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नेपाली शिक्षा विषयमा विद्वारिधि पिएचडी उपाधिका निम्ति प्रस्तुत
(2025) काफ्ले, उमेश; पारसमणि भण्डारी
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Depression Anxiety and Stress Among Secondary Level Students of Pokhara Metropolitan City
(2025) Silwal, Muna; Surendra Giri
Depression, anxiety, and stress are the worldwide-recognized mental health problems affecting adolescents. This research aims to identify the prevalence and factors associated with depression anxiety and stress among Secondary Level Students of Pokhara Metropolitan City. A quantitative analytical cross-sectional research design was adapted in this study. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 348 students from the five public schools. For the analysis of data, multivariate logistic regression was carried out to decide statistically significant variables of symptoms of DAS at a p-value <0.05. The overall prevalence of DAS was found to be 43.1%, 47.1%, and 45.6% (95% CI). In multivariate analysis, bad childhood experience and traumatic life experience were found to be significantly associated with depression; similarly, educational stress and traumatic life experience were found to be significantly associated with anxiety, and bad childhood experience, physical illness or injury, involvement in social activities, bullying, traumatic life experience, and exam phobia were found to be significantly associated with stress. It is concluded that symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress are more prevalent in the moderate to extremely severe range among the secondary level students. The role of family and school is essential to promote mental health of the secondary level students.
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Impact of physical activities in cognitive development of basic level students in Udayapur district
(2025) Giri, Mahesh; Lokendra Sherchan
This study, entitled "Impact of Physical activities in cognitive development of basic level students in Udayapur district", was conducted in the Udayapur Gadhi rural municipality of Udayapur district, Koshi province, Nepal. The objectives of this study were to find out the impact of physical activities in cognitive development of basic school students in Udayapur district, to evaluate the relationship between physical activities and cognitive development and to analyze the opinion of PE Teachers and Headmasters towards the association of physical activities with knowledge development. This study was grounded in an explorative qualitative research design, the study utilized in-depth interviews to gather perspectives from twelve respondents, comprising six students (three boys and three girls), three health and physical education (HPE) teachers and three headmasters, selected through purposive sampling from three community schools within Udayapur Gadhi Rural Municipality. The Findings revealed that physical activities significantly enhanced students’ cognitive functions, including attention, memory retention, comprehension, and classroom engagement. Regular involvement in exercises also contributed to students’ time management, self-discipline, emotional regulation, and development of positive social behaviors such as teamwork and cooperation. Both teachers and headmasters observed increased academic motivation and improved behavior among physically active students. However, challenges such as lack of facilities, undervaluation of physical education, and unstructured PE sessions hindered its full implementation. Overall, the research emphasizes that balanced, structured, and well-supported physical education is essential not only for students’ physical well-being but also for fostering cognitive and academic growth. It recommends policy support, teacher training, and improved infrastructure to integrate physical activity meaningfully into the school curriculum.