Browsing by Subject "Dalits"
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Item Inclusion of Dalit Students in a Formal School(Master of Philosophy in Education, 2007-12) Simkhada, Sharad ChandraHierarchical social structure and norms are pervasive in caste-based society of Nepal. The Dalits fall at the bottom of societal framework. In this context, this study deals with inclusion and exclusion of the Dalit children in a formal Nepalese school. Specific objectives of this research endeavor were: a) to assess caste discrimination in the community, and b) to find out the situation of inclusion of Dalit students in formal education. I reviewed literatures on concept of inclusion, policy, caste and relevant previous researches. A school from Gorkha district was selected for the study. The Dalit students studying in the school were units of study. Their perception towards inclusion was focal point of the study. I generated information by employing qualitative case study method. The case materials were identified and purposively sampled. I also interviewed students, teachers and parents, and observed some phenomena in the school and the community in the course of field study. As I found caste discrimination is on decrease order in the community, however, some discriminatory practices were observed and heard during my study period. Most of the non- Dalits such as Brahmans, Chhetris, Newars, Magars, Gurungs, and Gharti are still sensitive about commensal rules and caste related taboos. At the same time, wealthy and educated Dalits are being increasingly assimilated in social gatherings. The Dalits who are involved in patron-client relationships are incorporated in ceremonies of the so- called higher caste community functions such as marriage, Bratabandha (sacred thread wearing ceremony) and worship of ancestral deity. However, the Dalits concerned have to maintain certain distance especially in sitting and eating. In comparison to the social behaviors in the community, treatment with the Dalit students in the school is less discriminatory. I have analysed their inclusion in terms of behavior, policy and representation. The Dalit students are equally treated inside the school compound. They have access to stay in hostel with other caste pupils. In the policy document particularly the SIP, there is not a single word which indicates inclusion. The teachers are mostly found unfamiliar about the national and international discourse of inclusion. Regarding representation, there is a Dalit teacher and there are two Dalit members in Parent Teachers' Association. From the viewpoint of inclusion, there is good practice in the school in comparison to other schools in the surrounding. Despite blanket treatment in the school, Dalit students have lower performance in education. Because of caste discrimination in the community, they still have humiliation and they are hesitant to establish good relationships with talented friends for collegial learning. Their participation in school activities has been lower. In comparison to the non-Dalit students, they face several problems at school and home. They lack negotiation skill to cope with the problems and to mold the situation in their favour. Their parents were found indifferent and unable to provide them educational support. Therefore, they need counseling from teachers in addition to regular teaching. To meet the requirement, curriculum needs to be made inclusive. Apart from this, capacity of the teachers to be accommodative requires to be built through inclusive training package.Item Participation of Dalits in Community Forestry (A Case Study of Kalika Community Forest User Group in Latikoili-1 VDC, Surkhet District)(Department of Rural Development, 2009) Sunar, ShankarThis study entitled "Participation of Dalits in Community Forestry” (A Case Study ofKalika Community Forest User Group in Latikoili-1 VDC, Surkhet District”wasbased onprimary data collected in January, 2008. The main objective of the study was to assessparticipation of Dalits in forest management, decision making, monitoring and evaluationand benefit sharing in the community forest. The other specific objectives included analyzingthe socio-economic characteristics of Dalits households population and Dalit members of thecommunity forest user groups, the obstacles for effective participation in community forest,pattern of participation in the community forest and recommending the ways to makecommunity forest management more inclusive for Dalits. For the purpose of the study, the researcher had applied both exploratory and descriptiveresearch design. The sources of data were both primary and secondary and the nature of datawas both qualitative and quantitative. There are a total of 53 Dalit households in thecommunity forest. Out of them, 30 households were selected on simple random basis for thestudy purpose. A total of 165 population were enumerated in 30 Dalit households. ThirtyDalit respondents of the community forest user group members (one from each household)and ten key informants were the respondents of the study. The sex ratio of Dalit householdspopulation is 108.08 and overall age dependency ratio 30.95. Most of them are unmarried.The literacy figure of the Dalits households population and Dalit community forest usergroup members are also very low. Farming is the major occupation of both Dalit HHpopulation and Dalit community forest user group members of the community forest. Almost90 percent of them are living in subsistence and waged labour is a primary source of incomeof the respondents. Participation of Dalits in decision making process in the CFUG is not satisfactory because ofilliteracy, low level of awareness, lack of leadership development and discriminatorypractices of social elites. Most of illiterate Dalits are participating irregularly knowingly orunknowingly and have only passive or supportive role in decision making process. However, almost all Dalits are participating regularly in monitoring and evaluation process.They have felt a sense of responsibility to protect and manage their forest. On an average, theeffectiveness of Dalits participation in monitoring and evaluation is satisfactory. But, their participation in benefit sharing process is partly satisfactory. Most of the Dalitshave access to forest products of daily needs but are unable to grab opportunities to sharebenefits from community forest fund. Moreover, they have also no access to incomegenerating activities and training programs which are basically considered to be fundamentalto uplift their socio-economic status.Item Representation of Dalit Identity Crisis in Selected Nepali Newspaper Articles(Department of English, 2017) Joshi, SarmilaThis research attempts to explore the lapses of media representation of Dalit identity crisis from the theoretical perspective of Subaltern Studies. This research critically examines Dalit news and articles in national dailies; The Kathmandu Post and The Rising Nepal of 2015. The hollow representation of Dalit issue seems insufficient to fight against caste based discrimination and untouchability. Steven Folmer’s theory befits here, where problem of Dalit identity is taken similar to the identity problem of other social group which is not appropriate for actual representation. This research also contributes to unveil how the state and private media represent Dalit issue in the print media. The ideology of The Rising Nepal seems to serve and become the manifesto of the government and The Kathmandu Post is helping the elite to collect the capital. These print media thus fail to cover the issue regarding Dalits. Thus the issue of Dalit does not get sufficient space even in the republican period of New Nepal. With the help of articles, news and editorials, the research proves that the print media have simply generalized the different marginalized communities all together and turned back to the genuine issue of subaltern people like Dalits. Thus print media should cover the issue of Dalits from different perspective than that of other ethnic minorities.Item Voicing the voiceless : resistance of Dalits in Mahasweta Devi's Dhouli(Department of English, 2023) Bajgai, AsmitaIn this research work, the researcher attempts to portray a picture of upper-caste dominance in the then Indian society as well as the Dalit community's resistance to it in Mahasweta Devi’s Dhouli. At the beginning of the novel, Dalits seem to be following all the rules and regulations set by upper caste people. Later, they revolt and get their rights back. Devi choosesTaharr, a real location in India, to tell the realistic tale of Dhouli, Jhalo, Shanichari, Murari and Jhulni in order to illustrate how caste ideologies treat Dalits, and how their collective and individual resistance is crucial in challenging the customs, traditions, and cultures that uphold caste-based oppression and discrimination. To carry out this task, the researcher brings theoretical insights related to Dalit study of B. R. Ambedkar’sAnnihilation of Caste, BishwabhaktaDulal ‘Aahuti’s Varna System and Class Struggle in Nepal, and others too. Overall, this paper attempts to extend the alternatives of maintaining caste equality and freedom in the society in order to make it a better place to live in. Key words: Dalits, Oppression, Exploitation, Sex Toys, Resistance, Victory