Contribution of Orange Farming on Rural Development An Anthropological Study in Thuladihi VDC of Syangja District

Abstract

Contribution of Orange Farming on Rural Development: An Anthropological Study in Thuladihi VDC of Syangja District

Nepal is an agricultural country. In Nepal 80 percent of the total population depends on agriculture for their livelihood (CBS, 2001). Agriculture is the backbone of Nepalese economy. Agriculture contributes of 40.19% its GDP on economy out of the land about 20 percent cultivated (MOA: 998/99) Agriculture is the main occupation and basis of livelihood of rural people. Fruit production is an important branch of agricultural occupation which fulfills the need of households as well as it can be considered as a source of income. Different kinds of fruits are the source of carbohydrate vitamins and minerals. Sweet orange is one of the most important and highly commercial fruit crops of world and Nepal also. it is widely cultivated in the hills area ranges from 600-1400 metre. in eastern to western Nepal (Shrestha and Paudel 2062) . Mid hill area of country is the important area for commercial production of orange, It has to identify 37 mid hill district of Nepal, It has very suitable agro-climatic condition for the cultivation of orange. Out of the 37 district, Syangja is the important district for orange farming. Thuladihi VDC of Syangja district is also important scope for orange farming. In this area's farmers are enthusiastic cultivating orange production. The broad objective of this study was contribution of orange farming on rural development about the Thuladihi VDC and it's periphery The specific objectives of this study were as follows. • To find out the major cause behind the attracted towards orange farming. • To find out how can the orange farming help in rural education,, employment, income, living standard. • To analyze the function and condition for orange farming.

Statement of the Problems Therefore this study has mainly focused to answer the following research questions. • Why are there's farmers interested towards orange framings? • Has the really helped in the rural development of orange farming? • What are the functions of local farmers for orange farming? • Has the Go'S, NGO's and INGO's helped in study area for orange farming? • Has the orange farming to growth socio-economic status of farmers.

Literature Review Theoretical Concept Links on world system theory • Links of core, semi-periphery, periphery • Exchange - Cultural & commodity (unequal, exchange) • Dependency relation • Economic relation • Unequal relation • Profitable, nature

Links with the human & cultural ecology • Interdependence between socio-cultural system organism & environment • Relation culture & ecology. Agro-ecological system • Environment • Climate • Rainfall and temperature Orange as a commercial Horticultural production • Orange is one of the most important and highly commercial horticultural production. Orange as high-value crops App priorities • Citrus (Orange): Through out the mid hills • Apple: in the inner Himalayan zone • Off season vegetables: In the hills and Terai • Vegetable and flower seed: in the hills and mountain. • Bee keeping: in the hills and mountain • Raw silk: in the hills

Contribution on Related subject matter • The study of Paneru (1998) discuss the 'Production and marketing of orange' in Ashrang VDC of Gorkha District. • The study of Paudel (2050) of the village profile of Bharat Pokhari VDC in Kaski district describe about the orange farming in this VDC. • The study of Adhikari (1992) explained about the marketing system of citrus fruit in Bhojpur district. • The study of Shrestha (1995) discussed the production situation of mandarin orange in Bunkot VDC of Gorkha district.

Research Methods Selection of study Area The area of this study was Thuladihi VDC of Syangja

Research Design The exploratory research design has been used to explore reason of attraction towards orange farming and contribution of orange farming in rural education, employment, income etc. The descriptive has been used to describe the conditions of orange farming and function of farmers for orange farming. Universe and sampling More than 400 household are engaged in orange farming. But universe of the 310 household who was to do orange farming. Who are more than 50 productive and unproductive plant of orange? Where as 20% household have been selected sample as informants using simple random sampling procedure. All together 62 households have been selected from 6 wards which 5, 3 , 5, 7, 5 and 37 ward no. 1, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 respectively.

Nature and source of data: The primary data collection is the orange farmers of Thuladihi. The primary data have been collected by applying research tool household survey, observation, interview schedule. A few secondary data have been collected from various published and unpublished sources. The collected data are both qualitative and quantitative. Description of tools Household Survey: It helped to know the total number or orange farming households and to make also in rapport building. To help ward wise to select the sample. Observation This technique is used both none or participatory observation. The observation is focused to condition of house, condition of orange farming. Interview schedule On the basis of the research objectives of this study the interview schedule was prepared with both open and closed ended question list pre-test and test. Data analysis and presentation Quantitative data have been analyzed by using computer software program SPSS for windows. Simple statistical tools like frequency and percentage have been used to present. Tabulations, chart diagrams have been used. The qualitative data have been analyzed descriptively.

Thuladihi is one of the VDC of Syangja district. It is 500 meters to 1600 miters high from the sea level. It is located 4 km north east parts of district headquarter (Putalibazzar). There is mixed community is this area. From the religions point of view this V.D.C is much of the people Hinduism, some of people Buddhism, little of people Christianity. All of the people speak Nepali Language as well as some of people speak Gurung and Magar language. For education in Thuladihi VDC was started in 2016 B.S. from the Rastiya Lakuribot Pra. Vi. Literacy rate of Thuladihi VDC is 82.04 percent (VDC H.S. 2060).

Major finding • The economy of the study area is mainly based on agriculture with the combination of orange farming, live stocks, food farming pension/service shop and others. • The farmers of the study area are attracted towards the orange farming from various reason, There are, increase income, in low investment take high income, don't over work than other crops, lack of manpower. Support environment, natural beauty and greenery control landslide. • The orange farming is contributed various sector of rural development i.e rural education, employment, income living standard etc. • The function of farmers for orange farming are digging hollow, weeding and cutting, use of irrigation use of medicine, use of manure and fertilizer, plantation. • Between the farmers and orange farming are much positive significant relation. This relation is give and take relation. • Training, encouragement, awareness and special programme about orange farming are more necessary for farmers in study area. • Information and commercial tricks are necessary for the orange farmers. • Cold store, agriculture tools and instrument, transportation and technician are not available it are more essential for orange farming.

Recommendations • The study area is ecologically very suitable for orange farming. The farmers are recommended to extend orange farming. • The farmers should get easily cheap loan facility for orange farming. • DADO Syangja have to serious to identify and to control the disease to provide technical suggestion and training to the orange farmers. • Recommended to GO's, NGO's, INGO's have been lunched the encouragement and awareness programme about the orange farming in study area. • Irrigation facility, plant, tools and instrument should be provided in reasonable price. • Government must manage frequent services of the agricultural technicians in the field area.