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Cultural Transfer in Legal Translation ; Domestication of Legal practices in Nepali Laws and Legal Systems
(2026) Bhattarai, Achyutananda; Amma Raj Joshi
Foreign legal apparatuses and values have been appropriated in Nepali laws and the legal system through translation. As a set of skills that help a message travel from the source language (SL) to the target language (TL), translation involves language, values, and cultural perspectives that play a significant role in legal translation as well. Such a transfer involves word-for-word or sense-for-sense appropriation, and this research uses the second one to appropriate foreign legal culture into Nepali laws and legal systems. In the legal field, such an appropriation and transfer is evident. During this process, the SL culture is prominently transferred to the TL. In Nepali laws, foreign culture has been appropriated congruously and
incongruously, and this study examines such appropriation through translation, the reasons, and produces textual and practical evidence. This qualitative research has collected primary data from the Constitution of
Nepal 2015, the National Civil (Code) Act 2017, the National Penal (Code) Act 2017, the Evidence Act of 1974, and the Act Relating to Children 2018 using the SL and the authorized TL version and has compared and contrasted with the US Constitution, the Marriage Act 1949 of England, Matrimonial Causes Act, 1973 (divorce) of England and Wales, the International Convention on Civil and Political Rights, 1966
(ICCPR), the Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989 (CRC), and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 1998 (ICC), the French Civil Code, the German Penal Code, and the Japanese Penal Code to explore the congruities and incongruities. This is descriptive analytical work that has interpreted data using the hermeneutic interpretative method. As a conceptual framework, this research has used Alex. Fraser Tytler's (1907) principles of translation, J. L. Austin's (1962) speech act theory, and H. Paul Grice's (1975) cooperative principles to explore the legislative intent of the source text. Hans J. Vermeer and Mary Snell-Hornby's (1980s) concepts of translation as a cross-cultural event, Lawrence Venuti's (1990s) domestication and foreignization strategies for cultural transfer, and Alan Watson's (2006) concept of legal transplant. This research finds that, due to the influence of globalization and the need for modernization of Nepali law, Nepal has adopted foreign legal culture congruously in principles and incongruously in practices. In the Constitution of Nepal and the national civil and penal codes, Nepal has appropriated foreign legal principles as a cultural compromise. The appropriation of human rights, corporate, and environmental laws is a need to modernize the Nepali legal system. Not only the laws, but also legal maxims and terminologies are appropriated. This research enriches the readers with new knowledge that legal translation
has transferred foreign legal culture to the Nepali legal system, and based on this research, the prospective researcher can explore the cultural identity, policy implications in legislative drafts, future law reform plans, and translation practices in Nepal.
Perception of Students towards Yoga Practice in Basic Level School
(2024) Joshi, Padam Raj; Shailandra Chiluwal
The study entitled "Perception of Students towards Yoga Practice in Basic Level School" was conducted at Janasewa Secondary School in Kirtipur, Kathmandu. The primary objective of this research was to explore students' perceptions of yoga practice at the basic level and to identify the needs of yoga practice for basic-level students. This research has been carried out based on quantitative design, utilizing a primary data source. Out of the total 286 students in classes 6, 7 and 8, sample of 150 boys and girls were randomly selected through lottery method. Data collection relied
on a set of questionnaires, and the gathered information underwent tabulation, presentation under various titles and subtitles, and conversion into percent for interpretation and analysis. Analysis of the knowledge enhancement section reveals that most of the respondents were positive perception, while a few respondents were negative perception to it. Regarding the students' practice of yoga, most of the respondents
were negative perception, whereas the need for yoga was perceived positively by majority of the students. To address the identified moderation, it is recommended that yoga has to incorporate compulsorily in school curriculum of basic-level schools, accompanied by the appointment of dedicated yoga teachers. This strategic approach ensures that students receive consistent and standardized yoga education. Furthermore, recognizing the micro-level scope of the current research, it is suggested to extend future studies to a macro level for a more comprehensive understanding of students' perceptions towards yoga practice in diverse settings.
Advanced technology for border security of Nepal: prospects and challenges
(2025) Sherpa, Furgeli; Danda Pani Adhikari
Advanced technology is cutting-edge innovations that push the boundaries of existing
knowledge and capabilities which includes sophisticated tools, systems and techniques
designed to improve efficiency, solve complex problems, enhance quality of life and effective
service delivery. Use of latest technologies are necessary for the effective border security of
Nepal. It’s beneficial, positive, significances and good aspects are known as contributions, and
difficulties, negative, threats and possible harmful aspects are considered as challenges. The
future enabling possibilities are prospects. The objectives of the study are to: understand the
significance of use of advanced technology in the effective border security of Nepal, find the
prospects of use of advanced technology in effective border security of Nepal, and explore the
challenges of use of advanced technology in effective border security of Nepal. This study
applied qualitative exploratory, explanatory and descriptive method to meet the objectives.
The primary data were collected through field observations, key informant`s interactions,
discussions, and open-ended interviews. The secondary data were collected through books,
journals, articles, online publications, and websites. The significances are enhancing
surveillance, monitoring, effective defensive offensive operations, prevention from
transborder crime, efficient immigration, custom management, counter terrorism, national
security, optimization of resource utilization, data driven decision making, strengthens
international relations, economic benefits and assurance for face the challenges. The prospects
are effective physical security, continuous surveillance, sound monitoring, artificial
intelligence utilization, big data analysis, adequate internet of things, prompt cyber security,
smart integrated border management, technological integration and collaboration as well as
modern security technologies. The challenges are resource constraints, skill constraints, lack
of clear legal provisions, cybersecurity threats, open border, global compliance provisions,
disaster impacts, coordination cooperation difficulties, human security impacts, difficult
geographical locations and technological errors. Technology is as good friend in all the fields
nowadays. The effective border security of Nepal is possible through the use advance
technologies as much as possible.
Keywords: Border Security, advanced technology, effective, surveillance, prospects.