Browsing by Subject "species diversity"
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Item ECOLOGICAL STATUS AND SOCIO ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF Choerospondias axillaris AT PHALEWAS, PARBAT DISTRICT, NEPAL(Amrit Campus, 2022-07-29) Acharya, PratimaChoerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) B.L.Burtt & A.W.Hill is one of the important non timber forest products of Nepal belonging to family anacardiaceae. It is grown in hills of 900 to 2000m above sea level. It is a native tree to Nepal. The main objective of the study was to assess ecological status, vegetation structure and socio economic benefits ofC. axillaris in four wards of Phalewas Municipality of Parbat district namely Shankarpokhari, Thapathana, Thanamaula, and Bhangara areas. For ecological study systematic random sampling was applied for vegetation study. Total 72 quadrate were laid. Quadrate of 10 m radii were laid for trees and sub quadrates of 5 m radii were used for sampled of shrubs and sapling ofC. axillaris and quadrates of 1m radii was sampled in each 10 m radii quadrate for sampling of herbs and seedlings of C. axillaris . For socio-economic survey; questionnaire was done with the 61 people from 4 wards including local farmers, local government officials, and small entrepreneurs tradingC. axillaris. Likewise, secondary data were collected from the concerned authorities. Altogether, seventy two quadrates were sampled from 4 different wards. Ninety plants species belonging to 51 families were recorded along with C. axillaris from the study area. The highest density of C. axillaris was recorded from Bhangara area and lowest density was recorded from Thanamaula area. Similarly ecological parameters including frequency, density, and IVI were found highest forC. axillaris among the associate trees in all study sites. Besides C. axillaris major associated tree species were Schima wallichi and Ficus nerifolia. Similarly the biodiversity indices Shannon-Wiener's index (H) was found in between 2.31- 2.53 and Simpson index of diversity (D) of trees was found in between 0.84-0.91. The regeneration pattern ofC. axillaris was found very poor in all study sites. DBH and height class showed irregular distribution of C. axillaris. Economic status showed people sellC. axillaris fruits in raw form while some prepare Achar and Candy to earn money. The trend of the annual production and productive area of C. axillaris over period of 10 years (2067/68-2077/78) in Parbat district was slightly decreasing while that of productivity was increasing.C. axillaris is most important and dominant plant species in study sites with high socio-economic value from which local people were directly benefitedItem Species diversity and Seasonal abundances of light attracted hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) in Dakshinkali forest, Pharping, Kathmandu(Department of Zoology, 2009) Shrestha, Madan KrishnaA study of the hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) was conducted in the Daksinkali forest area located in the southern portion of Kathmandu from May 2006 to October 2006. Hawkmoths were attracted using two 125-watt mercury-vapour bulbs. They were collected on a white cotton sheet affixed to the wall of a house with the lights suspended in front of it. Altogether, during the whole study period, a total of 117 specimens of hawkmoths representing 22 species within 15 genera were collected. The collected hawkmoths were classified into three subfamilies and 6 tribes. Smerinthinae was the most abundant and richest subfamily in study area, being followed by Macroglossinae, and Sphinginae. Among the tribes, the richest tribe was Macroglossini (8 species) followed by Ambulycini (5 species), Smerinthini (4 species), Sphingini and Acherontiini (2/2 species) and Sphingulini with only one species. The peak month for hawkmoth collection was August with 29 individuals were captured; belonging to 15 species and the lowest record was in October with 10 individuals belonging to 4 species. The species diversity was determined in terms of Shannon Diversity (H`) and its value was 2.73. Among 22 species collected 7 species was ranked as ‘Rare’, 14 species were ‘Common’ and 1 species was ‘Abundant’. Dolbina inexacta was the only abundant hawkmoth species in Daksinkali forest area as indicated by total catch of 26 individuals and the value of Berger-Parker Dominance index is 0.222. Hence, from value of diversity indices, it shows that site A is more diverse than site B and reduction in dominance of one species. The relation between average monthly temperature and monthly number of species captured showed the general trend of increase of number of species with the increase in temperature, except for the month July. The Correlation coefficient (Pearson r) between the monthly Rainfall and monthly collected number of species was 0.4802, showed poor co-relationship. Key words: Hawk moths, Dakshinkali forest, species diversity, Shannon diversity index,