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Migratory Experiences of Senior Citizens toward Land of Origin and Destination (A Study of Barahachhetra Municipality-7)
(2025) Poudel, Vikash; Ram Raj Pokharel
This thesis examines the lived experiences of senior citizens who have migrated from their place of origin and are currently residing in Barahachhetra Municipality, Ward No. 7, Sunsari District. Given the study’s focus on emotions and personal experiences, a grounded theory approach was applied. The primary objectives were to explore their perceptions of their land of origin (Thath-thalo) and understand the mechanisms they employ to adapt to their new environment. Employing a mixed-method approach with a strong emphasis on qualitative research, particularly phenomenology, the study delves into overlooked aspects of their migration journey while incorporating quantitative data for statistical representation. Data collection involved in-depth interviews and participant observations, with 13 respondents serving as key informants. Secondary sources were also utilized to supplement the findings. Thematic and narrative analyses were employed to interpret the data. Key findings reveal that 69.2% of elderly migrants depend on family support, while 92.3% rely on social welfare, with limited independent income sources. Economic challenges were prevalent, as none of the participants reported financial stability post-migration. The study further identifies social factors such as
companionship, a sense of belonging, and improved living conditions as primary motivators for migration, outweighing economic and familial reasons. Additionally, the research underscores the potential benefits of migration for older adults, suggesting that relocation to areas with better infrastructure and strong community networks can significantly enhance their quality of life.
Keywords: Senior citizen, Land of Origin, Lived Experiences, Migration, and Social Factors.
Movement from Secure Base to the Unknown World: A Study of Child Psychology in Dev Kumari Thapa’s Selected Stories
(2025) Nepali, Uma; Mahesh Paudyal
This thesis explores how child psychology is portrayed in four selected stories by the renowned Nepali author Dev Kumari Thapa, taken from a collection initially published in 2019 AD. Anchored in Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, the study delves into the psychological growth of child characters and their emotional responses to societal challenges. The stories, including “Securing Future,” “Puppy,” “Ritthe’s Question,” and “Tears That Could Not Become Pearls” provide a nuanced examination of innocence, curiosity, and resilience amidst adversity. Each narrative
aligns with key developmental stages: Naresh’s imagination and questions about war reflect the preoperational stage; Madhukari’s empathy for her puppy and defiance towards her father resonate with the transition to the formal operational stage; Ritthe’s survival instincts highlight the concrete operational stage; and Bhunte’s reflections on loss and suffering demonstrate the onset of abstract thinking in the formal operational stage. Thapa’s works capture the essence of childhood in a socio-cultural context, emphasizing the interplay between external hardships and internal emotional growth. Through symbolic elements like pearls, tears, and war, the stories reveal how family, environment, and societal expectations influence cognitive development. Read with a critical lens from Piaget’s developmental psychology, this thesis offers a critical lens to understand childhood psychology through literature, contributing to the discourse on emotional resilience, cognitive growth, and moral development.
Keywords: Child psychology, cognitive development, emotional growth, parental influence, innocence
Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Ring Necked Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) in Dang Valley, Nepal
(2025) Basnet, Robin; Kishor Pandey
The ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) is a game bird originally from South Asia
and is commonly found in countries such as Pakistan, India, Thailand, and Nepal. Nepal is
home to various wild pheasant species while the practice of raising pheasants for human
consumption is a relatively new agricultural practice in the country. The purpose of this
study was to determine the common gastrointestinal parasites in the pheasants of three
municipality of Dang Valley, Nepal. A total of 150 fresh fecal samples 75 from male
pheasants and 75 from females were collected and preserved in a 2.5% potassium
dichromate solution. These samples were subjected to direct smear, flotation and
sedimentation techniques for microscopic examination at 100× and 400× magnification.
Data were analyzed using Venn diagrams, tables and bar charts and statistical analysis was
carried out using R Studio. Of the 150 samples analyzed, 66 tested positive for parasitic
infections, indicating an overall prevalence of 44%. Five different parasitic genera were
identified in the ring-necked pheasants. Among nematodes, Heterakis spp. (12.66%),
Capillaria spp. (8%), Ascaridia spp. (6%), and Strongyle spp. (5.33%) were detected. For
protozoa only Eimeria spp. (12%) was identified. The prevalence of parasitic infection was
higher in male pheasants (49.3%) compared to females (38.66%), although the difference
was not statistically significant (p = 0.26). Additionally, the prevalence was highest at lower
altitudes (48%) and lowest at higher altitudes (36%), with no significant statistical
difference between the two altitudes (p = 0.222). Statistically, the difference in prevalence
of intestinal parasitic infection among study area was found to be insignificant (p=0.103).
Overall, the findings suggest that ring-necked pheasants in the Dang Valley are susceptible
to gastrointestinal parasites. So to minimize the GI parasite in ring necked pheasant routine
fecal examination and deworming should be carried out.