Browsing by Subject "Zoology"
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Item An Analysis of Food Habits and Conservation of Red Panda (Ailurus Fulgens Cuvier, 1825) in Langtang National Park, Nepal(Department of Zoology, 2010) Thapa, ArjunThis study onfood habits andconservation threatsof red panda Ailurus fulgensinthe Langtang National Park, was carried outbetween March 2009 toMarch 2010and was mainly centered onexamining diet composition, food niche breadth and conservation threats. Three sites were chosen for the study, which wereGopache,Dhokachet and Trisuli-Originof Cholangpati-Dhokachet areas.Thisstudy includedreconnaissance survey for specific siteselection, altitudinal line intercept methodfor faecal samplecollectionanddung encounter,whereasmicro-histological techniquewas used to examine the seasonal diet compositionand niche breadth of the red panda. Conservation threats of animal were analyzedthrough semi-structured questionnairesand interviews with local people and also throughcattle dung encounter rate and grazing intensity. A total of 12 altitudinalline interceptswerelaid in three sites at theelevations of 3000m-3600m with verticallinesat theinterval of 150 m.A total of 161fecal sampleswere examinedusingmicro-histologicalanalysis.Results showed thatthe red panda’s diet composed ofeightdifferent plantsincluding bamboo, tree, herbs, shrubs and moss. They wereThamnocalamus aristatus, Sorbus cuspidata, moss, Juniper recurva, Acer caudatum, Rhododendron campanulatum,Abies spectabilis,andRubus sp.Itsdiet consistedof Thamnocalamus aristatus(mean=245.08±15.74%) inhighest proportion,followed by Moss (mean=5.91±1.95%), S. cuspidata (mean=5.83±1.22%), J. recurva(mean=1.08±071.95%), A. caudatum(mean=1.00±0.38%), andsomeothersinalow proportion (all<1). Statistically,T. aristatuswas consumed in all seasonsthat was insignificant (2> 0.001, df =11, P>0.05),where as other foodsvaried seasonally.Niche breadthdeterminationofred panda was 0.000104, which was quite low that resembledits high selectiveness in forage.Unidentified hairs, bonesand claws were observed in the few faecal samples. Livestock pressure, speciallytheChauri caused major threatstothered pandasalong with the fire woodandfodder collection. Dhokachet siteof Cholang-Dhokachet wasfoundwithhighest grazing intensity withahigher dung encounter rate(mean=34.19/km),followed by Gopche (mean=24.49/km) and Trisuli (mean=9.6/km).Also the line of regression(r2=0.491) showedthere wasa decreaseinfecal pellet encounter rate correspondingcattle dung encounter rate.Item Dynamics of Fish Marketing System in Kalimati, Kathmandu, Nepal(2015-11) Saund, Rup Bahadur NirrapThe present study is based on a survey of Kathmandu, Kalimati fish marketing present status. The field survey done in between 2014-2015. This study investigated the casual relationship between transport, marketing and supplying problems. The determine and distribution channels were identified. Structural questionnaires were used to collect data from Kalimati fish market, handling charge were positive and significant at different level. Kalimati the 75% import in India and 25% fish in domestic and 2% out of total production of Nepal. The annual average growth rate is 4.86% and price is 5.51%. Daily demand in Kalimati fish market is 11.41MT. The 8 fish family found mostly cyprinidae family. Marketers should from a strong co-operative society. There is also need for providing license to increasing the fish marketing.Item Gastrointestinal Parasites Of Swamp Deer (Rucervus Duvouceli Duvouceli Cuvier,1892) In Shuklaphanta National Pak, Kanchanpur, Nepal(Department of Zoology, 2021-03) Pangeni, BinitaThe swamp deer is one of the attractive hoofed ungulates found in Nepal. It is found in the low laying protected area in the grassland and floodplain located in the southwestern part of Nepal. To determine the distribution of intestinal parasites of Swamp deer, 100 fecal samples were collected from Suklaphanta National Park in three different grasslands i. e Suklaphanta grassland (main grassland), Barkaulaphanta and Singpurphanta in April, 2019. All the samples were microscopically as well as microscopically examined by fecal floatation and sedimentation techniques. Out of 100 faecal samples examined 80 samples is found to be positive. Total of (80%) were found to be positive for intestinal parasites. Altogether, ten different intestinal parasites were found to be prevalent in Swamp deer. Swamp deer of SNP were found infected by protozoa and helminthes i. e. nematodes and trematodes. Swamp deer were found to be infected with coccidian parasite i. e Eimeria sp. with micropyle and without micropyle 11. 25% and 26. 25% respectively. The deer were also found infected with two species of trematode parasite i. e. Fasciola sp. (80%) and Paramphistomum sp. (60%). Among nematodes, Strongyloides sp. had maximum prevalence of 15% followed by Strongyle sp. (10%), Muellerius sp. (10%), Trichostrongylussp. (2.5%), and least number Ascaris sp. (1.25%), Haemonchus sp. (1. 25%) and Dictylocalus sp. (1.25%) were observed. The deer were not found to be infected with cestode parasites. The study of intensity of parasitic load reported that maximum number of samples revealed the light intensity followed by mild, moderate and heavy intensity. Single infection was found more common than mixed infection. It was observed that the swamp deer residing in main grassland of suklaphanta were infected by parasites with significantly high rate compared to other two study area. To know the exact parasites upto the level and to know the better confirmation of result molecular identification and larvae culture should be done respectively.Item LadyBird Beetles And Their Association With Aphid Within Tribhuvan Universiy Premises Kitipur, Nepal(Department of Zoology, 2021-03) Bajracharya, SushilaLadybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are economically important predators of pests species viz. aphids. This research aimed to explore species diversity of ladybird beetles,found association with their aphid prey species and temperature in Tribhuvan University area premises, Kirtipur. It also compared feeding efficiency among two selected coccinellid predators. Visual observation was done for ladybird beetles and aphid prey species from 14 May to 9 November, 2019 in summer, rainy and autumn seasons, collected and identified. A total of 17 species of lady bird beetles belonging to 12 genera and four tribes (Coccinellini, Epilachni, Sticholotini and Noviini) under the subfamily Coccinellinae of order Coleoptera were reported. The Shannon Diversity index (H) was 1.25 with C. septempunctata (71.78%) as the most dominant species. Seasonally, the diversity was highest in autumn (H=1.51) as compared to rainy (H= 0.96) and summer (H= 0.85). The diversity was highest in agricultural land (H=1.44, J=0.56) followed by garden (H=1.36, J=0.69), planted forest (H=1.25, J=0.70) and grassland (H=0.96, J=0.38). The abundance of ladybird beetles showed significant positive relation with temperature and summer season. The prey aphids associated with beetle fauna were Macrosiphoniella pseudoartemisiae, M. yomogifoliae, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Aphis gossypii and Macrosiphum rosae. The feeding efficiency experiment conducted in room temperature, the efficient predator of Lipaphis erysimi was found C. septempunctata (34.40 ± 1.67) than P. luteopustulata (29.15 ± 1.84). Since ladybird diversity is high in T.U., especially highly abundant C. septempunctata, it can be used for biological control of mustard aphid pests.