Health Education

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14540/63

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Existing Knowledge Assessment on Family Planning Methods of Road Sweeper's
(Faculty of Health Education, 2017) Thapa, Amrita
This study entitled "Existing Knowledge Assesment on Family Planning Methods of Road Sweeper's in Dharan Sub-Metropolitan City" was carried out to examine the knowledge of road sweepers of childbearing age. A descriptive research design has been applied to the data where 60 currently married road sweepers aged 15to 49 years were purposively sampled and interviewed mainly through structured questionnaire from different wards of the city. Almost all the respondents (88%) were illiterate from the lower caste group like Dum/Mote etc. that indicates their traditional occupational role as not involving in other income generating activities. The demographic characteristic of the respondents regarding family planning was not encouraging. Majority of the respondents had adopted early marriage. (Median age at marriage: 16.05 years; premature pregnancy, and median age at first birth 18.2 years). 94% had knowledge about any one modern family planning methods, but few of them (6%) were familiar about traditional mode of family planning methods. More than two-thirds respondents were found conducting inter-spousal discussion about RH (reproductive health) matters especially about family planning but few of their husbands had negative attitude about the use of contraceptives as they thought contraception was not their responsibility. The contraceptive prevalence rate of the respondents was found very high (74%), but comparatively male participation was about three times lesser (19%) than that of their female counterparts (55%) and among them, temporary device (condom) users were negligible (3%). Respondents who practiced contraceptives were found having low fertility and child loss experiences with small-sized family in contrast to that of who never used contraceptives, who had all the three aspects high. It showed negative relationship between contraceptive use, fertility and child loss experiences. Role of electronic media like television and radio for communicating family planning messages was found vital and almost all the respondents were found having easy access to the sources of contraception. (80% respondents were at the periphery of ≤ 30 minutes from the sources of contraception) mostly benefitted as being city dwellers. Although the government sector remains the major source of contraception, non-government sector is another remarkable source. Nearly Ten respondents have faced any form of side effect while using contraceptives and the major reason for discontinuity of the present methods as well as never use of contraceptives was the matter of side effects. By the end of this study, it is concluded that the currently married road sweepers (who adopted early marriage and premature pregnancy) in Dharan Sub-metropolitan city were found to be highly knowledge family planning methods and had high contraceptive prevalence rate despite their low literacy rate, self-dependency of the respondents of the respondents, in terms of the income, high accessibility to the family planning services and adequate exposure to the family planning messages through electronic media were found supporting factors for the high use of family planning methods to the respondents. It is requested to conduct similar type of studies in other urban areas with larger sample size and different methodology.
Knowledge & Practice of Breast Self Examination among Female Community Health Volunteers
(Faculty of Health Education, 2018) Adhikari, Junu
This study focuses on ‘’KNOWLEDGE AND PRATICE OF BREAST SELFEXAMINATION AMONG FEMALE COMMUNITY HEALTH VOLUNTEERSWORKING IN ITAHARI SUB METROPOLITIAN CITY’’. The main aim of thisstudy was to find out the existing knowledge and practice of FCHV on BSE. Thisstudy was quantitative and descriptive in nature.This study was based on both primary and secondary sources of data. Descriptiveresearch design was adopted for study. This study was conducted among 135 FCHV.The sampling procedure was purposive .Questionnaire and interview was necessary tocollect information.As breast cancer is the most common cancer of women in the United States andaffluent European countries .Low and middle resources countries have historicallyreported lower rates of breast cancer than high resource countries .However, over thepast twenty to thirty years, data support a trend of increasing incidence and mortalityfrom breast cancer in lower resource countries of the over million new cases of breastcancer that will be diagnosed worldwide in 2009 low and middle resource countrieswill be burdened with 45% of breast cancer cases and 55% of breast cancer relateddeath.As this revive highlights the knowledge and practice of BSE among FemaleCommunity Health Volunteers of Itahari Sub Metropolitan City. It is found that 100%of respondents were married and literate. All FCHV income was below Rs.10,000.Similarly 100% of respondents had menarche at the age of 10-15 years and allrespondents has children also 100% had no history of breast cancer. Likewise,26.64% uses contraceptivesdevices as for family planning purposes but 73.3%donotuse contraceptive devices.As reference to knowledge regarding Breast Self-examination but 5.2% understand amethod to detect abnormalities in the breast at early stage also 2.2% understand as amethod to cure breast cancer,3.7% of FCHV respond as early detection of breastcancer,59.3% gave reason as cure breast cancer. It is found that, 3.7% of FCHVrespond as early detection of breast cancer, 59.3% gave reason as cure of breastcancer,3.7% said as confirmatory diagnosis of breast cancer ,14.8% reasoned aspalliative care of breast cancer and 18.5% were unknown about understanding onBSE.Then after 3.7% respondent said to check breast monthly beside this 96.3% were unknown about it. Then100% of respondents were unknown about age ofstarting of BSE .Incase of anychanges/finding after BSE 3.7%of respondents waitfor 6months,9.6% ofrespondents consult the doctor,3.7% do not do anything unlessit is painful. All [100%] of respondents were unknown about age group prone tobreast cancer.Similarly.5.2% of respondents had CBE[Clinical Breast examination]but 94.8% had not examine their breast by health professional. Likewise, 7.4%respondents to examinebreast through inspection only,2.2%palpation only,5.2%inspection and palpation and 85.2% were unknown about it. It is found that 2.2%respondents as upper outer quadrant and 95.6% were unknown about the common siteof breast cancer.As considered to the BSE practice, among135 only 4.4% practice BSE.Reference toinspecting whileperforming BSE, 3.7% inspect the breast standing behind the mirrorwith her shoulder behind the mirror with her shoulder straight and her arms on hips.Likewise, 3.7% look at the breast and note any differences inchange in size, shape orsymmetry, dimpling, inverted nipple, redness, swelling and any discharge fromnipples 3.7% raise her arms and looks for the same symmetry but 96.3% do not raisetheir arms. Asconsidered to palpation 3.7% use left hand for right breast and righthand for left breast. Andalso, 2.2% palpate her breast using pads of middle finger but97.8% do not use three middle finger.
Knowledge and Practice of Contraceptive Device in Limbu Women
(Faculty of Health Education, 2018) Limbu, Dhaka maya
The study on "Knowledge and Practice of Contraceptive Device in Limbu Women" has been carried out using primary sources of data obtained from 110 households of the currently married women aged 15-49 years. This study was conducted at Sagurigadi Rural Municipality Dhankuta district in march 2018 The main objectives of the research study is to examine the social, economic, and demographic condition and knowledge of family planning methods of the currently married women, to evaluate current use of family planning methods an utilization of family planning services ,to identify the barriers to the utilization of family planning services on Hundred ten household were selected from sampling and researcher collected the data from interview and analyzed descriptively. At last, finding and conclusion has been drawn and research has recommended and suggested the points. This thesis is structured into five pasts. Fist part deals with the introduction of the title and its theoretical ground . Second part reviews the related literature of the relevant work. Third part deals with the methodology of the study .Fourth part deals with analysis and interpretation of data ,summary and findings, Fifty part deals with conclusions and recommendations. In this research, Most of the currently married women (71.9%) were literate whereas 28.1% percent were illiterate. Out of 110 respondents 48.9 percent have cash annual income range between Rs.40001-10000 whereas nearly 28 percent have above Rs. 10001 and 23.3 percent have below Rs. 4000.The majority of women have one son (37.8%) and two daughters (21.1%) but they desired on daughter and two sons (70% vs. 73.3).Out of 110 respondents, more than 43 percent had married at the age of 19-20 years, 30 percent above 20 years and 27 percent had married before the 18 years. Among the currently married women about 89 percent were familiar with at least one contraceptive method which was less than national level. Out of 110 currently married women 52.5 percent were ever users and 38.1 percent were current users for at least one contraceptives method. There was positive relationship between current use of family planning method and social-demographic factors like literate women, number of children ever born and number of living son. Among the 110 respondents, 10 women (11.1%) didn't have knowledge of family planning methods, 34.4 percent women didn't use FP devices for wanting children, 24.5 percent didn't use because of husband's opposition, 31 percent didn't use because of fear of side effects. The highest percent of FP methods user women were 47.6 percent who have one living son and the lowest was 5 percent who have 3 and above living sons. Similarly, 23.8 percent current user women faced different types of side effects of FP methods. In this way the barriers to the utilization of family planning services are concluded as lack of knowledge, wanting children, husband's opposition, fear of side effect, number of living sons and notice of side effects.
Knowledge and Practice of Contraceptive Device in Limbu Women
(Faculty of Health Education, 2018) Limbu, Dhaka Maya
The study on "Knowledge and Practice of Contraceptive Device in Limbu Women" has been carried out using primary sources of data obtained from 110 households of the currently married women aged 15-49 years. This study was conducted at Sagurigadi Rural Municipality Dhankuta district in march 2018 The main objectives of the research study is to examine the social, economic, and demographic condition and knowledge of family planning methods of the currently married women, to evaluate current use of family planning methods an utilization of family planning services ,to identify the barriers to the utilization of family planning services on Hundred ten household were selected from sampling and researcher collected the data from interview and analyzed descriptively. At last, finding and conclusion has been drawn and research has recommended and suggested the points. This thesis is structured into five pasts. Fist part deals with the introduction of the title and its theoretical ground . Second part reviews the related literature of the relevant work. Third part deals with the methodology of the study .Fourth part deals with analysis and interpretation of data ,summary and findings, Fifty part deals with conclusions and recommendations. In this research, Most of the currently married women (71.9%) were literate whereas 28.1% percent were illiterate. Out of 110 respondents 48.9 percent have cash annual income range between Rs.40001-10000 whereas nearly 28 percent have above Rs. 10001 and 23.3 percent have below Rs. 4000.The majority of women have one son (37.8%) and two daughters (21.1%) but they desired on daughter and two sons (70% vs. 73.3).Out of 110 respondents, more than 43 percent had married at the age of 19-20 years, 30 percent above 20 years and 27 percent had married before the 18 years. Among the currently married women about 89 percent were familiar with at least one contraceptive method which was less than national level. Out of 110 currently married women 52.5 percent were ever users and 38.1 percent were current users for at least one contraceptives method. There was positive relationship between current use of family planning method and social-demographic factors like literate women, number of children ever born and number of living son. Among the 110 respondents, 10 women (11.1%) didn't have knowledge of family planning methods, 34.4 percent women didn't use FP devices for wanting children, 24.5 percent didn't use because of husband's opposition, 31 percent didn't use because of fear of side effects. The highest percent of FP methods user women were 47.6 percent who have one living son and the lowest was 5 percent who have 3 and above living sons. Similarly, 23.8 percent current user women faced different types of side effects of FP methods. In this way the barriers to the utilization of family planning services are concluded as lack of knowledge, wanting children, husband's opposition, fear of side effect, number of living sons and notice of side effects.
Lifestyle of the Patients with Myocardial Infraction
(Faculty of Health Education, 2018) Basnet, Manisha
The present study entitled on"Life Style of the Patients With MyocardialInfraction"conducted on the cardiac ward of Nobel Hospital of Biratnagar Morang,was conducted to assess the lifestyle of the patients with CHD, to find out theassociation between life style and selected variables and to assess the knowledge andperception about causes, risk factors and preventive measures of CHD. This study wasbased on descriptive research design using quantitative data. The respondents forsurvey were selected by the help of purposive sampling method. Required data andinformation were collected through structured questionnaire and semi structuredinterview. According to the study 45.45% of the respondents were of 51-60 years 30.9% ofthe respondents were illiterate 5.45% of respondents were involved in labour, 58.18%were male, 47.27% of the respondents haven't done physical exercise, 56.36% hadfamily history of diabetes, 52.73% of the respondents had diabetes to them, 60% ofrespondents had family history of high blood pressure more than half 67.27% had highblood pressure to them and 52.73% had high cholesterol to them. Among all the respondents 49.09% of them had habit of drinking alcohol,69.09% of the were familiar about heart attack, 67.27% had family history of CVDS,more than half 58.18% had knowledge about the causes of heart attack, 61.82% wereunknown about the preventive measures of CVDS, not even a single respondents hadhealth insurance or discount coupons, and name of the respondents had kept medicinewith them for emergency. In conclusion, it can be said that due to poor economic condition many peoplecannot have access to the treatment of CVDS. The above fact shows that poor economiccondition, age, body weight, high blood sugar, high blood pressure, high cholesterol aredirectly related to the health of people. This study alsoshows that although respondents were familiar about heartattack and it's causes, they were unknown about its symptoms and preventive measures.Therefore, it can be said that by providing them health awareness education throughdifferent programme in bothlocal and national level, the alarming condition of CVDSmay get reduced.
Maternal and Child Health Care Practices among Women Gadhi Rural Municipality
(Faculty of Health Education, 2018) Rai, Sita
This is a field based study which is conducted to find out the maternal and child health care practice of lactating mothers of Gadhi Rural Municipality Ward No. 1, Madheli of Sunsari District. The main objectives of the study was to examine socio economic status and their effects in maternal and child health among women, to identify maternal care practice and to identify breast feeding and child care practice among women. The main significance of the study was helpful to the health workers, institution, rural women and lactating mothers to care their own health and their children. The findings of the study will encourage the health workers parents and family members to identify maternal and child health care problems and care their children and so on. This study was delimited (ward no. 1 madheli) within 120 lactating mothers from Gadhi Rural Municipality Ward No. 1, Madheli in Sunsari District. One hundred twenty lactating mothers were selected by simple random sampling methods and collected the data from interview and analyzed descriptively. This study based on descriptive research design using competitive data for the purpose of study both the primary and secondary data were used. The respondents for the survey were in the total 120 lactating mothers in Gadhi Rural Municipality. Whole information was based upon the 120 randomly sampled respondents interviewed through structured and semi structured interview schedule. Data were carefully checked and analyzed manually. Information was analyzed according to the state objectives and the nature of obtained data. At last, finding and conclusion has been drawn and the research has recommended and suggested the points. This thesis is structured into five parts. First parts deal with the introduction of the title and its theoretical ground. Second part reviews the relevant work. Third part deals with the methodology of the study. Fourth part deals with analysis and interpretation of data summary, findings fifth part deals with conclusion and recommendations.

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