Browsing by Author "Acharya, Laxmi"
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Item Effectiveness of Brainstorming in Developing Free Writing at Secondary Level(Central Department of Education English, 2017) Acharya, LaxmiThe present study entitled Effectiveness of Brainstorming in Developing Free Writing at Secondary Level is an endeavor to identify the effectiveness of brainstorming in developing free writing skill and suggest some pedagogical implications based on the findings of the research study. To achieve the objectives, the researcher conducted experimental research on 30 students of grade nine studying at Birendra Secondary School who were divided into control and experimental groups. She used the purposive non- random sampling procedure to select the Birendra Secondary School and the participants were assigned into two groups randomly. After dividing the participants into two groups, she administered the pre-test prior to intervention in order to find out the existing proficiency level of learner in free writing. Subsequently, the experimentation was conducted approximately for a month. During experimentation period, the experimental group was taught through the use of brainstorming techniques and control group was taught through the conventional methods of teaching writing. Afterwards, post test was administered to both groups simultaneously in order to find out the effect of intervention. Then the data collected from pre-test and post-test were analyzed by using simple statistical tools like mean and percentage and interpreted descriptively. The difference was detected from the comparison of the mean scores of two tests in both groups. The findings of the study shows that there was significant difference between the mean score of pre-test and post-test in experimental group. However, the mean difference between pre-test and post-test was not significant in the control group. It indicates that the use of brainstorming techniques is very effective in developing free writing skill of grade nine learners rather than conventional methods of teaching writing. This thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is introductory part which consists of background of study, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research questions, hypotheses of the study, significance of the study delimitations of the study and operational definition of the key terms. The second chapter deals with the review of related theoretical literature and conceptual framework which comprises review of related theoretical literature, review of empirical literature, implications of the literature review for the research study and conceptual framework. Likewise, third chapter deals with methods and procedures of study which incorporates design of the study, population, sample and sampling strategy, sampling procedures, research tools, sources of data, data collection procedures, data analysis procedures and ethical considerations. In the same way, analysis and interpretation of data is included in fourth chapter. In the fifth chapter, findings, conclusion and recommendations are presented. Finally, references and appendices are also incorporated at the end of this work.Item Microflora on Black Gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] Seeds from Different Storage Condition(Department of Botany, 2018) Acharya, Laxmilack gram is a most important summer pulse, which has a great market demand with a good potentiality for trade and export in Nepal. The production of black gram has ceased at higher rate by many fungi, as fungi infest in seeds. In this research, contact and systemic fungicides were applied in different concentrations to prevent its post-harvest lose. Seeds of black gram from two different storage sources were tested for seed-borne fungi. PDA, Blotter and Sand methods were used to isolate seed-borne fungi, in which PDA method was found to be the best. Seeds from traditional storage were found to be more infested with seed-borne fungi in comparison to seeds from the market. Among 25 isolated fungi species, four dominant species such as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata and Fusarium sp were taken for treatment with chemical fungicides. Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger were best controlled by Carbendazim, and Fusarium sp. and Alternaria alternate were best controlled by Mancozeb. Carbendazim was found to be most effective at the concentration of 1600 ppm. These chemicals have shown good inhibitory action against fungi. In addition to this, seeds were treated with plant extracts of Azadirachta indica and Ageratum haustonianum to reduce the presence and frequency of pathogens. Such seed treatment showed effective control over different selected seed-borne fungi. Plant extracts, which are residue free products and pose lower risk to pollution, were found to be good for reducing the pathogens. Keywords: Synthetic, Fungicide, Frequency, PathogenItem User-participation and Benefit-sharing in Community Forestry Around Sunpur in Dang District, Nepal(Department of Rural Development, 2006) Acharya, LaxmiNepal is very rich in terms of forest resources and biodiversity. A broad range of ecosystems flourishes in relatively small area of land in Nepal. The forest resources have made a significant contribution to economic and social development of the country. Besides, forests are indispensable as a life support system for women and men in the Inner Terai, Hills, and Mountains, where agriculture, livestock and vegetation influence the ecology of the area and the lives of the local population in Nepal. The general objective of the study was to identify and analyze the User-participation and Benefit-sharing in Community Forestry around Sunpur in Dang, Nepal. The study area is located in the mid-western development region of Nepal. Field survey and review methods were used to collect the data. The household heads were selected through a two-stage sampling method. A Range Post (RP) was selected purposively having at least ten numbers of community forests handed over before 2054 B.S. From the list of households for the selected RP, household heads were then selected randomly. The study has used both primary and secondary data. FUG members were the source of primary data. FUGs’ approved OPs, minutes of the meeting, and progress reports were also used as sources of data. Information related to the FUGs gathered from DFO’s official records, DDC, VDCs, published reports, maps and statistics served as sources of secondary data. Information related to the FUGs gathered from DFO's official records, DDC, VDCs, published reports, maps and statistics served as sources of secondary data. Descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentage, averages, and ranges are used to describe the findings of the study. The computer based Excel program is used to analyze the data. Based on the results of the study, conclusions have been drawn and sets of recommendations for planning and further research have been presented. The conclusion of the study is that CF could not include the wider mass in forming stage and preparation of the OP plan. The participation is good in implementation of rules and regulation for the protection of CF; participation in meeting and decision-making process, but this is only for fulfilling the requirement but not for the development of CF. Poor could not take the advantages from the CF due to the elite biased activities of the CF and CFUC. The fund of the CF is also not mobilized for the welfare of the poor and income generating activities, which is extremely demanded by the users.