Participation of Tharu Girls in Higher Secondary Education (A Case Study of Dhangadhi Municipality of Kailali District)

Abstract

Education is one of the basic human rights. However, education cannot be established as a right because of its expensiveness and other socio-economic reasons. Both in private, governmental and international level,efforts for the development of education in developing countries are not satisfactory. The general objective of the study is to analyze the participation rate ofTharu girls in higher secondary level education. The specific objectives of the study are to analyze enrollment pattern of Tharu girls in higher secondary education, to find out the causes affecting for less participation of Tharu girlsin higher secondary education, to suggest ways enriching girls education on Tharu community, to compare the participation rate of Tharu girls with other communities. Dhangadhi municipality of Kailali district has been taken as the study area. Tharus are the main inhabitants of the municipality. The higher secondary schools which are located in this area are providing education to the Tharu girls including others. There are ten Higher Secondary Schools in the area. Till now, the researcher could not found the study has been conducted about Tharu girls' education in the area and the areas is easily accessible byroad. Because of the above different causes this area is selected for the study. The nature of the study is exploratory, descriptive and analytical. Both primary and secondary data were used in this study Primary data were taken from field visit by interviewing with student's teachers and guardians with the help of questionnaire and some primary data are taken from school record. The seven different HSS of Dhangadhi municipality and all Tharu girls studying there are taken as sample. Though there are 10 HSS, in 3 schools/There is no Tharu girls students. So among the remaining 7 school’s 30 Tharu girls and their parents, some teachers and intellectual people were taken as sample for the study. There are 97.2% male and 2.8% are female teachers in all schools.There is no female Tharu teacher and only 1.86% male Tharu teacher. There is iv 5 less participation of girls than boys. Participation of Tharu boys and girls isless. Teacher-student ratio is 1:23. The admission rate is increasing per year. Students flow is in Education, Science, Commerce and Humanities respectively. The annual result of Tharu student is improving. Student attendance seems go to 95%. Physical infrastructure of higher secondary schools is satisfactory.There is not proper economic and educational scholarships to the students of lower classes. There are about 53.41% female and 46.59% male members in Tharu families. Agriculture is main occupation of most of the families and only negligible number occupies others. The educational status of parents found low. Among Tharu girls most of them read education, after then, Commerce,Science and Humanities respectively.