Integrating Urban Forests and Parks in Solid Waste Management in the Growing Urban Areas: “A Case of Ward 15 of Dharan”

Abstract

With cities rapidly growing worldwide, effective waste management has become a substantial challenge in both developed and developing urban settings. According to projections by the World Bank, global waste generation is expected to increase from 2.01 billion tons in 2016 to 3.40 billion tons in 2050, with low-income countries facing a threefold increase, amplifying challenges related to waste mismanagement. Dharan, a city in eastern Nepal, facing similar challenges, produces about 50.92 tons of municipal waste daily. Due to the absence of an official landfill site, a significant portion of this waste is disposed of in the Bajhagara forest area. Since unsanitary dumping is an unsustainable solution, it poses various adverse effects on the environment. This study seeks to evaluate the current state of solid waste management practices in Dharan, focusing on the prevalent use of forest areas for disposal. The research also reviews existing literature on similar initiatives worldwide, drawing valuable lessons and insights. Additionally, it explores how the community perceives and engages with current waste management and disposal methods, focusing on Ward No. 15, where the municipal dumping site is located. Employing a mixed-methods approach, incorporating literature review, surveys, GIS mapping, and analysis, this research investigates the present Dharan's solid waste management system. It aims to explore the potential for improving waste management to enhance the environment, biodiversity, and community well-being. The findings of this research can provide valuable lessons and insights into sustainable waste management practices.