Browsing by Author "KHANAL, BIPIN"

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    AGRO-TECH
    (I.O.E. Pulchowk Campus, 2023-05) PANTHI, AKASH; ARYAL, AMRIT; KOIRALA, BIGYAN; KHANAL, BIPIN
    The mid-term report for our project titled ”Agro-Tech” provides an update on our progress and outlines the remaining tasks. Our platform aims to connect retailers and farmers for the efficient buying and selling of vegetables, with a focus on reducing post-harvest loss and ensuring food safety and freshness.We have made significant strides in developing the platform, including creating a user-friendly interface for retailers and farmers, and establishing partnerships with local farmers. We have also conducted market research and identified key areas for improvement, such as increasing the variety of vegetables available and expanding our reach to more retailers and farmers.Moving forward, we plan to focus on increasing the number of farmers on our platform and improving the logistical system for transporting vegetables from the farm to the retailer. We will also continue to prioritize food safety and freshness through the use of cooling infrastructure and adherence to global logistical standards. Overall, we are confident that our project has the potential to make a positive impact on the agro-based industry in Nepal, contributing to the overall development of the economy, reducing poverty and unemployment, and promoting equality
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    final bipin khanal.docxANTIOXIDANT, ANTIBACTERIAL AND HR-LCMS ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY METABOLITES PRES
    (Department of Chemistry, Birendra Multiple Campus, 2025-02-06) KHANAL, BIPIN; Co Supervisor Ganga Raj Pokharel, Ph.D., (Associate Prof.); Bodh Babu Bhattarai, Ph.D.
    Antioxidant, antibacterial properties and secondary metabolites present in Psidium guajava L. (Guava) fresh leaves are still to explore fully. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical constituents present in fresh Psidium guajava L. (Guava) leaves to validate their medicinal potential. The samples were collected (GPS point 27˚68'33" N 84˚43'33" E) from Bharatpur Metropolitan City-11, Chitwan, Nepal. Spectrophotometric methods were used to determine the phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents as well as the phosphomolybdenum and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assays. The Folin- Ciocalteu method was used to quantify the phenolic content, aluminium chloride colorimetric method was used to measure the flavonoid content and Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to calculate the tannin content. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and the phosphomolybdenum assay. Antibacterial activity was determined using the agar diffusion method and extract was characterised using HR-LCMS. The qualitative analysis revealed the presence of terpenoids, glycosides, polyphenols, alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins. However, for quantitative evaluation maceration showed higher concentrations of total phenolic content (316.1±7.4 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g), total flavonoid content (257.9±4.4 mg/g quercetin equivalent (QE)), phosphomolybdenum assay (125.0±2.1mg ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/g), and DPPH free radical scavenging capacity (IC50=6.08 μg/mL). Soxhlet extract showed highest tannin content consisting of 563.6±4.5μg/mL. The antimicrobial assay showed good activity against five bacterial strains. A total of 144 different metabolites were observed in HRLCMS out of which 104 were known compounds and other 40 compounds were unidentified compounds. Among them four compounds were reported for the first time in Psidium guajava L. (Guava) fresh leaves. Among the extraction methods used, maceration was the most effective for phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant contents whereas sonication was the least effective. Furthermore, the secondary metabolites observed in HR-LCMS analyses possess significant impact on the antioxidant, phenolic, flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin, and antimicrobial properties. These results offer scientific support for the traditional use of fresh Psidium guajava L. leaves for medicinal purposes. Keywords: Alkaloid, Flavonoid, Phytochemicals, Phenolic, Tannin.