Browsing by Subject "techniques"
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Item Nepali, Hindi and English Equivalent Proverbs(Department of English Education, 2011) Upadhyay Bhattarai, BaburamThis thesis entitled“Nepali, Hindi and English Equivalent Proverbs” is an effort to find out the basic features of sentence-structures and the techniques of translation like addition, deletion, substitution and mistranslation of the concepts and meanings of the proverbs of the source text (Nepali)employed in the target languages(Hindi and English) texts.For this study,the researcher had collected 50proverbs of Nepali and their Hindi and English equivalent translated versions from Nepali-English Proverbial Dictionary by Sharma, J.P. (2000). Koshi Prakashan,Biratnagar and Bhargava’s Standard Illustrated Dictionary of the English language,edited by Pathak, R.C. (1965). So the required data were collected only from secondary sources. Observation was the only tool for data collection. The collected data were analyzed and interpreted in different ways. The collected data were first transliterated and categorized into simple, compound and complex sentences according to their structures. These sentences were then compared among the three languages. Negation, voice and tense of the proverbial sentences were analyzed and interpreted comparing them with one another. Among the techniques used in translating proverbs, the substitution technique was found the most widely used technique. The study has four chapters. The first chapter deals with general background,review of related literature, objectives of the study and significance of the study.The second chapter consists of methodology adopted for the study. It encompasses the sources of data, population of the study, sampling procedure, tools for data collection and limitations of the study. Chapter three encompasses analysis and interpretation of the collected data both descriptively and statistically. Chapter four comprises the major findings and recommendations made after the analysis and interpretation of the data for the purpose of the study.Item Reinterpretation of Traditional Motifs in Contemporary Nepali Paintings(Central Department of English, 2010) Manandhar, RajuContemporary Nepali paintings reread and reinterpret the traditional art works like manuscript illuminations,paubha,patachitra, wall paintings and sculptures. The artists have reformulated and reintegrated the images, icons and symbols of these early works in the paintings of our time. The structure ofmandalaand religious subject matters are also recycled. While doing so, the contemporary Nepali artists exploit the western techniques like impressionist, expressionist, cubist, abstractionist, surrealistand abstract expressionist as tools. As the artists share native tradition as well as plural western art forms, the resultant art works appear to be open-ended. Their significances are not certain and fixed but contingent, multiple and provisional. They speak of cultural self and cultural other. The art works are interconnected not only to its tradition but also western arts. The artists appropriate both western canons and native tradition to express their feelings and emotions in response to the presentsocio-political context.Item Techniques in Translation of Cultural Terms:A Case of Novel ‘Siddhartha’(Central Department of English Education, 2012) Tamang, Kumar JangThe present study entitled"Techniques in Translation of Cultural Terms: ACase of Novel 'SIDDHARTHA'wasan attempt to find out the techniques andtheir frequenciesemployed in translating cultural terms. The main purpose ofthis study wasto identify and categorize the basic features of cultural terms andpoint out the techniques and their frequencies.The data for the study werecollected from the novel 'Siddhartha' and its translated version 'Siddhartha '. In this research work one hundred and fifty cultural terms were identified and those terms were categorized into five categories as ecology, material culture,religious culture, social culture and organization and conceptual terms.Findings of the study show that ten different techniques were found to have been employed in translating cultural words of the novel 'Siddhartha'.In this study different techniques such as: literal translation, borrowing, substitution,claque, deletion, blending, paraphrasing, addition, sense translation and mistranslation have been applied in translation of cultural words. Among them,literal translation was the most frequent one which covered 41.33% and blending was the least use done which covered only 0.67% of the total cultural words. This study is divided into four chapters. Every chapter consists of necessary headings and subheadings. Chapter one introduces the study in terms of general background, review of the related literature, objective sand significance of the study. Chapter two deals with the methodology under which sources of data,process of data collection and limitations of the study are presented. Chapter three is the core of the study, which presents statistical analysis and interpretation of the data. Descriptive and analytical approaches are used to analyze the data. Chapter four discusses the findings of the study. On the basis of findings, some recommendations and pedagogical implications are suggested. The references and appendices are the concluding parts of the study.Item Techniques of Bridging Cultural Gaps Intranslation: A Case of Bidrohi(Department of English Education, 2012) Khatri, Ram KumarThe present study entitled“Techniques of Bridging Cultural Gaps in Translation:A Case of Bidrohi” attempted to present a descriptive analysis and interpretation of : (i) translation of cultural terms from Nepali intoEnglish, (ii) the techniques adopted in translating these terms, (iii) gaps found in the process of translating. One hundred and fifty cultural terms from Nepali version of the anthology ‘Bidrohi’ and corresponding words from the English version of the same book were collected for the study.These were categorized under five groups-Ecology, Material Cultural,Social Culture, Religious Cultural, and Conceptual Terms. This thesis aimed to find out the gaps in translation and techniques used in the translation of the English version of the ‘Bidrohi’.Findingsof this study showed that eleven different techniques were employed in translating cultural words of the anthology. There were many instances of use of non-corresponding meaning components, which lead gaps in translation. So, gaps in meaning existed between the SL terms and TL terms. For example, SL term:banjaṅgal, TL term: wood (pair 16) and SL Term: ganjī, TL term: sweater(pair 14). This thesis is divided into four chapters. Chapter one introduces the study in terms of general background, review of the related literature, objectives and significance of the study. Chapter two deals with the methodology under which sources of data, procedures of data collection and limited of the study are presented. Chapter three analyzes and interprets the data. Descriptive and analytical approaches were used for the purpose.Chapter four discusses the findings of the study. On the basis of the findings, some recommendations are drawn. The references and appendices are the concluding parts of the study.Item Techniques used by the Teachers in Teaching Free Writing(Faculty of Education Engish, 2017) Rai, Meena KumariThe current study entitled Techniques Used by the Teachers in Teaching Free Writing. The study was an attempt to find out the techniques adopted by the secondary level English teachers in teaching free writing at secondary level. It also aimed to find out the teachers’ opinions towards teaching free writing. In order to achieve these objectives, eight secondary level English teachers of Kathmandu valley were selected as the sample of the study through the use of purposive non-random sampling procedure. And observation checklist and questionnaire were used as the data collection tools. The data were collected, analyzed and interpreted by using simple statistical tools and description. The findings of the study showed that, all the teachers used these techniques in good way, they are: providing importance of writing composition, giving the significance of writing composition of that particular topic and asking the students to check their composition again to ensure clarity. And most of the teachers used oral medium for instruction in their classes. It was also found that the techniques that the teachers applied in real classroom teaching were not matching with what they theoretically mentioned in the questionnaire. Regarding the teachers’ views discussion, arranging information, brainstorming, making notes and rough draft writing are the major techniques for teaching free writing. So, they suggested that, curriculum should be design according to level, need, interest and age of the students for effective teaching free writing, use different vocabulary games, provide clear guidelines to the students and encourage the students and give positive feedback and so on for effective teaching free writing. This study consists of five chapters. The first chapter encompasses introduction of the study. It incorporates the background of the study, statement of the Problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, delimitations of the study and operational definition of the key terms. Similarly, second chapter deals with the review of related theoretical literature, review of related empirical literature, implications of the review for the study and conceptual framework. The third chapter deals with the design of the study, population, sample and sampling procedures, data collection tools, data collection procedures, data analysis and interpretation procedures and ethical considerations. Similarly, forth chapter consists of the analysis and interpretation of the results and fifth chapter deals with the conclusion and recommendations. The concluding chapter is followed by the references and appendixes that were used in the thesis.