Browsing by Subject "Water pollution"
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Item Adsorptive Removal of Metallic and Non- Metallic Pollutants from Water by Chemically Modified Natural ION Exchanger(Faculty of Chemistry, 2022) Poudel, Bhoj RajAvailable with full textItem The Effect of Tributaries on Water Quality Parameters of Bagmati River(Department of Chemestry, 2021) Rawal, Narendra BahadurUnplanned urbanization of Kathmandu city is creating many environmental issues, where worsening of Bagmati river water is one of the serious problems. The water quality of Bagmati river was characterized by collecting the real-time fine-scale data along the Bagmati river in the Kathmandu valley, using multi parameter sensor in winter season. The different physiochemical parameters viz., temperature, pH, conductivity, ORP, DO, salinity, TDS, and turbidity were monitored at 14 different locations from Gokarna to Balkhu. The spatial variation of water quality parameters revealed that the Bagmati river was comparatively less polluted between Gokarna to Tilganga and molecular oxygen present in the water was enough to decompose the organic pollutant. However, the water quality at downstream from Tinkune to Balkhu was degraded drastically making unfit for living organism. Temporal variation of water quality attributed that human activity significantly enhanced pollutants which severely degraded the water quality in the day time. The comparative study of water quality of Bagmati river and its tributaries showed that the chemical composition of the rivers were different from each other. Most of the parameters of all river water exceeded the WHO limit, ORP was positive for Bagmati river water but that was negative for other tributaries, which attributed that the tributaries of Bagmati river was highly polluted. The physiochemical parameters measured at upstream, downstream and at tributaries before mixing into the Bagmati river showed that tributaries and local pollutants from the human activities excessively loaded contaminants into the Bagmati river. The Water Quality Index (WQI) was varied between 25 to 50 for Bagmati river and its tributaries, which suggested that water quality of all rivers in the Kathmandu was bad. Keywords: Dissolved oxygen, oxidation reduction potential, pH, spatial variation, water pollution.Item Knowledge and Practice of Safe Drinking Water(Faculty of Health Education, 2018) Dahal, SaralaThe study is centred to safe drinking water. The main objectives of the study is 'knowledge and practice of safe drinking water among the people of Budhi Ganga Tole, Ward No. 4, Itahari Sub-Metropolitan City, Sunsari. This study is based on descriptive research design. For the study only the primary data was used. 105 household were selected from the Census Method. This thesis is structured in five parts: the first part deals with the introduction of title and theoretical background, second part reviews the related literature of the relevant work , third part deals with the methodology of the study, fourth part deals with the analysis and interpretation of data, and fifth part deals with summary, finding conclusion and recommendations. In this community of 105 household, where 525 total population were ( 39.04% male population and 61.53% female population. 69% literate and 28.57% were illiterate; 36.19% received information about safe drinking water from text-books, 28.57% have got information from TV, 20% have got information from the radio. Among the respondents, 12.38% of them said the right meaning of water pollution, 18.09% of them told right meaning of safe drinking water. Of them, 75.23% use tube well water for drinking, 24.76% use tap water. Of them, 11.42% use public source and 88.7% use private source. Most of the respondents (51.14%) use plastic water pot, others (48.86%) use metal pots. 47.61 of them wash water pot only with water; 2.85% use unsafe water, and 42.47 boil, 19.8 don’t know any idea, 62.29% say the source is 'clear', 13% say they drink 4-5 litre of water per day. 84.76% have pit toilet, and 15.23% have ventilated toilet, 14.28% told they protect water from germs. 31.42% have knowledge about arsenic and 13.33% don’t know about arsenic. 1.90% says housewife to be responsible for safe drinking water and 48.57% say government should be responsible for safe drinking water, others (49.53%) say others (NGO/INGO, Community, etc.); 48.57% dispose dirty water in kitchen garden and 42.5 % dispose dirty water haphazardly. Local government needs to aware them to improve disposal of dirty water, harms of dirty water, and practicable encourage water purification methods.Item Socio-cultural consequences of Phewa Lake water pollution an anthropological study in Pokhara(Department of Anthropology, 2009) Bhurtel, ShantaNot availableItem Study on Drinking Water Quality of Kathmandu and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Isolates(Department of Microbiology, 2007) Kafle, Prashanna RajThe bacteriological and physico-chemical analysis of the drinking water is veryimportant as it is directly related to the health of the people. This effort to assessdrinking water quality was performed during the period of March 2005 toJanuary 2006. It was carried out in water quality laboratory of Nepal watersupply corporation, Bansbari. During the study period a total of 100 water samples were randomly collectedfrom treatment plant, wells, stone spouts and public taps of Kathmandu Valley.Out of these, 72% of sample showed presence of total coliforms and 62%contained fecal coliforms, that exceed the WHO permissible level for drinkingwater. As well, other indicator and pathogenic bacteria were detected, the percentage of which are as: Escherichia coli 44%, Enterobacter spp. 26%,Klebsiellaspp.22%,Salmonellaspp. 5%, and Shigellaspp. 3%. Simultaneously, physico-chemical parameters were also analyzed. Majority ofthe samples showed values within WHO standard limit for drinking water. Thevalues for appearance, p H , iron, ammonia were found above permissible level in the percentage range 10%, 10%, 20%, and 25% respectively. Isolated bacteria were also tested for antibiotic susceptibility patterns. The result showed Tetracycline 90% sensitive, Chloramphenicol 100% sensitive,Ampicillin 100%, resistant, Of loxacin 80% sensitive and Cephalexin 90%resistant. Frequency of multiple-antibiotic resistant (MAR) against antibiotics with in species are as:E. coli20%,Enterobacterspp.12%,Citrobacterspp.5%,Klebsiellaspp.20% and Salmonellaspp. 25%.