Trends of Migration in Ilam and use of Foreign Remittance (A Case Study of Ilam Municipality 9, Ilam District, Nepal)

Abstract

This is a study entitled " Trend of Migration in Ilam and Use of Foreign Remitance ( A Case Study of Ilam Municipality-9, Ilam District, Nepal". This research has been important because it expects, to some extent, to contribute the theoretical knowledge regarding how to understand the foreign labor migration from the sociological perspectives and also provides the empirical knowledge about causes (push-pull factors) and its impacts as well as the reality of social background of migration of the study area.What is about the background of the selected in migrants?What sort of trend of foreign labour migration enists in the selected area? What are the causes of foreign labour migration? How do the inmigrants use remittance? The general objective of this research is to analyze the overall causes, processes and impacts of foreign labor migration in Ilam. Though, the specific objectivesare to explore the social background of the foreign labour migrants, to find out the trend and causes of foreign labour migration and to study the use of remittance by in migrants.Descriptive and exploratory research design has been used and information are collected using by household survey using questionnaire and informant interview. In this study,Ilam Municipality-9 Singhabahinitole is purposively selected as the research area. Out of 200 households as per the record of Ilam Municipality, 20 percent 40 households has been selected for the study by simple random sampling method so that the selection process has been unbiased representative and convenient to fulfill the objective. Regarding the findings of the study, availability of physical facilities educational institution, health services, cultivated land, well managed market to sell and buy every product and commodities, availability of electricity, transportation job opportunities are the causes of migration I,e, pull factors. So, that pull factor of Ilam municipality may be the causes of out migration from their origin. Most of the migrants are young and adult age groups. It indicates that Hill or remote area from hills and mountain area or developed area was entirely age selective. Migration is also sex selective under 75 percent males and 25 percent female are of the total migrants. Majority of the migrants are literate. The majority of the migrants are from rural area to Ilam district and there are 40 households or 20 percent among them. A lot of people are engaged in agriculture and service sectors. Married people are more than unmarried, widower/widowed, separated/divorced migrants. In the cases of caste/ethnicity Brahmin dominates over other caste. There are Nepali speakers more than other language speakers. Most of the individual respondents are engaged in agriculture; services, peddler business, labour, industry, housewife and business are likewise the major occupations of internal migrants. Many physical and socio-economic opportunities and higher opportunities of the job as well as better education are the main reasons for in migration. Most of the migrants come to the Ilam municipality by the decision of close relatives and himself/herself. The majority of the household’s are not receiving any money from origin place. The size of land holding at destination is higher as compare to their size of land holding in origin. In the study area, find the different issues in which majority of internal migrates are not satisfied in their current residence area because they have faced many problems like lack of social and physical opportunities, lack of road, lack of qualitative health facilities, suffering from flood in rainy season, suffering from bad social environment, lack of transportation and quality education. So that most of the internal migrates want to leave the current residence area.