Photocatalytic degradation of commonly used organic dye in Nepal using nanoparticles

Abstract

The utilization of organic dyes across various industries has significantly contributed to the vibrant colors in fabrics, papers, and wools. However, the release of these dyes into water bodies poses a significant environmental challenge due to their persistent nature as pollutants. To address this issue, researchers have been exploring different methods for the removal of dye pollutants from water, with nanoparticles emerging as promising catalysts for degradation processes under light exposure. In this research work, zirconia (ZrO2) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanomaterials were investigated as photocatalysts for degrading methylene blue, a prevalent dye in Nepal. Employing an eco-friendly green synthesis route, both nanomaterials were successfully prepared and characterized using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transmission-Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and UV- Visible spectroscopy. FTIR analysis confirmed the successful green synthesis of zirconia and hydroxyapatite, while XRD results indicated their nanometric size range. The degradation of methylene blue was conducted using the synthesized nanomaterials under sunlight exposure, with degradation efficiency dependent on nanoparticle dosage and dye concentration. Notably, both ZrO2 and HAp nanoparticles exhibited significant efficacy in dye degradation, with ZrO2 demonstrating superior performance at low dye concentrations and HAp exhibiting remarkable effectiveness at higher nanoparticle doses. This research underscores the promising potential of ZrO2 and HAp nanoparticles as efficient catalysts for mitigating organic dye pollution in water bodies, offering a sustainable approach to address this pressing environmental challenge.