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Recent Submissions
Advanced technology for border security of Nepal: prospects and challenges
(2025) Sherpa, Furgeli; Danda Pani Adhikari
Advanced technology is cutting-edge innovations that push the boundaries of existing
knowledge and capabilities which includes sophisticated tools, systems and techniques
designed to improve efficiency, solve complex problems, enhance quality of life and effective
service delivery. Use of latest technologies are necessary for the effective border security of
Nepal. It’s beneficial, positive, significances and good aspects are known as contributions, and
difficulties, negative, threats and possible harmful aspects are considered as challenges. The
future enabling possibilities are prospects. The objectives of the study are to: understand the
significance of use of advanced technology in the effective border security of Nepal, find the
prospects of use of advanced technology in effective border security of Nepal, and explore the
challenges of use of advanced technology in effective border security of Nepal. This study
applied qualitative exploratory, explanatory and descriptive method to meet the objectives.
The primary data were collected through field observations, key informant`s interactions,
discussions, and open-ended interviews. The secondary data were collected through books,
journals, articles, online publications, and websites. The significances are enhancing
surveillance, monitoring, effective defensive offensive operations, prevention from
transborder crime, efficient immigration, custom management, counter terrorism, national
security, optimization of resource utilization, data driven decision making, strengthens
international relations, economic benefits and assurance for face the challenges. The prospects
are effective physical security, continuous surveillance, sound monitoring, artificial
intelligence utilization, big data analysis, adequate internet of things, prompt cyber security,
smart integrated border management, technological integration and collaboration as well as
modern security technologies. The challenges are resource constraints, skill constraints, lack
of clear legal provisions, cybersecurity threats, open border, global compliance provisions,
disaster impacts, coordination cooperation difficulties, human security impacts, difficult
geographical locations and technological errors. Technology is as good friend in all the fields
nowadays. The effective border security of Nepal is possible through the use advance
technologies as much as possible.
Keywords: Border Security, advanced technology, effective, surveillance, prospects.
Comparative marketing strategy of Everest bank limited and Sanima bank limited
(2024) Gupta, Monika; Chakrapani Dahal
This dissertation explores and compares the marketing strategies employed by Everest Bank Limited and Sanima Bank Limited, two prominent commercial banks operating in Nepal. The study aims to analyze how each bank designs, implements, and adapts its marketing initiatives to attract and retain customers in a competitive financial environment. The research focuses on key elements of the marketing mix—product, price, place, promotion—as well as modern digital marketing practices, branding efforts, and customer relationship management. Primary data were collected through customer surveys and interviews with bank officials, while secondary data were obtained from bank reports, official websites, and published articles. The study also incorporates a SWOT analysis to evaluate the internal strengths and weaknesses, along with external opportunities and threats faced by both institutions. The comparative analysis highlights the differences in strategic approaches, such as Everest Bank’s reliance on traditional marketing and brand legacy versus Sanima Bank’s inclination towards digital engagement and customer-centric innovation. Findings indicate that while both banks are effective in their respective strategies, a more integrated approach combining traditional and digital techniques could enhance market reach and customer satisfaction. The study concludes with practical recommendations for both banks to optimize their marketing efforts in light of evolving customer preferences and technological advancements.
Local curriculum development and implementation process in community school
(2025) Adhikari, Sapana; Narayan Aryal
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