Browsing by Subject "Chemical parameters"
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Item Spatio-temporal variation in macro-invertebrate assemblage structure of kayar khola, Chitwan Nepal(Department of Zoology, 2022) Poudel, SitaThe spatial and temporal variations of the macro-invertebrate assemblages in rivers and streams of Nepal are poorly understood. The macro-invertebrate communities and their relationships with environmental variables were studied in Kayar Khola, Chitwan for one year (November 2020 to August 2021) covering four seasons. Each and every sampling station was visited once in each season. Macro-invertebrate sampling was conducted at each sampling station from 11 am to 2 pm by using a D-frame Net with a mesh size of 0.5mm. Altogether 42 Families belonging to 17 Orders, 5 Classes and 3 Phyla were found in present study. Among the collected macro-invertebrates, Hydropsychidae (20.20%) was recorded to be the most dominant family and followed by Thiaridae (15.76%), Heptageniidae (12.02%), Baetidae (9.43%), and Psephenidae (5.09%) respectively. Family Viviparidae (0.05%) was less dominant and found only in the spring season at site C of Kayar Khola. The Order Trichoptera was found to be the most dominant order with 408 individuals. The highest Shannon-Weiner diversity index (2.39) was observed during winter season whereas the lowest value (1.61) observed in summer season. Maximum family richness value (21.0) was found in winter season and the minimum (7.75) found in summer season. The correspondence analysis (CCA) reveals a significant correlation between macro-invertebrate assemblage and environmental variables. Cluster analysis depicts that similarity between macroinvertebrates decreases as the distance of sites increases.Item Study on Some Physico-Chemical parameters In Relation to Primary Productivity of Kirtipur Village Pond(Department of Zoology, 2006) Pandey, Satish KumarThe present study entitled "Study on some physico-chemical parameters in relation to primary productivity of Kirtipur village pond"was conducted from 5 th July to 20 December 2002. The physical parameters such as temperature, depth, transparency,water colour and nature of the day were observed on the field. The chemical parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, free carbondioxide, total alkalinity, total hardness,dissolved calcium and chlorides were also analyzed in the field. Primary productivity was measured by using light and dark bottle technique(Gaardner and Garm, 1927). The average value of pH of the pond water was found 8.25. The dissolved oxygen (D.O.) was found with an average value of 4.90 ppm and free carbondioxide (CO2 th ) 19.16 ppm.Similarly, the average values of total alkalinity, total hardness, dissolved calcium and chlorides were found 100.58 ppm, 84.08 ppm, 99.75 ppm and 36.37 ppmrespectively. The average value of primary productivity recorded was 29.95 gm/c/m /hr. The chemical parameters like D.O., free CO2 3 and calcium were found in limiting amount where as total hardness, total alkalinity and dissolved chlorides were in excess. Statistical analysis showed the positive correlation of primary productivity with free CO2 , transparency, total hardness, total alkalinity and calcium and negative with depth, temperature, PH,dissolved oxygen and chlorides. Present investigation suggested that the pondmay beproductive and suitable for fish growth.