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A study of the resilience of local community and reconstruction of Earthquake damaged buildings Balaju and Gongabun area of Kathmandu
(2024) Shrestha, Abiral; Keshav Silwal
The Great Earthquake thathadstruckinthecentral part of Nepal on April 25, 2015 is one ofthe most unforgettable traumatic events in the contemporary history ofNepal. Thisdevastating natural disaster killed almost 9,000 people, injured and maimedanequally greatnumber of people and destroyedthousands of private and public houses, buildings,infrastructures worth billions of rupees. The country has yet to fully recover fromtremendousdamagescaused by the mega-earthquake. Like other places in the central region of Nepal,Kathmandu, the capital city, was also badly jolted by the earthquake causing irreparabledamage to thenumerous heritagebuildings, temples of the great cultural and historicalimportance as well asasignificant loss of life and propertyof common people. Amongplacesin Kathmandu Metropolitan City, the placeswhich was most affected by the Earthquake areBalajuand Gongabunarea. Balaju and Gongabunarelocatedat a distance of only fewkilometersnorth-westernoutskirtareaof Kathmandu city. This present research entitled“AStudy of the Resilienceof Local Community andReconstruction of Earthquake DamagedBuildingsin Balaju and Gongabun Areaof Kathmandu” attempts to conduct a study of thelocal community’s attempts to reconstruct their earthquake-damaged houses and theuniquespirit of resiliency demonstrated bythe communitypeoplein these twoplaces. The study isbased onthe analysis of thesocio-economic, demographic and educational backgrounds aswell as the personalopinion and perception of the local respondentswho were selected forthe survey purpose. Based on the answers of the respondents, an attempt to assess themethods used by the community to develop the spirit ofresilience amongthemselves andthecurrent status ofthe reconstruction of damaged buildings, issues and problems faced by thecommunitypeople in rebuildingprocess hasalso been explored.With anobjectiveof helpingto improve the effectiveness, management and governance aspects related todelivery oftherelief andassistance to the disaster-affected people,andexpediting theprocess ofreconstruction activities, theresearch has also madesome relevantrecommendations todifferent concerned agencies and stakeholders like NRA, government agencies, NGOs,INGOs, private sector, engineers, architects, scholars and researchers etc.
Use of YouTube Videos as a Resource for Learning English Language
(2024) Bhatt, Bishan Datt; Guru Prasad Poudel
This is a study on Use of YouTube Videos as a Resource for Learning English
Language. It aimed to find out the secondary level students’ experience, perceptions
and problems regarding the use of YouTube videos as resources for learning English.
This study followed survey research design and used a set of questionnaires consisting
of open-ended and close-ended items as a data collection tool. Altogether, hundred
students of class ten from four community schools of Kirtipur Municipality,
Kathmandu were selected as the sample of the study using simple random sampling
procedure. The data obtained from close-ended questionnaire were analysed by using
tables, graphs, and pie-chart. However, the data obtained from open-ended
questionnaire were analysed following thematic approach. The findings of this study
revealed that students extensively use YouTube videos as resources for learning
English. The types of videos they frequently watch include tutorials, lectures,
language exercises, and entertainment content with English subtitles. The primary
purposes for using YouTube videos in learning English is to improve language skills,
aspects and complete academic tasks. In the same way, students perceived YouTube
videos as highly important and effective resources in their English learning journey
which help to motivate and engage them by making learning more active,
autonomous, and attentive. Despite these, they face specific problems like lack of
Internet access, slow connections, and disruptive advertisement.
This thesis consists of five chapters. The first chapter deals with the
introduction, which incorporates the background of the study, statement of the
problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significant of the study,
delimitations of the study, and operational definitions of the key terms. Similarly, the
second chapter contains the review of related theoretical as well as empirical literature
and its implication for the study along with the conceptual framework. Likewise, the
third chapter deals with the methods and procedures of the study, which covers design
and method of the study, population, sample and sampling strategy, data collection
tools and techniques, sources of data, data collection procedures, data analysis, and
interpretation procedures. In the same way, the fourth chapter includes the analysis
and interpretation of results and summary of the findings. Likewise, the fifth chapter
incorporates conclusion, and implications related to policy, practice and further
research level. Furthermore, references and appendices are included at the end of this
thesis for the validation.
Reiki crins: A subaltern character in blacklisted in Bhutan: Love lost and transformed in the land of gross national happiness
(2024) Thapa, Prasun; Mahesh Paudyal
This paper explores Reiki Crins as a subaltern character in her memoir Blacklisted in
Bhutan: Love Lost and Love Transformed in the Land of Gross National Happiness in
the light of the subaltern perspective. The memoir revolves around Crins’ journey and
her struggle to motivate and educate the youths of Bhutan, providing job
opportunities and happiness in Tsachaphu village. Oscillating between the
declaration of Bhutan as the world’s happiest country and the real-life experiences of
the Bhutanese, she strives to confront pragmatic problems in the village in which she
plays a significant role in elevating the particular village's condition. However, Crins,
a citizen from the Netherlands, is blacklisted. This research paper, therefore, focusing
on Rieki Crins, deals with the three specific questions: What contradiction does she
confront while visiting Bhutan? Why is she blacklisted despite her good work? And
how is she a subaltern character in her memoir? To answer these questions, this
research employs Antonio Gramsci, Gayatri Chakraborty Spivak’s notion of
‘Subaltern,’ and ‘Ranajit Guha’s concept of ‘Reflective Action.’ The paper claims
that Reiki Crins, indeed, is a subaltern character; however, she takes particular space
as a resistive site, and being within the periphery challenges the structural
domination of the Bhutanese government. Subalterns are the subordinated category of
people in a particular place at a specific time; nevertheless, they are relative and in
continuous flux. Thus, using the flexible position of a subaltern, Crins, challenges the
hegemonic force of the dominant and portrays the self as an agency to the ordinary
people. In this regard, Crins’ memoir is a projection of a subaltern character, who
uses subaltern consciousness to speak for the voiceless.
Keywords: Subaltern, Consciousness, Domination, Resistance and Recognition