Education

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Browsing Education by TU Institute "Graduate School of Education"

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    Effect of water, sanitation and hygiene facilities on health, regularity in attendance and educational achievement among basic school students
    (Faculty of Education, Healh Educaion, 2023) Sharma, Mohan Kumar
    This research assesses the effect of the availability of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) facilities in schools on health, regularity in attendance, and educational achievement among basic school students in Nepal. The overarching objective of this research is to assess whether combining WASH facilities in schools affects the health, school attendance, and educational achievements of students. It applies a pragmatic paradigm, 'QUAN+qual' mixed methods, and a causal- comparative research design. The research was carried out among 800 respondents, split between 400 in the improved group and 400 in the unimproved group. Among them, 768 respondents participated in the quantitative and 32 in the qualitative study. Overall, school WASH facilities, including attitude, subjective-norms, self-efficacy, and intention, were found to have a statistically significant on students' health, school attendance, and educational achievements (p<0.001). Students with improved school WASH facilities are less likely to have sick (cOR=0.388; 95% CI; 0.290-0.519, p<0.001), more likely to attend school (cOR=2.802; 95% CI; 2.033-3.862, p<0.001), and more likely to achieve higher educational achievements (cOR=2.769; 95% CI; 2.062-3.720, p<0.001) than those without access to improved school WASH facilities. Furthermore, students who have good health status are more likely to be regular (cOR=3.160, 95%, CI; 2.585-5.042, p<0.001), and regular students are more likely to get higher educational achievements (cOR=0.641, 95% CI; 0.472-0.872, p<0.01) compared to students with poor health and irregular, respectively. Although school WASH facilities have a statistically significant and predictors on students' health, attendance, and educational achievements, methods of managing these facilities are just as important as their availability.
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    Inclusive mathematics classroom practices: An interpretive inquiry
    (Department of Mathematics Education, 2023) Bista, Muna
    The main concern of my study was on Inclusive Mathematics Classroom Practices: An Interpretive Inquiry’. The objectives were to explore the experiences of teachers and students in the practice of inclusive mathematics education, explore the challenges faced by them, and investigate the coping strategies to address the challenges faced by mathematics teachers and students in inclusive practices. The study employed a qualitative ethnographic research approach. I used the interpretive inquiry of ethnographic design. I used a purposive sampling technique and conducted an in-depth interview with four mathematics teachers, including two head teachers. Observation was carried out in the mathematics teachers‘ classes, and a focus group was formed with ten students from different ethnic backgrounds. I used data analysis procedures by Braun & Clarke (2006). At first I comprehended the data and generated initial codes. Then I extended and reviewed it with a side-by-side definition and development of the theme. At last I finalised the report on those themes. It was concluded that mathematics teachers are practising teacher-centred teaching methods with less collaborative teaching-learning activities. Moreover, from the administrative side, they employ poor or insufficient motivation and support for inclusive practices in mathematics classrooms. Similarly, there are other challenges like discrimination among students, time allocation for course completion, insufficient teacher training, teachers with minimum and lower-level academic degrees, irregularity of students in class, migration, and dropout. However, alternative strategic adaptations like student-centred teaching methods, students‘ motivation, appropriate teaching materials, a logical teacher-student ratio, trained teachers, necessary physical facilities, and supports have vi been practised to overcome challenges faced by teachers and students in an inclusive mathematics classroom.
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    Practices of ICTs in Mathematics classroom: opportunities and challenges
    (Department of Mahematics Education, 2023) Sah, Ranadhir Kumar
    My research was entitled "Practices of ICTs in mathematics classroom: Opportunities and Challenges." My research objectives were to explore the practices, opportunities, challenges, and way forward of ICT integration in mathematics classrooms. My research was qualitative with an ethnographic approach. Three schools having facilities of ICTs were my research site. My research samples were six mathematics teachers, six students, two head teachers, and two ICT experts whereas sampling was purposive. My data collection methods were in-depth interviews, participant observation, and focus group discussions. Teachers and students are practicing ICTs by engaging, demonstrating, gaming, and using applications. Motivation to learn, availability of learning materials, student and teachers interaction, opportunities for self-learning, and the chance of teaching- learning and earning are the opportunities whereas insufficient infrastructures, lack of internet network, lack of willingness of admin, teachers insufficient knowledge, lack of teacher‟s training, lack of time, insufficient budget, lack of skillful manpower, digital divide, misuse of technologies, and high cost of ICTs' tools are challenges of ICT integration in the mathematics classroom. Developing ICT-friendly infrastructures, conducting effective teacher training, developing well-acceptable applications, redesigning the syllabus, minimizing the cost of ICT tools, and recruiting skillful manpower are the coping strategies for these challenges. Teachers and students are practicing ICTs in mathematics classrooms by their choice but facing a lot of problems. To solve these problems this research would be the guideline for policymakers, curriculum designers, schools, teachers, and students to develop ICT-friendly plans, curricula, infrastructure, environment, and learning way.
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    Understanding and practices of continuous assessment system provisioned under integrated curriculum
    (Department of English Education, 2023) Prajapati, Pancha Laxmi
    Available with full text
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    घरेलु तथा साना उद्योगले उद्यमी तथा श्रमिकहरुको पारिवारिक आर्थिक तथा शैक्षिक क्षेत्रमा पारेको प्रभाव : दुहागढी गा.वि.स., झापा (The impact of domestic and small industries on the family economic and educational sector of entrepreneurs and workers: Duhagadhi V.D.C., Jhapa)
    (अर्थशास्त्र शिक्षा विभाग, 2016) लम्साल Lamsal, मनाेज Manoj
    यो अध्ययन घरेलु तथा साना उद्योगले उद्यमी तथा श्रमिकहरुको पारिवारिक आर्थिक तथा शैक्षिक क्षेत्रमा पारेको प्रभाव सँग सम्बन्धित छ । यसका लागी झापा जिल्ला, दुहागढी गा.वि.स. मा रहेका घरेलु तथा साना उद्योगहरुलाई छनौट गरीएको थियो । यस अध्ययनको मुख्य उद्देश्यहरुमा घरेलु तथा साना उद्योगको वर्तमान अवस्थाको पहिचान गर्नु, घरेलु तथा साना उद्योगहरुले संलग्न उद्यमी तथा श्रमिकहरुको पारिवारीक आर्थिक तथा शैक्षिक क्षेत्रमा पारेको पत्ता लगाउनु तथा घरेलु र साना उद्योगहरुको समस्याहरु पत्ता लगाइ समाधानका उपायहरु प्रस्तुत गर्नु रहेको छ । अध्ययनमा परिमाणात्मक, गुणात्मक ढाँचाको माध्यमबाट प्राथमिक र द्वितीय स्रोतबाट प्राप्त तथ्याङ्कहरूलाई तालिकामा प्रस्तुत गरी विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत अध्ययन अनुसार झापा जिल्लाको दुहागढी गा.वि.स. मा सञ्चालित ५७ वटा घरेलु तथा साना उद्योगहरुबाट ५७ जना उद्यमीहरुले स्वरोजगार तथा १२५ जना श्रमिकहरुले प्रत्यक्ष रुपमा रोजगारी प्राप्त गरिरहेका छन् । अध्ययन अनुसार उद्योगहरुको औषत बार्षिक आम्दानी रु. ७२५००० रहेको छ भने औषत बार्षिक खर्च रु. ५२७००० रहेको छ । उद्योगहरुले आम्दानीबाट खर्च कटाइ औषत बार्षिक बचत रु. १९८००० गर्ने गरेका छन् । अध्ययन क्षेत्रमा रहेका उद्यमीहरुको औषत पारिवारीक बार्षिक आम्दानी रु. २८३५०९ तथा औषत मासिक पारिवारीक आम्दानी रु. २३६२६ रहेको छ भने औषत बार्षिक पारिवारीक खर्च रु. १७७००० तथा औषत मासिक पारिवारिक खर्च रु. १४७५० रहेको छ । प्राप्त आम्दानीबाट खर्च गरी रु. १०६५१२ औषत पारिवारीक बार्षिक बचत गर्न सक्षम भएका छन् । अध्ययन क्षेत्रका श्रमिकहरुको औषत बार्षिक पारिवारीक आम्दानी रु १७०६७२ तथा औषत मासिक पारिवारीक आम्दानी १४२२३ रहेको छ भने औषत बार्षिक पारिवारीक खर्च रु. १०८११६ तथा औषत मासिक पारिवारीक खर्च रु ९०१० रहेको छ । प्राप्त आम्दानीलालई खर्च गरी रु. ६२५५६ औषत बार्षिक पारिवारीक बचत गर्न श्रमिकहरु सक्षम भएका छन् । अध्ययन क्षेत्रका सबै उद्यमीहरु तथा श्रमिकहरु र उनीहरुको परिवारहरु साक्षर रहेका छन् । तहगत शैक्षिक अवस्था हेर्दा एस.एल.सी. सम्मको शिक्षा पाउने उद्यमीहरु ३५.०९ प्रतिशत, उद्यमी परिवारहरु ५५.५९ प्रतिशत तथा श्रमिकहरु ६२.४० प्रतिशत र श्रमिक परिवारहरु ७४.३२ प्रतिशत रहेका छन् । त्यस्तै एस.एल.सी. भन्दा माथिको शिक्षा प्राप्त गर्ने उद्यमीहरु ६४.९१ प्रतिशत, उद्यमी परिवारहरु ४४.४१ प्रतिशत तथा श्रमिकहरु ३७.६० प्रतिशत र श्रमिक परिवारहरु २५.६८ प्रतिशत रहेका छन् । अध्ययन क्षेत्रका ४८.६७ प्रतिशत उद्यमीहरुले आफ्ना बालिबालिकाहरु नीजि विद्यालयमा, १५.०४ प्रतिशत उद्यमीहरुले आफ्ना बालबालिकाहरु मध्ये कसैलाई नीजिमा, कसैलाई सरक ारी विद्यालयमा पढाएका छन् भने ३६.२८ प्रतिशत उद्यमीहरुले सरकारी विद्यालयमा आफ्ना बालबालिकाहरु पढाउने गरेका छन् । यसैगरी ३४.४३ प्रतिशत श्रमिकहरुले आफ्ना बालबालिकाहरु सरकारी विद्यालयमा, ४२.८६ प्रतिशत श्रमिकहरुले नीजि विद्यालयमा र २२.७१ प्रतिशत श्रमिकहरुले आफ्ना बालबालिकाहरु मध्ये कसैलाई सरकारी र कसैलाई नीजि विद्यालयमा पढाउने गरका छन् । अध्ययन क्षेत्रका उद्यमीका प्रमुख समस्याहरुमा पुँजीको अभाव, कच्चा पदार्थको अभाव, सरकारी संरक्षणको अभाव, लोडसेडिङ्गको समस्या, सरल ऋण सुविधा अभाव, तालिमको अभाव, आदि रहेका छन् भने यस्ता समस्याहरुको समाधानका लागी सहुलियतपूर्ण र सरल ब्याजदरमा सरकारले ऋण तथा अनुदानको ब्यवस्था गर्नुपर्ने, कच्चा पदार्थको उचीत प्रबन्ध हनुपर्ने, विद्युत आपूर्ति निरन्तर हुनुपर्ने, तालिमको ब्यवस्था हुनुपर्ने देखिन्छ । त्यस्तै श्रमिकहरुका समस्याहरुमा कम पारीश्रमिक, तालिमको अभाव, औषधी उपचार तथा बीमाको ब्यवस्था नहुनु, रोजगारीको ग्यारेन्टी नहुनु, मान सम्मानको अभाव आदि रहेका छन् भने समाधानका उपायहरुमा पारीश्रमिकको उचीत ब्यवस्था हुनुपर्ने, तालिमहरुको ब्यवस्था हुनुपर्ने, औषधी उपचार तथा बीमाको ब्यवस्था हुनुपर्ने, रोजगारीको ग्यारेन्टी, कार्यसमय निश्चीत हुनुपर्ने, समयमै तलब भत्ता तथा अतिरिक्त र राम्रो काम बापतको प्रोत्साहन भत्ता तथा बोनस उपलब्ध हुनुपर्ने, श्रमिकहरु प्रति सबैपक्षको सम्मानपूर्ण दृष्टिकोण हुनुपर्ने आदि रहेका छन् । यसरी हेर्दा घरेलु तथा साना उद्योगहरुको सञ्चालनले रोजगारीका अवसरहरु सिर्जना गरिरहेको छ । उद्योगको सञ्चालनबाट उद्यमी तथा श्रमिकहरुको आयआर्जनमा बृद्धि भई जीविकोपार्जन गर्न सहज हुनुका साथै शिक्षामा समेत लगानी बढ्न गइ सकारात्मक प्रभाव पार्दछ भन्ने कुरा प्रस्तुत शोधको निष्कर्ष रहेको छ ।