ENUMERATION AND DETECTION OF ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF COLIFORM BACTERIA FROM MILK SAMPLES IN KATHMANDU.
Date
2022-08-08
Authors
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Publisher
Amrit Campus
Abstract
The presence coliforms and their resistance in milk is the big issue in present time. Milk
is an excellent source of nutrients and also serves as a good medium for the growth of
milk-borne pathogens. Cross-sectional study was conducted to assess and compare
microbial quality of raw milk and pasteurized milk and also determine antimicrobial
susceptibility patterns of coliforms from the milk samples. For this, 30 milk samples (15
raw and 15 pasteurized milk) were collected from different locations of Kathmandu
district. Starch adulteration test and MBRT were done. TCC, FCC for each sample were
determined by pour plate technique and interpretated with BIS guidelines (1992), DFTQC
guidelines and identification was done. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of isolates was
carried out by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method using 12 different antibiotics. TCC of
the 12 raw samples were higher than the guideline and its FCC was also found to be higher
in 9 samples. In case of pasteurized samples, TCC was higher in 6 samples and FCC in 4
samples. A total of 31 isolates, 21 from raw samples and rest from pasteurized samples
were identified. Out of 31 isolates, 17 (54.84%) were identified as Klebsiella spp., 13
(41.94%) were E. coli and 1 (3.22%) was Citrobacter spp. AST of coliform isolates were
100% sensitive against TE. 96.77% of the isolates were sensitive towards NIT, PIT, COT,
C and AK. Out of total, 11 (35.48%) were MDR (Multi-Drug Resistant). Among them, 7
(63.64%) were from raw samples and rest 4 (36.36%) from pasteurized samples.
Although, quality of most of the samples were good as per MBRT but the presence of
antimicrobial resistant bacteria and adulterants questions the overall quality ofmilk. Thus,
it is concluded that the milk produced by small-scale farm from the studied area are not of
good quality, caused by coliforms especially the antibiotic resistant. Therefore, such type
of study for monitoring the microbial quality of milk should be done in order to safeguard
the consumers. Otherwise, it will be hazardous for the consumers and can be a potential
source of milk-borne infections.
Description
Keywords
E. coli, Fecal coliform count (FCC), Antibiotic susceptibility testing, Multi drug resistant