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A study of the resilience of local community and reconstruction of Earthquake damaged buildings Balaju and Gongabun area of Kathmandu
(2024) Shrestha, Abiral; Keshav Silwal
The Great Earthquake thathadstruckinthecentral part of Nepal on April 25, 2015 is one ofthe most unforgettable traumatic events in the contemporary history ofNepal. Thisdevastating natural disaster killed almost 9,000 people, injured and maimedanequally greatnumber of people and destroyedthousands of private and public houses, buildings,infrastructures worth billions of rupees. The country has yet to fully recover fromtremendousdamagescaused by the mega-earthquake. Like other places in the central region of Nepal,Kathmandu, the capital city, was also badly jolted by the earthquake causing irreparabledamage to thenumerous heritagebuildings, temples of the great cultural and historicalimportance as well asasignificant loss of life and propertyof common people. Amongplacesin Kathmandu Metropolitan City, the placeswhich was most affected by the Earthquake areBalajuand Gongabunarea. Balaju and Gongabunarelocatedat a distance of only fewkilometersnorth-westernoutskirtareaof Kathmandu city. This present research entitled“AStudy of the Resilienceof Local Community andReconstruction of Earthquake DamagedBuildingsin Balaju and Gongabun Areaof Kathmandu” attempts to conduct a study of thelocal community’s attempts to reconstruct their earthquake-damaged houses and theuniquespirit of resiliency demonstrated bythe communitypeoplein these twoplaces. The study isbased onthe analysis of thesocio-economic, demographic and educational backgrounds aswell as the personalopinion and perception of the local respondentswho were selected forthe survey purpose. Based on the answers of the respondents, an attempt to assess themethods used by the community to develop the spirit ofresilience amongthemselves andthecurrent status ofthe reconstruction of damaged buildings, issues and problems faced by thecommunitypeople in rebuildingprocess hasalso been explored.With anobjectiveof helpingto improve the effectiveness, management and governance aspects related todelivery oftherelief andassistance to the disaster-affected people,andexpediting theprocess ofreconstruction activities, theresearch has also madesome relevantrecommendations todifferent concerned agencies and stakeholders like NRA, government agencies, NGOs,INGOs, private sector, engineers, architects, scholars and researchers etc.
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Use of YouTube Videos as a Resource for Learning English Language
(2024) Bhatt, Bishan Datt; Guru Prasad Poudel
This is a study on Use of YouTube Videos as a Resource for Learning English Language. It aimed to find out the secondary level students’ experience, perceptions and problems regarding the use of YouTube videos as resources for learning English. This study followed survey research design and used a set of questionnaires consisting of open-ended and close-ended items as a data collection tool. Altogether, hundred students of class ten from four community schools of Kirtipur Municipality, Kathmandu were selected as the sample of the study using simple random sampling procedure. The data obtained from close-ended questionnaire were analysed by using tables, graphs, and pie-chart. However, the data obtained from open-ended questionnaire were analysed following thematic approach. The findings of this study revealed that students extensively use YouTube videos as resources for learning English. The types of videos they frequently watch include tutorials, lectures, language exercises, and entertainment content with English subtitles. The primary purposes for using YouTube videos in learning English is to improve language skills, aspects and complete academic tasks. In the same way, students perceived YouTube videos as highly important and effective resources in their English learning journey which help to motivate and engage them by making learning more active, autonomous, and attentive. Despite these, they face specific problems like lack of Internet access, slow connections, and disruptive advertisement. This thesis consists of five chapters. The first chapter deals with the introduction, which incorporates the background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significant of the study, delimitations of the study, and operational definitions of the key terms. Similarly, the second chapter contains the review of related theoretical as well as empirical literature and its implication for the study along with the conceptual framework. Likewise, the third chapter deals with the methods and procedures of the study, which covers design and method of the study, population, sample and sampling strategy, data collection tools and techniques, sources of data, data collection procedures, data analysis, and interpretation procedures. In the same way, the fourth chapter includes the analysis and interpretation of results and summary of the findings. Likewise, the fifth chapter incorporates conclusion, and implications related to policy, practice and further research level. Furthermore, references and appendices are included at the end of this thesis for the validation.
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Reiki crins: A subaltern character in blacklisted in Bhutan: Love lost and transformed in the land of gross national happiness
(2024) Thapa, Prasun; Mahesh Paudyal
This paper explores Reiki Crins as a subaltern character in her memoir Blacklisted in Bhutan: Love Lost and Love Transformed in the Land of Gross National Happiness in the light of the subaltern perspective. The memoir revolves around Crins’ journey and her struggle to motivate and educate the youths of Bhutan, providing job opportunities and happiness in Tsachaphu village. Oscillating between the declaration of Bhutan as the world’s happiest country and the real-life experiences of the Bhutanese, she strives to confront pragmatic problems in the village in which she plays a significant role in elevating the particular village's condition. However, Crins, a citizen from the Netherlands, is blacklisted. This research paper, therefore, focusing on Rieki Crins, deals with the three specific questions: What contradiction does she confront while visiting Bhutan? Why is she blacklisted despite her good work? And how is she a subaltern character in her memoir? To answer these questions, this research employs Antonio Gramsci, Gayatri Chakraborty Spivak’s notion of ‘Subaltern,’ and ‘Ranajit Guha’s concept of ‘Reflective Action.’ The paper claims that Reiki Crins, indeed, is a subaltern character; however, she takes particular space as a resistive site, and being within the periphery challenges the structural domination of the Bhutanese government. Subalterns are the subordinated category of people in a particular place at a specific time; nevertheless, they are relative and in continuous flux. Thus, using the flexible position of a subaltern, Crins, challenges the hegemonic force of the dominant and portrays the self as an agency to the ordinary people. In this regard, Crins’ memoir is a projection of a subaltern character, who uses subaltern consciousness to speak for the voiceless. Keywords: Subaltern, Consciousness, Domination, Resistance and Recognition