Health Education

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Awareness and Practices of Tharu Women on Depo- Provera Injection in Katahri VDC, Morang
(Department of Health Education, 2011) Khatiwada, Kusum
This is a field base study which is conducted to find out the awareness and practices of Tharu women on Depo-Provera injection in Katahari VDC Morang Districts. 60 respondents (15-49 years) married Tharu women were selected. The main objective of this study is to analyze the level of awareness and practices of the Tharu women. However, the followings are the specific objectives of the study: to analyze the KAP of married Tharu women about Depo-Provera, to identify the problems related to the use of family planning methods, and to find out access of Depo-Provera to Tharu community of Katahari VDC. Interview schedule was formulated to collect the information of the respondent. Data were carefully checked and analyzed according to the objectives of the study. Nepal is a kaleidoscope of a number of communities. Here live many different different castes, races, and ethnic groups. They have special beliefs, identities and behaviors. Therefore, health related practices differ across communities. So far, there is no specific study on Tharus regarding family planning. Likewise GOs and NGOs are working in this field but there is no concrete evidence of effectiveness or achievement in practice of family planning in the context of Tharu women. Therefore, the problem is stated as "Awareness and Practices of Tharu women on Depo-Provera Injection in Katahari VDC of Morang District". Males are more educated in comparison to their female counterparts. Compared to 27.27 percent of male population have received primary and 29.09 percent secondary level of education- only 12.28 percent and 14.04 percent women have received primary and secondary education respectively. Similarly, Compared to male illiteracy of 21.82 percentage; 63.16 percent women had not received any formal education. And 18.18 percent of male have received higher level of education but only 3.51 percent of women have received higher level of education. This indicates a gender bias in educational status. More respondents (68.33) percent of total have got married between 13-18 years. Among them 13.33 percent, 11.67 percent and 3.33 percent have got married between the age of 19-21 years, 10-12 years and 22-24 years respectively. 46.67 percent of husbands of the respondents were married between the ages of 16-18 years, followed by 19-21 years 21.67 percent, 13-15 years 16.67 percent and 10-12 years and 22-24 years 8.33 percent and 6.67 percent respectively which is low as the average age at marriage for male is 23.6 years and 20.3 years for female. In this study, most of the respondents were informed about the devices through health workers because reaching health facility in the Tarai is easy due to favorable geographic condition. It may be attributed to the low literacy rate; very few percent of the respondents were well-versed through their spouses. Among the respondents 66.67 percent are found practicing injection Depo-Provera to delay pregnancy and 33.33 percent never practiced this contraceptive. Of all the respondents who were using injection Depo-Provera have the willingness to continue it, and 25 percent of the respondents who were not using, reported that they intend to use this device in upcoming days. On the other hand, 75 percent of the non–user respondents said that they would not use any of the contraceptive methods in future. The public sector is the predominant source of the Depo-Provera. Majority of the respondents (87.5 percent) named health post as the main source of Depo-Provera supply where as 12.5 percent named Private clinics as the source. It also indicates that nobody named NGOS/INGOS as their source of the devices. Among users nobody had the side effect of Depo-Provera, they said. Respondents don’t know how the injection works to delay pregnancy. Respondents don’t know about the hormone's name that is in the Depo-Provera. All 66.67 percent respondents, who were used Depo-Provera knew if they used Depo-Provera, they would be free from the unwanted pregnancy.
A domestic violence against women and its impact on health in Chamar community
(Department of Health Education, 2018) Niroula, Bibika
This thesis entitled " A domestic violence against women and its impact on health in Chamar community" is under the syllabus of M.Ed 2nd year. T.U. Education faculty. It was prepared for the fulfillment of our curriculum 598 marks. This study find out that, the domestic violence upon the women, physical, mental and sexual problem upon them from violence. Then, It was the purpose to find out the women's problem by the descriptive pattern. The women who were selected the sunsari district, Inaruwa Municipality and ward no. -6, who were 145 women for the purposive sampling. For the analysis of this statistic, I did tabulation, Pie-Chart and bar-chart Because of the domestic violence most of the people has lost their physical, mental, all round development. In this way they spent their life in troublesome. At that time, they need proper care, useful skill in life. In this study, the women who are under violence they are not respected. In place of respect, they are suffering from pain in their life. This study tries to show that, the women who are under violence, their condition, problem, result, cause of violence etc . There are 61.38 percent women are under violence in which place I studied. Most of the voilences are beating, dominant, discrimination, traditional social evil and Alcoholism etc They are balmed by their family in different things. Like, eating, visiting , talkative , witch, thiefer etc . They are feeling economic crisis who are unemployed for their Children's care and education. Because of the domestic violence 84.82 percent women are going to become the vitim of different disease. Among them, they have 36.14 percent UTI. They are becaming feeling weakness day by day. Like mental problem, tension, eye problem. Among all violent women 63.45 percent women falls under family violence and 74.48% women had increased their negative thinking. The women who are dominated they feel hopeless because they are illiterate, unemployed, poverty and suffering family violence etc. Due to the family violence 73.01 percent children are suffering different problems. Like, physical , mental, educational etc. They used to go government hospital when they became sick due to the lack of money. There are 40.69 percent women are found in hospital. Because of the violence the women's daily life is becoming too problematic. By the change of time, along with the modern time, people want to live in single family. In comparisons of single family, the women who live in big family, they feel problem with their family members. they are dominated by their family in different things. Because of these family violence, the women lost their hope, mental balance, they feel terror, they broke down the parts of the body, they leave their house they did murder etc. These above mention are the fact event which are happening in our society as well as whole country.
Knowledge and practice of family planning devices in Chaudhary community
(Department of Health Education, 2018) Subedi, Shanta
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Knowledge and practice of school health programmed in community and institutional schools
(Department of Health Education, 2018) Chaudhary, Arun Kumar
This is field-based study to assess the knowledge and practice of HPE teachers, Headmaster and parents using various method and media in primary school of Biratnagar Metro Politian city. This study is mainly based on primary data with their view by questionnaire. The main objective of the study is to find out the existing knowledge, practice of school health programme of primary school teacher in Biratnagar Metro Politian city. It is most important factor to develop quality education. Due to this education, students can advocate in the support of HPE Education, students can advocate in the support of HPE Education. This study also aimed to compare the knowledge in community school and institutional school of primary school teacher, head-teacher and parents of the students. The study's nature was descriptive and statistical analysis in type, which was conducted in the primary school of Biratnagar Metro Politian city for selecting purposive sampling method. All the headmaster. HPE teacher and parents of institutional and community school having 1-5 grade programme. For the study, 20 percent school were selected as sample from both school and were surveyed by the researcher himself. In this study, required information was collected from 12 school in60community schools and 12 schools out of 60 in institutional schools. The questionnaire schedule was used as chief tool for data collection. Simple statistical techniques were used for data analysis and interpretation. On the basis of analysis and interpretation of collected data the researcher found that 67.33 percent of the respondents were having sex status with female. The respondent teachers were teaching H PE without HPE background. Similarly, regarding knowledge on SHP and respondent were familiar in the area of school health programme. The community and institutional both school's respondents were paid attention on accident and they referred injured student to home. Seventy three percent respondents of community school and 26.67 percent respondents of institutional school had knowledge on objectives of health instruction. The community and institutional both school were participate of school in community and organized parents teacher association in found good.
Knowledge of hypertension among public school teachers of Itahari
(Department of Health Education, 2018) Jha, Mukesh Kumar
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Nutrition Status of Primary Level Students
(Department of Health Education, 2019) Rai, Ramesh
"Nutrition Status of Primary Level Students" is completely field based study which helps to analyze Nutrition condition of Primary Level students of different five schools located in village area of Baraha Chhetra Municipality, Sunsari. The objectives of the study are to identify the Nutrition Status of Primary Level students of study area, to find out the level of knowledge about Nutrition in the study area population, to find out the condition of malnutrition diseases in Primary Level students of study area, to provide the knowledge of importance of nutrition in their bodies, right sources of nutrition and nutrients along with micro-nutrients which are necessary for Primary Level students of study area. This study had been carried out from of sample of 125 primary level students means that students from class 1 to class 5 only with the help of school administration. This study had been done with the help of primary data which are directly collected from my presence and observation. The sample data or students had been selected according to simple random sampling method. The data collected from the study area had been concisely analyzed and interpreted with the help of table, line graph, column graph, pie-chart diagram so that it can be self presented. In terms of study population, the sex ratio of population is accounted 86.56. 76% of study population has been found Hindu where as Christian population 20%, Buddhist population 2.4% and Muslim population 1.6%. In the case to ethnicity composition, 21.6% study population is Brahmin, Chhetri 16.8%, Bishkarma 8.8%, Majhi 7.2%, Rai 6.4% and lowest percentage of study population is Khan 0.8%. About the educational attainment of parents of study population, the highest percentage of educational attainment is SLC 23.2%, Intermediate (+2) 13.6%, Bachelor 7.2%, Lower Secondary Level 20.8%, Primary Level 16.8%. Literate 11.2% and Illiterate population is 7.2%. It had been found that the family structure of study area was 86.4% living in joint family where as 13.6% living in nuclear family. In the matter of occupation followed by the parents of study area children was Agriculture by 43.2%, Business by 10.4%, and Service by 10.4%. During the research conducted in the primary students of study area in the comparative of preference of the dish or food by them, it had been noticed that the primary students of the study area were preferring to use or have Junk food or Packed food was 76.8% where as only the 23.2% of primary students of study were preferring to have or use Home-made food. It clearly shows that impartment of knowledge of Importance and positive of impact of Home-made food and Negative impact of Junk or Packed food on their healthy is very necessary in the study area. In the same way, 100% students of study area have already vaccinated or immunized. It is also found during observation that 80% students of primary level are in Normal Nutrition, 16% study population are in Mild mal nutrition and 4% study population are found moderate mal nutrition. The administration and teachers of three schools had been found concerned about important of nutrition and they are conducting nutrition awareness program in school some time. But two schools of study area are not much concerned about nutrition program in their schools. However 86.4% study population had their lunch for tiffin 13.6% study population had not brought lunch for tiffin which shows that parents of them are not much concerned about their children nutrition. It shows that Nutrition knowledge to the parents and students of the study area is very necessary.
Personal hygiene of Mushar community
(Department of Health Education, 2018) Pyakurel, Rachana
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Prevalence of tuberculosis with reference to female of Biratnagar sub metropolitan city, Morang Nepal
(Department of Health Education, 2011) Bajgai, Shebak
Tuberculosis kills more than one million women per year, and it is estimated that 646 million women and girls are already infected with tuberculosis globally. This study is related to the prevalence of tuberculosis of female in Biratnagar sub-metropolitan city. Among the respondents 89% of female TB cases were found married and the percentage of the unmarried respondents was only 11%. Among all the respondents 89% patients might have transmitted the disease to their spouses and children and 11% of the patients have transmitted to their family members. Seventy percent of female TB cases were literate and 3% were SLC passed though 19% of female TB cases were illiterate. Being dependent on husbands and in-laws, women feared refusal by husbands, other family members and society by contrast, economic burden was the main concern of men throughout the health care-seeking process and treatment period. There are only 7% of the respondents had enough income by their own to maintain the food for more that six month in a year apart from that they had to manage their hand to mouth problem by doing daily ways labour work around. Majority of TB cases 25% were from Janjati groups of people. The second most majority of TB cases 24% were from the Brahmin / Chhetri and third most major group of cases 22% were from other castes like Muslim, Sah, Koiri etc. Similarly, Dalit covers 19% of total attendance of the patients. The minor representation was from the Newar group of the people who attended only 10% of total cases. The majority of the TB cases registered for treatment are under the age group of 15 to 54.Among all respondents majority 65% of the female TB cases replied the cause to TB is due to germs but there are 20.83% of respondents who do not know the actual cause of disease. However, 6.94% of respondents replied that the cause of TB is due to food and few numbers i.e. 4.17% of respondents replied that they got the disease due to curse of god and 2.78% of respondents said that they have got the disease as a result of previous life. By analysing this data it is seen that 35% of the respondents have no any awareness about the cause of tuberculosis.48.61% of the total respondents replied that TB is transmitted from TB patient to the healthy person and 30.56% of the respondents replied that TB is transmitted through the air. This shows that the awareness level of the people on TB is good because 79% has got right knowledge of TB transmission Among the total respondents 58.33% of the TB suspects seek the treatment at the health institutions where the TB diagnosis and treatment service is available at free of cost. This is one of the positive sign of awareness for the TB control and prevention. However 15.28% respondents seek the treatment from the local healers and 5.56% of the respondents seek treatment from the unqualified local medical practitioners. Majority of the TB suspects were helped by their families for the TB diagnosis and treatment. In response to the helping behaviour from family regarding decision making for TB treatment and care, 48.61% of the decisions were made by the family members among all respondents. The study shows that 30.56% of the decision for the diagnosis and treatment were made by the patient which was the good sing of empowerment of the female TB patients. Some of the TB suspects were depended on neighbour (11.11%) and society members (9.72%) who helped them to make decision for treatment and care. Majority of the TB cases were behaved fairly by the health workers for diagnosis and treatment, however, some of the cases were not satisfied with the behaviour of the health workers
A study on domestic child labour and its impact on health
(Department of Health Education, 2018) Rai, Aasha
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