Thesis & Dissertations

Permanent URI for this community

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14540/12

Browse

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5

Armed police force, nepal relation with border population to strengthen border security in koshi province
(2025) Niraula, Raj Mohan; Bhim Raj Suwal.
Available in full text The Armed Police Force (APF) Nepal plays a crucial role in ensuring border security and maintaining stability in eastern Nepal. The open border with India and the complex geographical and socio-cultural dynamics of the region, APF, Nepal has adopted various community engagement strategies to strengthen relations with border populations. This study explores how APF, Nepal‘s initiatives have contributed to enhancing border security through collaboration with local residents. It examines the effectiveness of community-based programs, the challenges faced in implementation, and potential solutions to improve engagement efforts. The research adopts a qualitative approach, relying on interviews, field observations, and secondary data to assess the opportunities and challenges in adopting collaboration between security forces and local residents. The findings reveal that APF, Nepal has conducted multiple relationship-building activities, including health camps, skill development training, disaster response programs, and awareness campaigns. These efforts have fostered trust between security personnel and local communities, leading to better cooperation in intelligence-sharing and crime prevention. The study highlights that through local collaboration, APF, Nepal has successfully intercepted several cases of smuggling, illegal trade, and human trafficking, showcasing the effectiveness of community participation in border security. Residents have become more proactive in reporting suspicious activities, reducing cross-border crimes and strengthening security operations. Despite these successes, challenges remain. Limited financial resources, logistical constraints, and the need for more culturally sensitive approaches hinder APF, Nepal‘s ability to expand its outreach. Some communities still view security forces with distrust, requiring sustained efforts to build long-term relationships. The study suggests improving coordination between APF Nepal and local government bodies, increasing training programs for APF personnel on community policing, and implementing technology-driven border monitoring solutions. The study underscores the need for a more integrated and community-centered approach to border security in Nepal. A key recommendation is the enhancement of intelligence-sharing mechanisms by fostering a participatory model where local communities feel valued and actively contribute to security efforts. Policy interventions that prioritize mutual trust, human security, and economic development in border regions could significantly improve the effectiveness of border security strategies. By bridging the existing gaps between security forces and local communities, this research offers valuable insights into security governance and highlights vii the importance of a multi-stakeholder approach in border management. The findings contribute to the broader discourse on national security and community engagement while offering practical recommendations for policymakers, security agencies, and local leaders who aim to create a more resilient and well-coordinated border security system in Nepal.
Border issues and security challenges of madhesh province
(APF Command and Staff College, Sanogaucharan, Kathmandu, 2025-04) Jora, Tej Bahadur; Tikaram Gautam
Madhesh Province, Nepal, shares an open border with India, presenting unique geopolitical, economic, socio cultural and security challenges. The porous nature of this border has contributed to issues such as encroachment, cross-border occupations, and economic dependency. While the open border facilitates cultural exchange and trade, it also encourages transnational crimes and security threats. This study aims to analyse the border issues and security challenges faced by Madhesh Province, focusing on geopolitical tensions, economic vulnerabilities, socio cultural interaction and security threats. It also explores possible mitigation strategies to ensure stability and cooperation between Nepal and India. The study employs a qualitative research design, incorporating primary data collected through key informant interviews (KII), focus group discussions (FGD) and personal interviews. Secondary data analysis were also conducted to identify patterns in border encroachment, economic dependencies, and security risks. Findings indicate that geopolitical issues include border encroachment, cross-border occupations and political influences from Indian counterparts. Economic challenges restrict from revenue leakage, smuggling, and informal trade, impacting formal business operations. Security concerns include transnational crimes such as drug trafficking, human trafficking, and arms smuggling, exacerbated by political interference. Socio-cultural complexities such as cross-border marriages and legal inconsistencies in citizenship and property rights further complicate governance. Addressing these border issues requires a multi-spectrum approach, including diplomatic negotiations, enhanced border security measures, economic policy reforms and legal interventions. Improving intelligence-based security, infrastructure development, and international cooperation can help mitigate tensions and ensure sustainable peace and security along the Nepal-India border in Madhesh Province.
Challenges and opportunities of border security at mustang district
(APF Command and Staff College, Sanogaucharan, Kathmandu, 2025-04) Upreti, Yukesh; Gaurav Bhattarai
Border security is a fundamental aspect of national security, sovereignty and independence. Border security particularly in high altitude geographically challenging regions like Mustang district of Nepal is crucial for cross-border governance. This study explores the challenges and opportunities in securing the Nepal-China border, focusing on four key dimensions: physical security, trans-border crime, revenue support and civic action. By adopting a pragmatic world view, this research uses an exploratory sequential mixed model method design in gaining the insights to meet the objective of research from multiple perspective. Both primary and secondary data are extracted for this paper. In terms of qualitative analysis, primary data are taken from Key Informant by using purposive sampling technique and for FGD homogenous sampling are engaged. For quantitative analysis, field survey was conducted using purposive stratified sampling technique form 68 government official from Mustang district. Findings from qualitative analysis reveal 37 thematic area of challenges, opportunities and strategy under physical security, trans-border crime, revenue support and civil actions for Mustang border security. Mustang’s high-altitude terrain, extreme weather and limited infrastructure create significant barriers to effective border management. Security forces face logistical difficulties in patrolling and monitoring due to the lack of road networks, harsh climatic conditions, and inadequate technological resources. The high-altitude border, coupled with limited security deployment, contributes to risks such as smuggling, illegal trade, and undocumented cross-border movements. Despite these challenges, the study identifies substantial opportunities, including cross-border trade expansion, infrastructure development, and the use of advanced surveillance technologies such as drones and biometric identification systems. Increased security coordination between Nepalese and Chinese authorities, alongside community participation in border governance, is essential for enhancing security operations. From quantitative analysis, the regression coefficient under border security challenges shows climatic factor has maximum impact with (β) value of 0.494 as a highest factor whereas geographical barrier with (β) value of 0.119 as a lowest factor. In opportunities, local support have a highest (β) value of 0.487 and International collaboration have lowest (β) value of 0.034. Similarly, in strategy use of technology have highest (β) value of 0.487 and BADP have lowest (β) value of 0.086. The study recommends strengthening border security through the establishment of additional outposts, the deployment of modern surveillance systems, and an vi improved intelligence-sharing mechanism. Moreover, policy-level cooperation between Nepal and China is necessary to regulate trade, address security concerns, and facilitate controlled border movement. Mustang’s border holds economic potential if security frameworks are reinforced to mitigate illicit activities while promoting lawful commerce and tourism. By providing a contextualized analysis of Mustang’s border security landscape, this research contributes to policy discussions on high-altitude border governance, offering strategic insights for strengthening Nepal’s northern border security.
Identity politics and internal security: A study in eastern nepal
(APF Command and Staff College, 2025) Thapa, Ram Chandra; Gautam, Tika Ram
World has been facing the threats, challenges and problem of exploring the identity of individual or group, and community. Many developed countries have been also managing such challenges and hurdles. Even from the perspective of individual, group and community, this is the right and inherent necessity to survive and sustain in this world. Identity is based on a particular identity such as ethnicity , race , nationality, religion, denomination, gender, sexual orientation, social background, caste and social class. Identity politics is closely connected to the ascription that some social groups are oppressed such as women, ethnic minorities, and sexual minorities that the idea that individuals belonging to those groups are, by virtue of their identity, more vulnerable to forms of oppression such as cultural imperialism, violence, exploitation of labor. This study has employed explanatory sequential qualitative approach. For qualitative data, Key informant information method has adopted. especially, senior leaders of Limbuwan khumbuwan ,Security chiefs of Koshi Province of all security agencies ,Chief Minister of Koshi province, Internal affairs and law minister of Koshi province ,local leader of political parties are the key informant information .The way of interview was open ended questions ,views, ideas and thought of higher respected personalities. Open-ended questions and interviews were employed to further understand the historical background; social, cultural, geographical linguistic perspectives of indigenous society of Koshi province. Security chiefs have expressed the recent security condition and preparedness for future probable circumstance of security concern. Qualitative data have been triangulated by qualitative figure in the study. The issues that this study discussed as historical mirrors ,chronological struggles, recent program and future’s policy, strategy and path to reach in destination. Through this activities, probable threats, challenges and security hurdles. This study has been expected to be useful for understanding the movements and struggle of identity based political groups in eastern Nepal. Indigenous groups have been demanding the autonomous right as the constitution of 2072. The official of koshi province has focused on conversation and peaceful means of getting final decision as well as they have suggested to indigenous group to come through the political means.
Strengthening deployment of APF Nepal along Chine -Nepal border: prospect & challenges that you have to
(APF Command and Staff College, 2025) K.C.,Sushil; Bhattara,Gaurab
Border security is a central aspect of national sovereignty, particularly for Nepal, since it shares a 1,414 km border with China. The research examined the opportunities and challenges of increasing deployment of the Nepal Armed Police Force (APF), Nepal along the Nepal-China border. The research employed qualitative research methods such as key informant interviews, interview, and field observations in Rasuwa District and other northern border regions. Findings indicated that logistical problems, bad infrastructure, and a lack of personnel pose significant barriers to border security. While the APF, Nepal, has established 10 BOPs along the northern border, it is hindered by long distances from the border, rented buildings, and a lack of surveillance equipment. The study also identifies the imbalance of security personnel with a more prominent presence of China in most areas. A language barrier, with a lack of Chinese or Tibetan speaking APF, Nepal personnel, also complicates operations. The research also analyses border treaties, security coordination, and rising issues of illegal operations such as smuggling and unauthorized cross-border travel. While there do exist joint patrols and coordination talks with the Chinese government, they remain irregular. The research suggested the deployment of additional APF, Nepal infrastructure upgrading, the implementation of language training schemes, and the strengthening of Nepal-China diplomatic interactions to increase security. A successful multi-dimensional responded that encompasses capacity building, infrastructure development, and cross-border coordination is needed to achieve border security. The study provided policy lessons to deploy more APF, Nepal personnel to preserve national sovereignty and regional stability.

Browse

Browsing Thesis & Dissertations by TU Affiliated Institute "APF Command and Staff College"

Results Per Page

Sort Options