Browsing by Subject "Women empowerment"
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Item Cost and benefits of migrants from remittance income: A case study of Jahada VDC, Nawalparasi District(Department of Economics, 2016) Bhandari, PrabhuNot availableItem Economic Impact of Microfinance in Nepal (A Case Study of Ranibagiya Municipality, Rupandehi District)(Department of Management, 2021) Gautam, BinitaThis study has been carried out on “Impact of Microfinance on Women Empowerment in Ranibagiya, Sainamaina” is carried out by using primary data collection in the field survey. The field survey covers Sainamaina Municipality-5,Ranibagiya. 160 women aged 23 to 62 years are selected under the purposive samplings, who have taken loan at least one time. The main objective of the study is to explore the impact of microfinance (MF)program for women empowerment in the study area.For the data collection, key informant interview, household survey and observation techniques are used and interview schedule and checklist are taken as tools. The statistical tools mainly percentage,correlation and regression analysis are used to analyze the data. SPSS computer has been has for the accurate calculation. To illustrate the research work,table and figures are used for data presentation. The study shows that majority of the women are literate. Before the intervention of the program, 58.82 percent of sampled women are engaged in agriculture and after the intervention of the program, 57.5 percent of the women are engaged to earn their livelihood. After the program, women are especially attracted towards the retail business and private firms which are economically benefited. Even if the members are in economical problems, they have been saving regularly which shows that the poor people also can save small amount of money regularly. The positive correlation between investment and changes in income level of the participants shows that the capability of the entrepreneurs for the repayment of the loan in due time is good. The saving and investment, high rate of repayment and utilization of loan have been satisfactory. This shows financial sustainability and viability of the program. However there is still room for improvement with regard to management of misuse of loan. The overall impact of the program is found to be satisfactory. Most of the participants of the survey have been able to increase their income and the program intervention has brought positive change in status of women.Increase in income along with empowering process increased in standard of living of women’s family which endeavored change in livelihood. The provision of loan disbursement to the women should be based upon the proper evaluation of the economic viability of the program. Training should be made well conscious about proper utilization and mobilization of saving and investment. The effort on monitoring and supervision should be increased. Credit should also be mobilized for developing socio-economic infrastructure.Item Entrepreneurship training and women empowerment: A sociological study in Kirtipur municipality(Department of Sociology, 2022) Khadgi, Binitahis study entitled '' Entrepreneurship Training and Women Empowerment: A Sociological Study of Kirtipur Municipality- 10". Entrepreneurship is a way of business ideas that empower a person it creates ownership and value of lifestyle. Women's involvement in entrepreneurship helps women to enhance the living standard and generate income and also got empowered. To empower women need to own business which makes them self confident,self-relevant, and self-decision making not only this they are empowered socially, politically and economically. The general objectives of the study are to know the process, the practice of women empowerment through entrepreneurship training and the economic status of women and the gender status of women who are involved in entrepreneurship training were studied as the objective of the study. The data have collected from 30 women all of them have their small business like tailoring, handicraft, knitting and beauty parlour. I have selected age 18 to 55 years women because they were able to work and have lot of experience. For this study, side for the data has been selected from Kirtipur municipality 10. The data was collected by in-depth interview. This study has adopted exploratory in its nature and followed qualitative research method. Entrepreneurship training is famous all over the world; especially Nepal is one of the Asian countries that have enabled women through entrepreneurship training. While most women are confined to the home, this training has changed the lifestyle of women. Being a married woman, she has been a lot of responsibilities in her house. Even she was educated or uneducated she has taken care of her children and house and she was busy with her own lifestyle when entrepreneurship training rise everywhere women got a chance to open their own business skills and pick out their experience which is the empowerment of women. Thus, Women got entrepreneurship training from Municipalities, NGOs, and IN GOs which changed them to be owned their self businesses. These studies found women are able to own their business by training but some of them have closed their business because of the household problem and the concept of the women-only need to work household work. Now it is little changed and women are also been entrepreneurs but not fully so I guess it may take a time to change the patriarchal concept in women's work.Item Factors Determing Women's Role in Household Decision Making in Dalit Community: A Case Study of Kotjahari VDC, Rukum District Nepal(Department of Rural Development, 2016) K.C., PurnaThis study entitled Factors Determing Women’s Role In Household Decision Making In Dalit Community: A Case Study of Kotjahari VDC, Rukum District Nepal was an attempt to examine the factors that affet of Dalit women in household decision making process. The specific objectives of study were to analyze decision making role of women in different actgivities at household level, to analyze the educational status of women and their decision in the study area, to explore women's outside employment and role in household decision making and to find women's decision role by caste/ethnicity. This research paper is carried out under descriptive as well as exploratory research design. Primary as well as secondary data have been used in this study. Primary data have been collected through household survey questionnaire. In the same way, secondary information has been used through unpublished documents, articles, websites propounded by different scholars in different time and venue. One respondent from one household were selected. There were altogether 44 Dalit hosueholds in the study area. Therefore the study population is 44 nos. of respondents and census method was applied for the sampling purpose. In the study area, most of the women were victim of patriarchal mindsetup. Women in the study area themselves do not want to resist male chauvanism as they are following patriarhcal norms and values since many decades. Some of the aspects such as decision on child's education, agricultural activities, taking part in public spheres being changing slowly and gratually in Damai and Badi in comparasion with Kami and Sarki. Respondents of Damai and Badi caste people were somehow modern than the respondents of Kami and Sarki. In the study area women are deprived as they don't have right on their body and her husband decides over heir personal phenomena such as fertility, number of children. Male's dominance found in decision making as a barrier to women in relation to marriage, household chores, agricultural stuffs, education, occupation, taking part in social acgivities, contraceptive use and so on. In the study area, out of 44 respondents only 4 under SLC and 9 were just literate. Among the people who were educationally sound were taking mutual decision in every sphere such as household expenditure, children's marriage, child's education, and so on. Finally, the respondents from Damai and Badi caste, the respondents from Business Sector and Educated respondents were found to be far better than other caste, occupation and uneducated ones.Item Human trafficking and open border: Case of Nepal(Department of International Relations and Diplomacy, 2019) Upreti, NisthaThe study looks into causes of human trafficking in Nepal, policy challenges and problems caused by open border. Major causes of human trafficking in Nepal are low levels of economic development and poverty, low levels of employment opportunities for women, harmful practices and gender based violence, natural calamities and dependence on tourism. Although Nepal has made various provisions to limit human trafficking through constitution to ratifying international agreements, there are still many challenges. At present Nepal has a blanket policy for women that bar women from going to gulf countries for domestic works. This has encouraged employment seekers to opt for illegal routes that make women vulnerable to trafficking. Nepal still has a long way to go in terms of implementing the laws formed to control trafficking. Open border poses many challenges to controlling human trafficking in Nepal. Traffickers find out different routes and ways to traffic. Trafficking from Western part of Nepal has increased after authorities in Eastern borders have intensified activities. There are various organizations working to control human trafficking in Nepal. Authorities from both India and Nepal have worked in collaboration to control trafficking and rescue trafficked persons.Item Impact of co-operative on member's socio-economic condition (A study of Kalam Saving and Credit Co-operative Society Ltd., Pokhara)(Department of Economics, 2023) Lamichhane, SantoshCo-operative is one of the priorities defined by Nepal government for economic upliftment of the citizen. The role of co-operatives is to improve living conditions, create jobs, reduce poverty, increase food security, women’s empowerment, human capital development, create a rural market, and social integration. The cooperative management is key for satisfaction its member and contribute in income of the member. A study conducted in Kalam saving & credit co-operative society ltd which established in 2067 BS at Pokhara ward 9. The cooperative with 889 members provides service of saving and credit to its members. A structured questionnaire was interviewed with 89 members sampled at 95% level of significance and 10% margin of error with objective analyzing cooperative actions and satisfactions of member and to evaluate the socioeconomic status and cooperative contribution to its members. The interviewed samples were selected in a convenient way among visitors at cooperative. The study result shows that the average satisfaction of the members towards membership satisfaction, membership procedure, Kalam SACCOS loan and saving facilities and contribution in livelihood improvement of the member is greater than 4 indicating highly agreed on satisfaction. In total, 85.4% members’ income were changed before and after joining the cooperative. Moreover 89.9% respondent agreed that their standard of living was changed with support of cooperative. The result obtained that income level of members were significantly difference before and after the cooperative membership (χ2 = 61.37, p<0.001). But their economic status were not found significantly different (p<0.218) on how many years the members joined the cooperative. Similarly, income improved was not different with occupation, education level and number of dependent in the household. The members of the cooperatives were highly satisfied with cooperative and felt that the cooperative impacted their living standard.Item Impact of Cooperative on Women Empowerment A case study of Sanopalati cooperative, Karthali VDC, Sindhupalchowk(Department of Rural Development, 2018) Raut, ShreejanaCo-operative is an economic enterprise and as self organization which functions on its own way and make supportive role in the rural development and economic development of Nepal. As Nepal is one of the least developed countries in the world, it is extremely necessary to uplift the status of the country. Co-operative movement is one of the measures to improve the economic condition. Moreover, the cooperative organizations of Nepal are working in rural areas to uplift the economic condition of poor people by accepting their small saving and providing loan at reasonable rate of interest for investing in productive and skill oriented sector. Present study focused the impact made by the Sano palati co-operative especially on the rural women. The specific objectives of the study were to study the socio-economic impact of cooperative activities to empower women, examine the change in socio-economic conditions of the rural women. The research was carried out on the basis of exploratory and descriptive research design. Source of data collected was the primary and secondary data while the nature of the data collected was quantitative and qualitative data. Among the total population about 12% of the samples were selected by using the simple random sampling method. The findings of the study showed that Sano palati cooperative focuses on enterprise support activities, social development activities such as literacy classes and health care training for the women members. The major concern of members of this cooperative includes education for themselves and for children, having own income and savings, improve security, improve access to institutions with resources, freedom to make own choices and decisions. To strengthen the cooperative both financially and socially, cooperative should provide training for commercial agriculture farming system to the member as well as can conduct mutual exchange of experience and training program. It should also make loan flow and loan recovery system more effective by regular supervision, monitoring and evaluation.Item Impact of Cooperative on Women Entrepreneurship Development ( A Study of Manakamana Cooperative in Hetauda Sub-Metropolitan City-19 of Makwanpur)(Department of Management, 2021) Upreti, IrinaImpact of Cooperative on Women Entrepreneurship Development (A Study of Manakamana Cooperative in Hetauda Sub-metropolitan city-19 of Makwanpur) is title of thesis. Main thrust of the present study is to assess the service provided by Manakamana cooperative, to identify the benefit received by women members of Manakamana Cooperative and to examine the impact of the Cooperative on women entrepreneurship. To conduct present study descriptive design has adopted. This study basically has based on primary and secondary data. The nature of data was both qualitative as well as quantitative. The whole groups of cooperatives and women saving Groups of Manakamana Cooperative in Hetauda Sub-metropolitan city-19 are considered as the size of the population. Only 100 women has selected as sample for this study using simple random sampling method. Cooperative has made it possible to expand financial services to reach a larger segment of the poverty stricken population. The challenges of Cooperative are derived from a number of factors, which include the transaction service being expensive, the risk involved in lending to poor clients and the cost involved in lowering these risks is high and risk of losses from default is high. Manakamana Cooperative's microfinance programme is the major successful programs for the poverty reduction in the study area incurring cost effectiveness, efficiency, profit earning, quality investment, timely repayment, cohesiveness and optimum utilization of resources so far. Although Manakamana Cooperative in Hetauda Sub-metropolitan city-19 of Makwanpur face new problems like lack of alternative leadership (Board members and staff) insufficient support from line agencies, politicization, insufficient professionalism in entrepreneurship development financial undisciplined etc. For Manakamana Cooperative in Hetauda Sub-metropolitan city-19 of Makwanpur area, it should focused its attention in participatory planning, demotic resources mobilization, human capital formation and promotion of self helps groups at the grass roots level. Manakamana Cooperative Ltd. particularly emphasizes democratic norms, empowerment of backward people, access of potentialities and local resources to the development of their settlement territory by themselves.Item Impact of Cooperative Program on Women Empowerment (A Case Study of Hatemalo Saving and Credit Co-operative Ltd. Budhabare VDC, Jhapa-Nepal)(Faculty of Rural Development, 2017) Adhikari, AmbikaCooperative is the extension of small loans to entrepreneurs, who are too poor to qualify for traditional bank loans. Especially in developing countries, cooperative enables very poor people to engage in self-employment projects that generate income, thus allowing them to improve the standard of living for themselves and their families. By extending small loans to poor individuals, cooperative enables its borrowers to take up income -earning activities that lead to a series of improvements in their economic situation. In addition to the improved income-earning ability, cooperative has been increasingly promoted for its positive impact on empowerment, especially for women borrowers. Women empowerment is the process of generating and building capabilities of women to exercise control over one’s own life. It is generating understood to mean the ability of women to make choices to improve their well being and that of their families & community. The general objective of the study is to analyze the Impact of cooperative on Women’s Empowerment However the specific objectives are as follows; To examine the role of Hatemalo cooperative to uplift the socio-economic status of women.To examine the pre and post status of those women with the lunch of different programs. The study has been carried out both on the basis of exploratory and descriptive research design. In the field survey out of 504 (total) members, 50 women respondents were interviewed. The Hatemalo Saving & Credit Co-operative model was found effective in providing financial and social services for their members. Hatemalo Saving & Credit Co-operative financial services helped member (through direct and spill-over effects) in increasing their incomes, which thereby contributed to reducing their poverty. There could be many aspects to explain the empowerment of women in addition to other issues which this study has not addressed. This research could not look into all aspects of decision making. The research could not address the decision making capacity of women at societal level. Moreover, the research could not deal with factors like education, age, marital status of respondent women, which may greatly influence their decision making capacity.Item Impact of micro credit on empowerment of women(Department of Population Studies, 2010) Osti, SangitaAddressing the inaccessibility of finance to rural poor and to promote their access in income generating activities, various microfinance programs are being conducted in Nepal. The purpose of such program is to emphasize poor and landless women to the small- scale credit to promote their livelihood and to conduct various small scale earning activities by providing them access to credit without collateral. Broadly speaking, objectives of these programs are to raise income and involve women in community development process. The study analyses the status of women due to impact of micro credit programs. This study has utilized both qualitative and quantitative techniques for data collection. Randomly, to those women who are involving in samuha are selected for study and they are interviewed using structured questionnaire. It is observed that respondent women had poor social and economic status before joining in micro financing programs but after joining, they have been empowered and their poverty has been reduced to some extent. Therefore institutionalization of such micro credit programs is essential to raise the status of women.Item Impact of Micro Credit Policy on Women’s Empowerment A Case Study of Jagatra Devi V.D.C. - Syangja(Faculty of Management, 2011) Thapa, Om BahadurNot AvailableItem An impact of micro-finance for women (A case study of Small Farmer Agriculture Co-Operative Ltd Sarangkot VDC, Kaski)(Department of Management, 2012) Hamal, SujataNot availableItem Impact of microfinance on women empowerment: A case study of Chhimek Laghubitta Bikash Bank Ltd, Waling Municipality(Department of Economics, 2022) Singjali, Rita KumariThe general objective of this study is to show impact of microfinance, to examine the trend of loan disbursement in past nine years from 2069 to 2078, to explore the relationship between loan disbursement and recovery of CLBBL in Waling Municipality of ward no 7 and to examine the relationship that exists between investment and income. In this study, an attempt has been made to examine changed life-style of women after engaging CLBBL. The data were collected from primary and secondary sources. The primary data were collected by making structured questionnaire. The data for time frame range from fiscal year 2069/2070 to 2077/2078 are considered. This study have taken into consideration the data for nine years and analyzed by using simple regression model and simple correlation. Regression analysis has measured the degree of relationship between two variable i.e. independent variable X (loan disbursement) and dependent variable Y (recovery) in the study area. In this analysis of explanatory variable, there exists direct and positive relationship between loan disbursement and recovery. t- Test has been cSomputed to find out significance relationship between independent and dependent variable. This study has found that the monthly income of women is consistently increased; the positive correlation between loan disbursement and its recovery level among participants has been found that the capability of the entrepreneurship for the repayment of the loan on time was satisfactory. Increase in income along with empowering process increased in living standard of women.Item Impact of microfinance programme on women empowerment (A case study of Laxmi Laghubitta Bittiya Sanstha Ltd, Palpa District)(Department of Public Administration, 2017) Khati, KeshabThis study examined the Impact of Microfinance Programme on Women Empowerment: (A Case Study of Laxmi Laghubitta Bittiya Sanstha Ltd. Palpa District). Microfinance is not simply banking for the poor; it is a development approach with a social mission and a private sector-based financial bottom line that uses tested and continually adjusted sets of principles, practices and technologies. The key to successful microfinance lies in the ability of the provider to cost-effectively reach a critical mass of clients with systems of delivery, market responsiveness, risk management and control that can generate a profit to the institution. Typically, this profit is ploughed back to ensure the long-term survival of the institution, i.e. the continuous provision of services demanded by its clients. The two long-term goals of microfinance are thus substantial outreach and sustainability. This thesis examines the effects of women’s participation in group-based micro-credit programs on a large set of qualitative responses to questions that characterize women’s autonomy and gender relations within the household. The results are consistent with the view that women’s participation in micro-credit programs helps to increase women’s empowerment. Credit program participation leads to women taking a greater role in household decision-making, having greater access to financial and economic resources, having greater social networks, having greater bargaining power compared with their husbands, and having greater freedom of mobility. Female credit also tended to increase spousal communication in general about family planning and parenting concerns. Ecologically, the higher impact on women’s empowerment was noticed in hill.Item Impact of Microfinance Services on Women: A Case Study of Handikhola VDC, Makawanpur, Nepal(Central Department of Rural Development Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, 2012-02) Lama, MadanThis is a study of impacts of micro finance service provided by Mahila Sahayogi Sahakari Sastha (MSSS) specifically its economic impacts, areas of loan and income investment, problems faced by women, unintended consequences as well as social status of women members in Handikhola VDC of Makawanpur district.The objectives of this research entail i) advantages of micro-finance programs to rural women, ii) to identify priority areas at which women have used the credit received from their micro-finance and iii) to find out the problems faced by women in their socio-economic activities on saving/credit program. Review of micro finance programs have indicated that the primary obstacles to access remain appropriate and bureaucratic procedures, prohibitive collateral requirements; and excessively high transaction costs incur by both lender and borrower. Recent initiative like the Micro-Credit Project for the Women (MCPW) sponsored by the ministry of local development and various governmental and non-governmental clan of the Gramin Bank have served to modify women's picture. To achieve the targeted objectives certain data collection methods like interview schedule, observation, key informant interview, focus group discussion, and case study were used. Purposive and simple random sampling research designs were used in this study. Out of total sample size, 50% women were Brahmin and Chherti community, 45% were Newars, 3.3% were Tamang and 1.7% were Dalits. 5% of women were illiterate, 20% were literate from non formal education and other campaign of education, 25% of women had completed primary level education, 18.7% were in lower secondary, and 20% women had studied secondary level. 11.3% of women had completed SLC and higher education. MSSS has invested Rs.1415000 loan among 60 women of three wads of Handikhola. 40% have taken loan personally range Rs. 16000-25000. According to the loaned women this is not adequate amount to start new occupation but some women started new income generating occupation by adding extra money from other sources. 25% of the respondents had taken the amount of Rs. 26000-35000 and 11.7% of the women had taken relatively largest amount range from Rs.36000-50000, and 13.3% women had taken less than Rs. 10000. Most of women were trained but not all trained women involved on the same occupation they have been trained. For example 17 women had received tailoring training but only 8 women are involving tailoring as income occupation. Similarly 14 women had been trained on beauty parlor but only 10 women applied parlor as an income occupation. vi The areas of income investment show that 55% of women expensed on food purchasing for the family, one woman had invested to buy land, 5% of them invested their income on house construction, 15% of them invested on entertainment and utensils in the home, 50% have invested on children's education, 45% replied on health, 49% have expensed on further development of the present occupations and loan returning of the office, 40% have already returned loan received from the MSSS, and 90% have been saving their income in the bank. There were various problems faced by women members of MSSS program. There were cases of unintended consequences of micro-credit program. When loaned women ran away or died their remaining family members denied to return loan. This types of event gradually loses security of loan credibility of other women members in different. MSSS always doubts upon the security of loan among women. Thus, we can say that micro-finance services are strong but not ultimate tool for women's empowerment and poverty reduction among women. It is relative with socio-cultural as well as economic background of the family and society. Family support both physically and morally is backbone of occupational development otherwise confidence, boldness and tolerance is essential for women. In spite of various constraints majority of women member have done income generation. They were gaining not only economic status but also developed social linkages through line agencies, involved in social developmental activities and all-round development. Last but not least, social and cultural empowerment is necessary for the participation of lower strata of the society. And women's education is the basic backbone of empowerment. Government put stress on girl education. Furthermore, policies of micro finance organizations and installment payment date should be flexible because most women would have been in tensed mood at the time of installment. For this, women empowerment, social justice and gender equity is a must.Item Impact of Nagbeli Laghubitta Bittiya Sanstha limited on women empowerment in Budhabare Municipality(Department of Management, 2022) Bhandari, NatijaNot availableItem Impact of Village Development Program on Women Empowerment (A Case Study of Lakhanpur VDC of Jhapa District, Nepal)(Department of Sociology, 2011) Bhattarai, RishiNot availableItem Impacts of drinking water project on rural women : A sociological appraisal of Pelakot Udiyachour drinking water project, Pelakot, Syangja(Department of Sociology, 2009) Neupane, Bhim PrasadNot availableItem Involvement of women in rural drinking water supply system in Arba village, Kaski(Department of Sociology, 2017) Ghimire, PramilaThis thesis entitled “Involvement of Women in Rural Drinking Water Supply System” was undertaken based on the study of new rural water supply and sanitation project in Arba village with an objectives of examining the effectiveness of current applicable laws, regulations and policies implemented to facilitate women’s participation in one hand and in the other hand to explore cultural barriers, socio economic limiting issues, challenges and obstacles to women’s participation in community development projects. Both qualitative and quantitative data were obtained through primary and secondary sources applying census method for the surveyed population using interview, focus group discussion and observation as tools and techniques. Explorative and descriptive research designs are used and data is processed by spreadsheet computer program. Even though several decades have passed with establishment of separate ministry for Women, Children and Social Welfare, National Women’s Commission, different provisions made in the Civil Service Administrator Act, and ADB provisions for women’s participation in community development projects, the result is not that satisfactory as expected. Women’s are found just sought to fulfill 33% quota in different committees and women are often excluded. Women’s exclusion often stems from traditional and deeply rooted gender differences where women, compared to men are not given same right and opportunities. The cultural barriers and socio economic obstacles and challenges hinder female participation are still found. However, in the new RWSSP, though need driven project, from preconception to construction, operation and management the women’s participation is found better. This participation is known to have reduced the time consumption, work overload and increased participation of women in social and development activities. Women’s committee formation, inclusion in water users’ committee, involvement in decision making, utilization of leisure time with income generating activities, health and sanitation, economic empowerment are some positive indicators for women’s involvement. Similarly, some more works for capacity improvement, training, education and motivation for skill development are still a need to transform the stage of increased involvement in development projects.Item Labour migration & its impacts in gender role & women empowerment: A study of migrant workers' families in Rajghat Village of Sarlahi District(Department of Sociology, 2019) Kepchhaki, Buddha SinghThis thesis basically looks into the changes in the experience and gender roles of Nepalese women in the pretext of rapidly increasing foreign labor migration of men. Literature on migration from Nepal mostly focuses on economic gains made through remittance inflows. The changes in gender role and the transformations in women’s lives caused by labour migration are largely neglected. This study is therefore an attempt to examine women’s experiences, as they assume the role of household heads, financial managers and single parents, in a society that has historically suppressed their freedom. The study specifically focuses on the changes in women’s work responsibilities, their decision-making abilities and their participation in social activities to draw inferences as an impact of men’s temporary absence at home. My analysis is based on insights from interviews with wives of migrant workers. In general, it is found that men’s migration increases women’s work responsibilities and often reduces their ability or willingness to participate in different socio-cultural activities. Also it is found that women’s position in the household is central to influencing their participation in decision-making and their involvement in social activities. Women who take on the role of household head are more likely to gain decision-making power and experience an increase in social participation. These consequences are highly sensitive to the regional socio-cultural norms as well as women’s caste, class, and individual characteristics. The findings from this study help the readers understand the consequences of migration from a gendered perspective and provide insights that may be valuable in developing policy measures for fighting against gender inequality and providing women with the resources to cope with the challenges faced during men’s migration.