Medicine

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Assessment of the Environmental Condition Related to Dengue Among the People of a Selected Community, Chitwan
(Tribhuvan University, Institute of medicine, 2014-09) Marahatta, Anju
Title: "Assessment of the Environmental Condition Related to Dengue among the People of a Selected Community, Chitwan". Objective: The Study was be intended to "assess the environmental conditions related to dengue." Background: Dengue is a climate sensitive vector borne diseases, which in recent years has become a public health concern. Dengue is transmitting in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, predominantly in urban and suburban areas (WHO,2006). Domestic dengue virus (DV) infection occurs in more than 100 countries and over 2.5 billions people live in the areas with a risk of dengue virus infection. Up to 100 million cases of Dengue fever (DF) and 500,000 cases of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and several thousands deaths are estimated to occur annually worldwide.(WHO, 2008). Methodology: Descriptive Exploration research design was used with the non- probability purposive sampling technique. Total of 50 respondents from Bharatpur-11 Chitwan were selected as sample. Semi-structured interview schedule was used. Result: Study result shows that the highest (42%) of the respondents were age group of 20-29 years and lowest (8%) were above 49 years of age. Mean age of the respondents was 29.76 with standard deviation 9.29. Highest percent (62%) of were female. Data shows that 86% of the respondents were literate. It is found that cent percent (100%) of the respondents had received information about dengue fever. Among them, highest percent (66%) had received from radio/TV. It is also found that 68% of the respondents' family members had no dengue fever. Almost all (96%) of the respondents respond that dengue fever is the mosquito born disease. Result shows that 74% respond flowering pot is the mosquito breeding place. Conclusion: : The study concluded that most of the respondents respond for dengue fever is the mosquito born disease. Most of them used mosquito nets for the prevention of disease. Three fourth of the respondents respond for dengue fever as a seasonable disease. Among them, more than half of the respondents respond summer iiiis the mostly occurring season of dengue fever. Most of respondents used to cover water supplied in household level. All most all household level had Water holding containers and water logged area near by residential .More than two third respondents household level had urban stagnant water filled potholes, covered water container after using it.
Awareness about Acute Respiratory Infections among mothers having under five children in Chitwan
(Tribhuvan University, Institute of medicine, 2014-09) Bista, Pramila
Background: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is defined as acute inflammatory changes in any part of respiratory tract, from nasal mucosa to the alveoli with an alteration in respiratory physiology. ARI is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in children aged under 5 year worldwide. Between 11 and 20 million children with pneumonia worldwide will require hospitalization, and more than 2 million will die from pneumonia. Objectives: The objective of this study is to find out awareness about acute respiratory infection (ARI) among mothers having under five children. Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study design was used for the study and semi structured questionnaire was used to collect the data .Collected data was analyzed by using frequency, mean, percentage and standard deviation (Descriptive Statistic). A total 50 mother of Bharatpur-11 and who have at least one live child under-five years was selected by using non probability purposive sampling technique. Result: The study revealed that more than half of respondents (58%) said, it is a problem of lungs and respiratory tract, (72%) were aware that micro organism is the main cause of ARI .Majority (98%) said it is transmitted through air. Almost all (96%) respondents said that baby exposed to indoor and outdoor smoke and baby whose caretaker or mother smoke are at higher risk for ARI. Cent percent respondents said the sign and symptoms of common cold is running nose. Cent percent respondents said that child suffered from common cold should be kept warm. Almost all (98%) said extra warm fluids should be given to drink and continued breast feeding, Almost all (96% ) said that sign and symptoms of pneumonia was fast breathing and fever. More than four fifth of the respondents (86%) said that the child suffered from pneumonia should seek for medical help. Hundred percent respondents said that child should be taken to seek medical help immediately when child breathing is noisy and in case of fever. Cent percent respondents said that they give warm Tulsi water to the child suffered from ARI as home remedy, Hundred percentage respondents said to prevent ARI, child should be kept away from smoke, dust and dirt, give proper nutrition to the child, keep child`s chest covered always, keep the iiichild away from direct draft, taking care of common cold immediately and completing child`s immunization on time. Majority (98%) respondent said that health post is the first person/health institution they contact for treatment. Conclusion: More than half respondents (52%) had moderate aware and 48% had adequate aware about ARI. it is statistically significant between level of awareness and type of family (p=0.03), Occurrence of ARI(p=0.37), which means level of awareness is higher in mother living in joint family rather than living in nuclear family. The awareness program can be conducted in especial occasions like mother group meeting and where the related person can get information.
Contributing Factors of Adolescence Pregnancy in Terai Community, Sarlahi
(Tribhuvan University, Institute of medicine, 2014-09) kushwaha, Aasha kumari
Topic: Contributing Factors of Adolescence pregnancy in Tarai Community Background: Nepal is committed to achieve healthy life including sexual and reproductive health. Adolescence pregnancy is big problem in all over country including Nepal. All adolescence affects from adolescence pregnancy. Objectives Contributing factors of Adolescence pregnancy in Terai Community. Study Method:. Descriptive cross sectional study design was used. The study procedure involved the simple random selection of VDCs and non-probability sampling method was used. Sample size was 50. Result: The finding of this study revealed that the higher rate(98%). of adolescence of pregnancy was in the age of 15 to19. Regarding economical condition, 84% were within the group of enough for monthly expenditure and the equal percent of (84%) were Hindu. In regard with education, around two third (66%) were literate and 33% were illiterate. Regarding marriage, 48% respondent had married below age of 15 and 52% had married between 15 to 19.While most of the respondent (94%) were not interested for marriage and 6% were interested for their marriage. Sixty percent of the respondents were father pressurized for early marriage, 58% by mother and 50% by other family members. Regarding believe of early marriage92% respondents believe that tradition, 52% believe that gender discrimination and 20% god belief. Various type of social impact of adolescence pregnancy like 56% school dropout, 36% poly marriage, 8% separation. Among all respondents 78% know about adolescence pregnancy and 22% didn’t know about adolescence pregnancy through 18% radio and 72% through health person. This research found that 46% of majority had dependent on farming and 24% had their own business. Among all 92% mothers were housewives. Conclusion: In conclusion, most of the respondents know about complication of adolescence pregnancy. There are different contributing factors which effect on adolescence pregnancy. Some respondents face social pressure and face family pressure for early marriage.
Contributing Factors of Diabetes Mellitus Among Clients Attending in Private Hospital of College of Medical Sciences, Chitwan
(Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, 2014-09) Poudel, Sangita
Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing rapidly throughout the world both in Developing and developed countries. Type2 diabetes is a global public health crisis that threatens the economies of all nations, particularly developing countries it is self manageable disease. It can be managed through diet, physical activity, controlling weight, avoidance of smoking and alcohol. Objectives: This study is to identify contributing factors of type two diabetes mellitus among the clients attending in Private Hospital College Of Medical Sciences Chitwan. Methodology: A descriptive study design was used for the study and semi structured questionnaire was used to collect the data .Collected data were analyzed by using frequency, mean, percentiles and standard deviation ( Descriptive Statistic) . A total 50 clients were selected who had diagnosed Type2 Diabetes Mellitus and conducted in private hospital of college of medical sciences, chitwan and selected by using non probability purposive sampling technique. Result: This study shows that diabetes mellitus’s effects increase with age, majority (32%) of the respondents under the age group (50-59) years. and prevalence of diabetes was higher in urban area (66%) Affecting female more than half (52%). Majority (72%) of the respondents were literate, Regarding occupation 46% were engaged in Household activities, Among the 50 respondents (46%) had positive history of diabetes. Fourty two percent of the respondents used to do exercise. Regarding risk behavior more than half (56%), of the respondents had habit of Smoking and (42%) had habit of alcohol consumption. Just less than half (48%) of the respondents used to see TV during leisure time, according to body mass index (BMI) (32%) Were overweight was found which was to be predisposing factor of diabetes mellitus. More than half (54%) were physically inactive which was to be predisposing factor of diabetes mellitus. most of (86%) had high carbohydrate and fatty food intake habit, and (40.9%) had intake high fatty diet. Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be concluded that diabetes mellitus was increasing age, positive family history, physical inactivity, diet, smoking habit and more prevalent in urban area. So awareness programme is needed to prevent and control the disease and risk factors.
Factors Affecting Communication Between Patients and Health Personnel in a Private Hospital, Koshi
(Tribhuvan University, Institute of medicine, 2014-09) Choudhary, Menuka
Research Title: “Factors Affecting Communication between Patients and Health Personals in a Private Hospital, Koshi”. Background: Communication is the activity of conveying information through the exchange of ideas, feelings, intentions, attitudes, expectations, perceptions or commands, as by speech, gestures, writings, and behavior.The main intention of communication and interaction in the health setting is to influence the patient’s health status or state of well-being (Fleischer, et al., 2009). Objective: To identify the "Factors affecting communication between patients and health personnels”. Methodology: A descriptive design was used for this study and total 50 patients were selected in Birat Hospital Private limited using non-probability purposive sampling technique. Semi-Structured interview schedule was used to collect the data. Result: A total of 50 respondents were interviewed. Almost half (46%) of the respondents were of (40-59) years, more than half (62%) were females in comparison to male. Thirty eight percent were illiterate, 66% lived in urban area, majority (90%) of the respondents followed Hindu religion and 84% were from middle class family. More than half(64%)spoke Nepali language, majority(84%) of the respondents were admitted less than 5 days, 92% didn’t get information of hospital rules and regulations at the time of addmission, majority(90% and 92%)of the respondents didn’t have language problem and cultural barriers respectively while communicating. Cent percent of the respondents felt comfortable in ward arrangement, got medication at right time, proper nursing care during hospitalization. Conclusion: Majority of respondents didn’t get information of hospital rules and regulations at the time of admission and had no language problem. Cent percent of the respondents felt comfortable in ward arrangement, got medication at right time, got Proper Nursing care during hospitalization established two ways communication & communicated with nursing staff time to time. Proper counseling system about hospital rules and regulation at time of admission.
Factors Affecting Obesity Among Teenager Students of Government School, Dharan
(Tribhuvan University, Institute of medicine, 2014-09) Subba, Alasha Kumari
Research Title: "Factors Affecting Obesity Among Teenagers of Government School Of Dharan." Background: Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy. Obesity has become a serious public health because of its strong association with adulthood obesity and its related consequences. (Ramachandra & Snehalatha, 2010). Objectives: To identify the factors affecting obesity among teenager students and to assess the eating habits, physical activities related factors and its association between obesity status. Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Shree Sahid Smriti Madhyamik Vidhyalaya, Dharan-8.Sample size of 50 and purposively selected the school, then selected the respondents from class 9 and 10 by simple random sampling method. Anthropometric measurement of height and weight and semi structured self administered questionnaire was used. Results: The study revealed the prevalence of obesity among the respondents was overweight 50% and 6% were obese. Majority of the respondents were of age 15.Seventy four percent of the respondents were of first and second child in the family. Less than half (36%) of the respondents father had completed primary and secondary level while 48% were illiterate mothers and almost equal of the respondents’ father were engaged in service (36%) and business (34%) while half (50%) of mother were engaged in business. There was significant association between consumption of fast foods, activities done during leisure time and obesity status of value P<0.01.There was no significant association between consumption of carbohydrates, fat foods, vitamins, drinks, vigorous physical activities, moderate physical activities and obesity status. Conclusion: The large potential for obesity are alarming among teenagers. Obese and overweight students need to be monitored closely. The common method of avoiding obesity such as awareness on promoting healthy food and physical activities should be focused.
Knowledge and Practices on Prevention From Complications of Hypertension Among the Clients in Chitwan
(Institute of Medicine ( Nursing ), 2014) Panta, Yojana
Hypertension is the fast emerging as the modern epidemic in the world. It contributes to the high mortality rate. Therefore, A study on “Knowledge and practices on prevention from complications of Hypertension among the clients” conducted to identify the knowledge and practices on prevention from complications of Hypertension among the clients in Chitwan. Many of the study addressed that adequate knowledge and practice can prevent the complications of Hypertension (HTN) and improved the quality of life of the clients. Descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted among 55 respondents. Non probability, purposive sampling technique was used to select the respondents in Bharatpur hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan. A semi-structured interview questionnaire was used for data collection and the obtained data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean and inferential statistical chi-square test used to analyze the association between knowledge and practices and socio- demographical variables through academic table. The study results revealed that, majorities (58.2%) of the respondents were literate and about half (52.7%) of the respondents didn’t know meaning of hypertension. Almost all (94.5%) of the respondents answered that low salt intake is the main preventive measure of complications of HTN. 18.2% respondents had habit of smoking and 45.5% respondents had not practice of regular eye check up. 67.3% of the respondents had moderate knowledge . Likewise 67.3% of the respondents had good practices. Level of knowledge is statistically significant with literacy status (p=0.047). level of practice is statistically significant with occupational status (p=0.044). It is concluded that majority of the respondents had average knowledge and good practices on prevention from complication of hypertension although clients had not good practices according to their knowledge. Based on findings, it is recommended that a well designed counseling and made more aware on hypertensive complications to the hypertensive clients from all health sectors.
Knowledge Regarding Occupational Health Hazards Among Nurses in a Government Hospital, Chitwan
(Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, 2014-09) Sharma, Nita
Title: "Knowledge regarding Occupational Health Hazards among Nurses in a Government Hospital, Chitwan." Objective: To find out the knowledge regarding occupational health hazards among nurses. Background: Occupational health is essential preventive medicine. Occupation health should aim at the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations. Nurses are exposed to high levels of occupational hazards. Occupational hazards include: Physical, mechanical, biological, chemical and psychosocial hazards. The causes of occupational health hazards are lack of knowledge, lack of protective measure, negligence etc. These hazards are prevented by engineering control, administrative control such as training, work allocation, monitoring risks, health education, immunization and personnel protection. Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional research design was used. Total 50 nurses were selected by using non probability purposive sampling method from indoor department of Bharatpur Government Hospital Chitwan. Self-administered questionnaire was developed to collect the data. Result: Study result shows that most of the respondents were age of 20-29 years. Mean age of the respondent was 23.78 with 6.05 standard deviation. Almost all of the respondents were female and had PCL Nursing education. Mean work experience was 3.94 years with standard deviation 5.57. Result shows that majority of the respondents were not exposed to mass media regarding occupational health hazards. Majority of the respondents were not suffered from occupational health hazard. More than three- fourth of the respondents were respond for lack of protective measure and increased workload as the causes. Cent percent of the respondents respond physical hazards as a type of occupational health hazards as well. It is also found that 66% of the respondents had moderate knowledge regarding occupational health hazards,22% had inadequate knowledge and 12% had adequate knowledge. iiiConclusion: It is concluded that majority of the respondents were not suffered from occupational health hazards.Least of the respondents had adequate knowledge knowledge. Majority of the respondents respond exposure to physical, chemical, mechanical, biological and psychological agents as the meaning of occupational health hazards. Majority of the respondents answered lack of protective measure as a cause of occupational health hazard. Less than half of the respondents answered safe patient handling is the preventive measure of mechanical health hazards. Key Words: Knowledge, Occupational Health Hazards, Nurse.
Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Nosocomial Infection Among Nurses in a Government Hospital, Chitwan
(2014) Gurung, Grishma
Nosocomial infection is an infection developed in favour of hospital environment. It may develop in a hospitalized patient without having been present or incubating at the time of admission or it may be acquired in hospital but only appear after discharge. An infection is considered nosocomial if it becomes evident 48 hours or more after hospital admission or within 30 days of discharge following inpatient care. The mode of transmission and the most frequent types of nosocomial infections are associated with the respiratory tract, blood stream, surgical wounds and urinary tract. For the last 30 years, there has been great interest in understanding the causes and impact of hospital acquired infections. Many experimental studies and randomized trials have examined various methods to prevent nosocomial infections. Research Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional research design was used. Study was conducted in Bharatpur Government Hospital at Bharatpur, Chitwan. Total of 50 nurses working in the study area were selected as a sample using non- probability, purposive sampling method was used. Self administered structured questionnaire was developed for data collection Result: Results of the study shows that more than three-fourth of the respondents were age of 24-25 years. Most of the respondents respond for hand washing with antiseptic as the important factors of infection prevention. Likewise, most of them respond to know about the responsible organism for nosocomial infection. More than half of the respondents respond hospital acquired pneumonia is the type of most dangerous/deadly nosocomial infection. Cent percent of the respondents viewed on nosocomial infection can be prevented. Likewise, almost all viewed on hand washing can prevent nosocomial infection. Most of them respond incineration as the recommended wastage disposal for preventing infection
Problem Faced by Visitor of Hospitalized Patient in a Private Hospital, Kathmandu
(Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, 2014) Paudel, Januka
Title: “Problem Faced by the Visitor of Hospitalized Patient in a Private Hospital, Kathmandu”. Objective: To find out the Problem faced by the visitor of hospitalized patient. Background: Hospitalization is the very traumatic as well as a stressful condition. They have to adjust their life from a familiar to unfamiliar, independent to dependent environment. Their privacy, identity, individuality and their sense of security also threatened. The most pressing need of family members of patient in hospital until is to receive clear, understandable and honest information about the patient’ condition. Due to this problem patient parties may emotionally outburst and aggressive. It also effects on patients treatment and care indirectly. Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional research design was used with non- probability sampling technique. Total sample size was 50. Semi-structured interview schedule was used Result: Result of the study illustrate that, half of the respondents were age group of 20- 29 years. Regarding sex, majority (62%) of the respondents were female. Most of (80%) the respondents were literate. Similarly, half of the respondents were from rural area. More than half (52%) of the respondents were not using their personal vehicle. Data shows that, most of (80%) the respondent's source of food while staying in the hospital was canteen. Among them, who had problem in the canteen service, majority (64.3%) responded to be lack of sanitation. Likewise, half of the respondents responded lack of sanitation as the problem in toilet and bathroom. Regarding the problem in laboratory service, (38%) of the respondent responded delay in reporting. Likewise, majority (66%) of the respondent responded doctors’ offering limited time to patient. Data shows that (84%) of the respondents were satisfied with the behavior of nurse almost (92%) of the respondents were satisfied with the care of nurse. Conclusion: Majority of visitors were satisfied with the behavior and care of nurses. Two third of the respondents responded for providing limited time by the doctor. Most iiiof the respondents answered that visitor lacked sleeping/resting place. Half of the visitors faced the problem of poor sanitation in the canteen, toilet and bathroom. Majority of respondents replied that, bed sheet and pillow were not changed in time. Likewise, half of the respondents responded for expensive pharmacy services.

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