Reservation:Way toAccess in Civil ServiceforWomenin Nepal

Abstract

This research study entitled “Reservation-Way to Access in Civil Service for Women inNepal” has conducted during 2065 and 2066. This study was mainly based on secondarydata. For the completion of this research study the doctrinal methodologies as well asanalytical methods have been used. Analytical and descriptive research methods havebeen employed by using tables where necessary. The main objectives of the study has toanalyze the efforts and difficulties relating to the promotion of women’s participation inthe Nepalese civil service and to highlights the advantage and disadvantage of thereservation program. The total number of Civil Servants was 79488; among them women represent 8754,which is 11.01 percent. Out of these numbers the gazetted level total employees were8402 while the numbers of women were 429 (5.1 %), in non-gazetted level the total figurewas 71086 where women represent 8325,which is 11.71%. The participation of womenitself visualizes the existing situation of women in Civil Service. Besides the severalefforts made by the government the participation of women in mainstreaming isnegligible. In the field of Civil Service someefforts have been started, but the result willnot satisfactory after launching the reservation to the women. It can be said that theefforts are not sufficient and should need rigorous and continues efforts to promotegender equity in Civil Service. After introducing the concept of reservation PSC has advertised 3358 posts variousservices groups and levels. Within these posts women have got 350 posts only. Out ofadvertised 3358 posts women get only 10.42%. The whim where the political leaders,high level bureaucrats and advocates of the feminist movement created that woman willget 33% seats as reservation or positive discrimination. And announce that the everysphere of the government agencies will make inclusive and it make inclusive democracybut the reality is reverse than slogan of the inclusiveness. Before launching the inclusiveprogram to the women in civil service was only 11.01%. The entrance ratio of the women in civil service is 10.42 % including health service. After launching the reservation to thewomen, the entrance ratio will reduce because of inclusive program. The reason is thatmost competitive women will pass in the quota; other less competitive women will notpass the open competition posts where all persons are allowed to compete. If it isassumed that the women will get the 10.42% ratio in the examination of the PSC the totalwomen participation will nearly take 22 %. These facts proved that the existing quotasare insufficient to integrate the women in the mainstreaming to the governance. Theexpectation of the Interim plan is at least 33 percent of the policy-making and otherresponsible posts of the public sector will be occupied by women. But the providing quotain the Civil Service Act will not open the main door to achieve the goal of Interim plan. Ifwe want to make civil service equal position to the men, it is needed to extend the quotaminimum of 35% from the whole to women whether there is various opposing opinion tothe quota for women. Therefore, the reservation program is not only the means to make mainstreaming to thewomen into the civil service but only a means to it. If it is not possible to extend theexisting quotas, the progressive programs will be introduced for women like: highereducation, extra and necessary coaching class for the preparation of PSC exams andappointment to the women in decision making level.