted as a sustainable alternative. It is not only beneficial from the point of view of the excreta management and sanitation, but also from the point of view of nutrient recycling which is being lost as waste. ECOSAN toilet pan consists of a slab built over two vaults. The slab has a hole over each vault for the faeces to drop in and a funnel like device to collect the urine. It takes an average household six months to fill one of the vaults. Then second vault is used. The vault is emptied following an additional six months of sanitization and the material is taken to soil compost. Urine is never mixed in this system which is collected separately and can be applied as a fertilizer by diluting with water as necessary. It is found accepted as improved approach over traditional unhygienic practice of open defecation. ECOSAN is self modification in design and construction incorporating nauga and saga with ECOSAN. Its replacement in some cases and use of the unit constructing inside the dwelling with satisfaction can be taken as an evidence of cultural acceptance. The settlements of Siddhipur community feel comfortable to use the toilet. Besides, there is improvement in sanitation status. Moreover, acceptability is found higher in agro-based settlement due to its manure value and also suitable in low land settlements because of its water tightness or collection tank and constructed above the ground. ECOSAN toilet is found superior to conventional options of sanitation in terms of cost, social and technical acceptance and environment benefit. Urine separation or non-mixing system toilets are found accepted by the communities because of their manure value, improvement of traditional method, economic benefit, environmental benefit as well as social benefit. Yet, the people feel difficulty to use this type of toilet due to lack of public awareness. We need to make additional efforts for massive replication of the system, addressing the reservation, correcting defects and exploring benefits.Item Management of information system Dhulikhel hospital(Department of Management, 2011) Adhikari, Prakash ChandraNot availableItem Post Open Defecation Free Zone Assessment of Chilkhaya Village Development Committee: A Study of Chilkhaya VDC, Kalikot District, Nepal(Department of Rural Development, 2018) Shahi, ChaturbhujChilkhaya Village Development Committee (VDC) is one of the 18 th Open Defecation Free Zone Declared VDC (2014) in the Kalikot District with the Support of District Water Supply Sanitation, and Hygiene Coordination Committee, Kalikot. At the Time of ODF declaration, 817 and 269 household had constructed temporary and permanent toilets respectively for ending open defecation within the VDC, of which all the temporary toilets were destroyed due to inundation which left VDC to slip back to open defecation. The study aimed to assess and evaluate the present Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) condition of Chilkhaya VDC based on the individual Water Sanitation and Hygiene service level to achieve total sanitation. The research undertake in a descriptive and qualitative framework. The research used data triangulation a process of collecting data by using more than two methods. Relevant secondary data was obtained from documents, information on the internet, project record, and other published source of major stakeholders in WASH sector. For Primary data collection semi structured interviews, field visit and observation of the target communities and focus group discussion were undertaken in the study area. Out of 817 household in the VDC only 269 (32 %) household upgraded their toilets to permanent one, 208 household have temporary toilet. It was found out that 68 % of total household in the VDC are back to open defecation at present. Five major indicators for total sanitation were assessed for the VDC, which revealed that very few households were found in the position to achieve total sanitized status. Technological and behavioral challenges were found to have played major roles in constructing toilets. The peoples’ attitude like “Jamindar/Aguwa le ta Charpi banayena hami le kasari banune” hinder them from using toilets. The study concludes that “More focus should be given on behavior change both during ODF movement and after ODF declaration”, which is lagging in the context of Chilkhaya VDC. Ending open defecation is a first significant step to an entry point of changing behavior towards total sanitation. VDC/VWASHCC needs regular monitoring for the household toilet construction and implementation with high priority of updated VWASH plan with post ODF strategy for improving WASH service level. The study also analyzed the simple statistical tools are used of analysis between major indicators in achieving total sanitation in Chilkhaya VDC. Of many sanitation indicators, use of toilet, personal cleanliness and cleanliness of inside and outside of households, found to focus more as small changes on these indicators could have huge impacts on the total sanitation which seek deemed importance to declare “Total Sanitation”. Within these main indicators also, different sub-indicators such as construction of toilets under Regular use of toilets need to be emphasized more. Similarly, hand washing with soap after defecation and before cooking and taking meals of many needs to be carefully looked on to. For cleanliness of inside household promotion of improved cooking stove is necessary.Item The Role of Biogas for Sustainable Development in Nepal: A Case Study of Niglihawa VDC of Kapilvastu District(Department of Sociology, 2014) Yadav, Maheshwar PrasadDevelopment is the process of developing or being developed. It means that positive changes are regarded as development. Sustainable development is a pattern of resources use in such a way that present needs can be met without destroying the ability for the future generations to meet their needs. Hence, sustainable development comprises of environmental sustainability, economic sustainability and social sustainability. Furthermore, energy is an essential ingredient of socio-economic development. Renewable energy is energy that comes from resources which are continually replenished such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat. Reliable and sustainable supply of energy is the basic needs of the people for meaningful life including cooking, lighting and economic activities. Furthermore, renewable energy technologies (RETs) such as biogas, solar and micro-hydro are widely promoted in Nepal and biogas only considered for this study. The major objective of this study is to examine role of biogas for sustainable development in Nepal based on a case study of Niglihawa VDC of Kapilvastu district. Its specific objectives are: 1) to analyze the role of biogas for quality of life through livelihood enhancement by improving health & hygiene and developing micro-enterprises; 2) to examine the role of biogas for protecting environment through forest conservation and pollution reduction; and 3) to evaluate the role of biogas for cultural development in the context of Nepal. In order to conduct this study, descriptive cum analytical research design has been employed. This study has based on both primary and secondary data. This study has used cross-sectional secondary data at National level of Nepalese biogas sector for the period of 1992/93 to 2012/13. Likewise, the primary data have collected by using structured questionnaire to get opinion of biogas users. Sixteen household out of twenty two users have been selected randomly for the study at Niglihawa-6 of Kapilvastu district. The data has edited, tabulated and analyzed through applied statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 which facilitates the process of data analysis in a more precise and appropriate way. Moreover, the simple statistical techniques of analysis such as table, percentage, graphs, and correlation coefficient (r) have been employed to a number of cases in this study. v Likewise, White's formula has used in this study to assess the role of biogas for cultural development. The study suggests existence of the role of biogas for sustainable development by determining its role for quality of life, protecting environment, and cultural development. Based on the analysis of the primary and secondary data, the results revealed these three conclusions. First, biogas plays important role for quality of life through improving health and sanitation, creating enterprises and employment, utilizing bio-slurry as feed and fertilizer. Second, biogas contributes for protecting environment in relation to forest conservation and reduction of pollution. Finally, biogas plays important role for social and cultural development. The results have shown that the biogas plays positive role for cultural changes in cooking practices, use of toilet, and the role of women in social activities. Based on White’s model using national data, the results show that cultural development moves in the same direction with total plants installed over the year as the correlation coefficient (r) between two is 0.81. There is very high degree of positive correlation between these two variables. It means if total plants increase then the degree of cultural development also increases and vice versa. Hence, biogas plays an essential role for the economic and social development as well as protecting environment that contributes for sustainable development in one way or another.Item Sustainable Development Education Pattern in Nepal(Department of Rural Development, 2007) Chapagain, DineshThe study was observed and carried out from April, 2006 to December, 2006. This study was targeted to find out involvement of Education pattern in sustainable development. The specific objective of this study was: i) to examine distinctive features of ESD. ii) to find out male-female enrolment ratio in primary education. iii) to elucidate rural-urban disparities in Education. This research is utterly based on secondary data only some relevant information is drawn from certain organizations and institutions which are working on Education & Sustainable Development sector. So there is no limitation on study area or any particular territory is observed, overall Nepal as a country is been taken as study area. Primary data was collected by questionnaire, interview and observation. Similarly the secondary data was collected from various published/unpublished books, magazine Internet Download and organizations. Secondary data is primarily focused in this Study & Research. The main principle of the study was to remind ‘Education for sustainability’ it is about learning to prevent the destruction of ecosystems, biodiversity threats, loss of forests and fisheries, air and water pollution but also addresses issues of intellectual property rights.Item Sustainable Institutio Development of Rbgs: A Case Study of Rural Access Programme Myanglung Ishibu District Road Terhathum District(Department of Rural Development, 2008) Devkota, Gyana HariIndigenous organization is as old as the community themselves. They are banding with social norms and values.They have been conducting various activities as per the objective of organization. Induct people based development organization have been forming through coordination among the various government and non government agencies. Government, donors and NGOs implement community development program such as education development, health development and other socio and economic development activities to obtain the objectives of the program. In practice various groups have been formed to lunch the social and economic development and long term sustainable institution development of the RBGs transport plus programs were implemented. This program was socio-economic development program, it has major three components like organization development of the Road Building Groups, Promotion of Income Generating Activities and coordination and linkage for sustainable Institution Development. So various training was conducted for organization development, income generation activities and institution development. To provide training on IGA, Local Resource Persons were developed on various commodities like fresh vegetable, Ginger Ackabare Khursani, Cardamom and Livestock service. They provide knowledge and skill at local level they easily get necessary training as per them need. Now, most of the RBGs members linked with mother organization like cooperative and other settlement level organization or formed new institution like Samudayak Bikas Sanstha (SABISA), Common Interest Group (CIG) like agriculture, ginger production. Although program have good intension for sustainable institution development of CBO, they could not sustain for a long time and only sustain at the time of backstopping support from the program and collapse after phase out of the program. So this thesis is written on the topic Sustainable Institution Development of RBGs. It provides various knowledge about institution development. The specific objective of the study are to analyze the implemented activities which conducted for institution development RBGs, to find out the existing knowledge of RBGs members about sustainable institutional development appropriate and to recommend for sustainable institution development of RBGs. Social science methodology is used to meet the set objectives. Accordingly sample survey, focus group discussion and key informant interview is being done. For this, interview schedule and checklist has been prepared. One hundred twenty members have been sampled purposively for this study. This study concluded that institution member should have broader knowledge about planning, implementation and coordination and linkage, fund raising for institution and any other activities as per need for sustainable institution development. Institution members have to develop methodology to achieve the objective of the institution.Item Water Users Group Participation in Irrigation Management in Hemja Irrigation Project, Hemja, Nepal(Department of Anthropology, 2017) Kunwar, AnitaAvailable with full text