Browsing by Subject "Fertility"
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Item Age at Marriage and Fertility (A Case Study of Marbu V. D. C., Dolakha District)(Department of population studies, 2009) Rai, Prabha KalaThis study deals the relationship between age at marriage and fertility in Marbu VDC,Dolakha district. It is based on primary data. The data was collected through theinterview with 110 ever-married women of reproductive age group (15-49 years) from120 households. Among the total household population, females’ populationare more than males. Theproportion of widowhood and divorcedwere very low comparing with married. Most ofthe population aged 6 years and above were found to be literate. A few households hadmodern toilet facilities. Most of thehouseholdshad many livestock and poultry and usedpiped water. In this study, age at marriage is determined by women’ and husbands’ education,occupation, religion, ethnicity and social custom and traditions. These alsoaffect fertilitydirectly and indirectly.Among the 110 respondents, literate respondents had highermean age at marriage and lower CEB than illiterate. Overall, respondents’meanage atmarriage was 18.9 years. Occupation also determines the mean age at marriage andfertility. Who were engaged in service had higher mean age at marriage and lower CEBthanother occupations. Respondents, who followed Hindu religion,had higher meanage at marriage and lower CEB than Buddhist.There were Newar, Sherpa, B.K. andMagar only. Among them, Sherpa respondents had the lowest mean age at marriageand the lowest CEB.Respondents, who followed arrange marriage had lower mean ageat marriage andhigher CEB than loved married respondents. Knowledge and use of FPare found to be negatively associated with fertility. Respondents who had knowledgeofFPhad lower CEB than who hadn’t it. Who had experience of using FP had lower CEBthan nonuser. Respondents had different complications to not using FP. Thesedetermine the CEB. Respondents who were using FP had lower CEB than who weren’tusing FP. Miscarriage and inducedabortion affect the CEB. Who had experienceofmiscarriageand induced abortion had lower CEB than who hadn’t experience of it.The socio- economic and demographic factors show that the age of women andduration of marriage are found to be positively associated with fertility. Age at marriage is found to have negative relationship with mean CEB.Item An Analysis of Socio-Economic and Demographic Differentials on Fertility ( A Case Study of Machchhegaon VDC, Kathmandu)(Department of Population Studies, 2007) Thapa, NanuThe study of the socio-economic and demographic differentials on fertility is based on primary data which has been collected from the sampling type survey of Machchhegaon VDC. The study included 120ever married women of reproductive age group from 120households. Outof the total population, 42.7 percent are males and 57.2 percent are females accounting the sex ratio of 74.5. One hundred twenty ever married women of reproductive age (15-49 years) were successfully interviewed from one hundred and twenty households in the study area. The head of households were interviewed to present the general socio-economic and demographic characteristics of Machchhegaon VDC and women of reproductive age were in interviewed to examine there relationship between demographic and socio-economic variables and fertility differential. Among the total population of 487 aged 6 years and above, 52.4percent of both sexes are found to be literate and remaining 47.5 percent are illiterate. Similarly, among the total population age 10 years and above, 42.6 percent people are involved in agriculture in both sexes where as 30.0 percent people have below 1 Ropani land. The total married women aged 15-49 years are found 32.4 percent in the study area. The analysis of demographic factors shows that the age of women and duration of marriage are positively associated with fertility where as age at marriage is found negatively associated with fertility.Similarly, child loss experience is positively related with fertility.Occupational status and use of contraception are found negatively associated with fertility.Item An Analysis of Socio-Economic and Demographic Differentials on Fertility (A case study of Rajbansi Community in Juropani V.D.C., Jhapa)(Department of Population Studies, 2006) Koirala, Parmila DeviThis study deals with an analysis of socio-economic and demographic differentials on fertility in Rajbansi community of Juropani VDC of Jhapa district. The primary data was collected from the study of Rajbansi community of Juropani VDC. The study included 70 ever-married women of reproductive age group from 78 households. Out of the total population, 49.3 percent are males and 50.7 percent are females accounting the sex ratio of 97.3. Among the total population of 375 aged 6 years and above, 68 percent of both sexes are found to be literate and remaining 32 percent are illiterate.Similarly, among the total population aged 10 years and above, 44.8 percent people are involved in agriculture in both sexes, where as 51.0 percent of the population aged 10 years above are found married followed by 44.8 percent in unmarried group. Likewise 30.8 percent households and 69.2 percent households are landless and owners of land respectively. The total married women aged 15-49 years are found 16.7 percent in the study area and the mean number of children ever born of those women is 3.5.The analysis of demographic factors shows that the age of women and duration of marriage are positively associated with fertility where as age at marriage is found negatively associated with fertility. Similarly, child loss experience is positively related with fertility. Occupational status and use of contraception are found negatively associated with fertility.Item A Comparative Study of Fertility between Dalit and Non Dalit Women in Gajuri VDC of Dhading District(Department of Sociology, 2017) Pangeni, Bishnu PrasadFertility of Dalit woman and non dalit woman in gajuri VDC-1, Dhading of their child bearing and given fertility at refers to birth per woman. This research shows the ptential for popiulation changes in the country. The Researcher want to measure of the lable of fertility. Differential of fertility is the study of fertility differences between Dalit and Non Dalit woman. This study is a quantative as well as qualitative study to analize the fetility trend and socio-economic status of the Dalit and Non Dalit woman.Item Demographicand Socio-Economic factor saffecting Fertility: A Case Study Of Thumpokhara Vdc, Syangja District(Department of Population Studies, 2009) Dumre, Pom PrasadThis study carried out to know the socioeconomic and demographicfactors affecting fertility is based on primary data which has been collected byusing purposive sampling method in Thumpokhara VDC ward No 5 and7ofSyangja. Well-devised structure questionnaire are used for interview. The study was conducted in selected wards 5 and 7 of ThumpokharaVDC included 110 ever married women of reproductive age group from 110households. Out of the total population (665), 47.1 percent are males and 52.9percent are females. The highest proportion 48.2 percent of women interviewedare at age groups 20-24 and 25-29 years followed by 30-34 and 35-39 years agegroup 29.1 percent which are intermediate age groups. Among the total respondent, literacy rate is very low only 45.5 percentwhere as 54.5 percent are illiterate. The majority of respondents68.2 percentengaged in agriculture sector it is higher percent than non-agriculture sectors.Similarly, among the total respondents aged 15-49 years 50.9 percent weremarried in the age group 15-19 years followed by the age group 10-14 years as10 percent, it clears that long duration of marriage leads to high fertility. Theanalysis of demographic factors shows that the age of women and duration ofmarriage are positively associated with fertility. Whereas age at marriage isfound negatively associated with fertility. The study has found that the number of CEB is high with low level ofincome, early age at marriage, low level of literacy, desire of son, higher thechild loss experience and low level of contraceptive use.Item Determinants of Fertility in Tharu Community (A Case Study of Bijauree Village Dang District)(Department of population studies, 2008) Subedi, BabitaThis study deals with the "Determinants of Fertility inTharuCommunity: A CaseStudy of Bijauree VDC 6 and 8, Dang". Out of total population,50.9 percent aremales and 49.1 percent are females accounting the sex ratioof103.6. Among the total population of 756 aged 6 years and above, 70.4 percent of both sexesare found to be literate. Among the literatepopulation,69.5 percenthave completedprimary level of education, 19.2 percent have completed lower secondary level ofeducation. Likewise, percent of population completing secondary and aboveSLClevel of education is 5.1 and 6.2 respectively. Among the total population, 626 areaged 10 years and above.Main occupation of thepopulation in the study area isAdhiya (cropping sharing in agriculture)(30.9%) followed by household work(15.4%) and daily wage labour in non agriculture sector (12.5%). In both sexes,60.1percent of the total population aged 10 years and above are found married with a verysmallproportion of widows (0.5%). In the study the total 125 households are selected and from each household currentlymarried women for ages 15-49 years are included for this study. Among the total 125respondents 42.4 percent are literate and among the literate only 9.4 percentcompleted the SLC and above level of education. The distribution of therespondentsby their occupation shows that the higher (38.4) percent proportions of women areinvolved in household work and least (2.4) percent are involved in service occupation.The average mean age at marriage is found 16.5 years and the average number ofCEB is found 3.7 of the study population. The mean age at marriage of literate is 17.0 years andamongilliterateit is16.1 years.Children ever born by age at marriage is found negatively associated, with age, i.e.10-14 years age group has highest mean children ever born of 4.6 whereas for20years and above it is 2.3. Theoverall mean children ever born is 3.7. The literatewomen has lowermean children ever born (2.8)thanfor thoseilliterate(4.4). The result of the study shows that the literacy status and occupation are the majordeterminants of age at marriage of the study population. It also found that knowledgeand uses of contraception determine the number of children ever born of the study area.Age at marriage and number of children ever born are negativelycorrelated i.e. the increase in age at marriage decreases the number ofchildren ever born.Item Effect of Socio-Economic and Demographic Factors on Fertility Behaviour of Yadav Community (A Case Study of Sanhaitha VDC of Siraha District)(Department of Population Studies, 2006) Yadav, Ram NarayanNot availableItem Estimation and Projection of the Fertility: National, Provincial and Local Level in Nepal(Faculty of Population Studies, 2022) Devkota, Bijaya ManiFertility levels and patterns provide an important demographic information regarding the population change, as well as socio-economic development and human well-being. There are very few specific studies in Nepal that estimate and project fertility among different caste/ethnic groups at the national, provincial and local levels. This study compares the fertility estimation and projection at national and its sub-domains, and verifies and validates in Nepal. National household censuses (2001 and 2011) were carried in 12.5 percent of the total households and (649,476 and 1,091,337) reproductive age group of sample women were identified through analysis respectively. Age sex pyramids and frequency table represent demographic scenario of national and provincial levels. The study was carried out adhering to the Arriaga method and changing P/F ratio method. Algorithm first smoothed local age specific rates (ASFR) using Empirical Bayes method and then applied a new variant of Brass’s P/F parity that is robust under conditions of rapid fertility decline at local level. The small area estimation (SAE) was applied at local level and different caste/ethnicity were selected to estimate the fertility which is the contribution of the study. Total fertility rate (TFR) values will reach at national level using linear interpolation, and extrapolation by 2031, it reaches replacement level. The study showed that the Muslim, Hill Janajati, Madhesi Dalit, Madheshi Other Caste, Hill Dalit and Others Minor Caste will have (2.37, 2.31, 2.32, 2.20, 2.37, 2.51) high fertility rate which is above the replacement level of fertility at the end of 2031. Similarly, the fertility rate of Newar, Tarai Janajiti, Brahman/Chhetri and Madheshi Brahman (1.58, 2.03, 2.09, 1.8) will have below the replacement level of fertility. At the province level, Karnali (3.42), Sudurpashchim (2.59) and Lumbini (2.14) will have high fertility rates; Madhesh Province and Gandaki will reach 2.1; Province 1 (2.05), Bagmati (1.9) will be below the replacement level in the same period. SAE is most useful when the vital registration system is incomplete and small local fertility samples made it difficult to estimate rates reliably; applying 742 (2001) and 753(2011) local levels in household census; mainly standardising the empirical Bayes Brass (EBB) method in Kanda (Smallest), Dhanushadam (middle) and Kathmandu (largest) at rural and urban municipal levels were selected respectively. The fertility of SAE is valuable for analysing demographic change and is important for local planning and programme. Future researchers can study to ward levels for more effective results.Item Fertility Behaviour in Chamar Community(Tribhuvan University Department of Health Education Shree. R.R.T.J. M. Campus, 2016) Karn, PinkuThis study entitled " Fertility Behavior in Chamar community of Asanpur VDC of Siraha District" was carried out specifically ward No. 4,5,6, and 7 of Asanpur VDC with aim of finding the demographic and socio-economic and knowledge and practice of fertility in Chamar community . A month long field operation was launched in the study area. There are altogether 2500 households and 11000 population reside in Asanpur VDC. There are 150 Chamar households in Asanpur VDC. Among them the total population of Chamar 750. Out of then, there are 360 are male and 390 are Female. Out of 390, there are 120 female in reproductive age which is the sample size of this study. The study area and Chamar community were chosen purposively and respondents (i.e. 15-49 years Chamar women having at least on child) were taken by census method and interviewed through structured and semi- structured interview schedule. Majority of the respondents had adopted early marriage, premature pregnancy, higher fertility and child loss experiences. Nearly one fourth o fourth respondents had an appropriate concept of family planning. Illiteracy has been one of he vital cause for their high fertility level because of their early marriage and less awareness about family planning etc. But by the study it is seen that even some of the educated Chamar hesitate and do not use contraceptives because they have the deep rooted belief that children are the gift of god, therefore, not only the education for the uneducated but also the awareness about the demerits of populations growth and early marriage should be provided through NGOs, INGOs and even from the government sector, and it will, of course, result in diminishing their high fertility level and their life will ultimately become easier and more comfortable.Item Fertility Behaviour of Magar community (A Study of Dhaubadi VDC in Nawalparasi District)(Department of Population Studies, 2008) Rana, Minsarihis study deals with the "Fertility Behaviour of Magar Community".Theprimary data was collected from the study of Magar Community of DhaudadiVDC. The analysis and interpretation of data were carried out by usingfrequency tables, cross tabulation, mean CEB with selected dependent andindependent variables. The study included 120 married women of reproductive age group from thesame number of households. Out of the total population, 50.2 percent are malesand 49.8 females with the sex ratio of 100.9. Among the total population of 677aged 6 years and above, 61.8 percent of both sexes are found to be literate andremaining 38.2 percent are found illiterate. Similarly, among the totalpopulation aged 6 years and above, 35.3 percent are involved in agriculture inboth sexes. Likewise, among the total Population aged 10 years and above,58.4 percent people are found married against 38.2 percent unmarried and 3.2percent are found widow/widower. Average number of children ever bornamong married women aged 15-49 years is found 2.73. Occupational status anduse of contraception are found negatively associated with fertility. The majorityof respondents are found literate. Even the majority of the respondents arefound they are totally unknown regarding the overall situation i.e. political,social as well as the economic condition of the country due to the lack ofawareness. The longer duration of marriage is seen playing a significant role in increasingthe number of CEB. The education of women seems playing an important rolein decreasing the mean number of CEB in the study area. Women showingilliterate women having high CEB. Occupation has also seen playing animportant role for the reduction of fertility. Most of the women are engaged inagriculture in the study area and HH works, so they are found to have children,which mean higher fertility. Similarly income is also important cause ofincrease fertility. Higher the level of income, lower the CEB is found in the 5 study area. The income of majority respondent's isless than Rs. 1000 per moth.Similarly the mean CEB of low-income respondents had shown as higher thanthat of high-income respondents. Knowledge and use of family planningmethods especially female method are found high. There is high level ofcontraceptive use only after the first birth. This indicates that couple tends togive first birth soon after marriage.Item Fertility Behaviour of Magar CommuniTY [A Study of Salyankot VDC, Dhading](Department of Population Studies, 2009) Magar, Bhim Bahadur ThapaThis Study deals with “Fertility behavior of Magar Community: AStudy of Salyankot VDC, Dhading”. To complete this Study primary andsecondary data are collected. The analysis and interpretation of data arecarried out by frequency and cross tabulation. This Study is mainly based on the consideration that fertility isdetermined by different socio-economic and demographic variables. Only135 respondents of Magar community in Salyankot VDC are taken toexamine the relation of fertility with socio-economic and somedemographic variables. The specific objectives of this analysis are socio-economic anddemographic characteristics of ever married women of aged (15-49) toaccess the relationship between fertility and specific socio-economicvariables as education, occupation, income and land holding size, andalso to study the relation with fertility (CEB) and some demographicvariables like age at marriage, child loss experience and knowledge offamily planning methods. Among the total population of this VDC's Magar households malesoccurs 51.9 percent and female 48.1 percent.Sex ratio is 108 which isgreater than national level sex ratio as 99.8. Out of total population ofboth sexes of aged 6 years and above the literacy rate is accounted 70.86percent and the rest 29.14% are illiterate. Most of the respondents foundto be engaged in households service and agriculture and same conditionin sampled households. Majority of the respondents (65.2%) marriedbefore they reached 20 years, which bring the high fertility. More than 73percent of the respondents heard about family planning method. Among 5 sampled respondents 48.15 percent are literate and the rest 51.85 percentare illiterate. Accordingly, the mean number of CEB of respondents is (3.3) inMagar community of this VDC. the number of CEB is found inincreasing order with increasing age of respondents. Women in agegroups (45-49) years have highest mean CEB of (5.26) per women. Relationship between educational and occupational status ofrespondents with mean CEB are found to be inversely associated whilechild loss experience and family planning methods users are found to bepositively associated with the fertility.Item Fertility Behaviour of Majhi Community (a Case Study of Karmaiya VDC, Sarlahi)(Department of Population Studies, 2007-04) Shibakoti, Bed NathNot availableItem Fertility Behaviour of Tamang Community of Haranamadi VDC Makawanpur District(Department of Population Studies, 2007) Bhandari, Ram BahadurThe study on the “Fertility Behavior of Tamang Community of Harnamadi VDC, Makawanpur” was carried out by collecting primary data. The main objectives of this study are: to identify the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of married Tamang women of 15-49 years of Harnamadi VDC; examine the relationship between the fertility behavior and cultural setting of Tamang women to examine the relationship between children ever born and education,occupation, age at marriage, economic condition. This study is based on primary data which are collected from the 550married women including 109 Tamang eligible women of 15-49 years who aresuccessfully interviewed by applying sampling in Harnamadi VDC of Makawanpur district. The married women were interviewed to show the general socio-economic and democratic characteristics of the study area and the women of reproductive age were interviewed to examine the fertility behaviour on the basis of socio cultural and economic variables. The relation between fertility and selected socio-economic and demographic variables are examined by using mean, cross and frequency tables. The major finding of the study area are: the mean CEB is positively associated with age group of women the mean CEB is negatively associated with education and use of contraception and their average mean CEB was found 2.8.Item Fertility Behaviour of Tharu Community (A Case Study of Kumrose VDC of Tharu Community in Chitwan District, Nepal)(Department of Population Studies, 2007) Raut, Ram JitanThis study deals with the "Fertility Behaviour of Tharu Community" (A case study of Kumorse VDC of the Tharu Community in Chitwan District. The primary data as well as secondary data are collected for the study of this community of Kumrose VDC. The analysis and interpretation of data is carried out by using frequency tables, cross tabulation and mean CEB selected dependent and independent variables. This study is based on the consideration that fertility is determined by different socio-economic and demographic variables. Only 110 respondents of Kumrose VDC area are sampled to show the relation of fertility with socio-economic and demographic variables. The objective of this study are: to identify the socio-economic characteristics of the Tharu community, to identify the demographic variables of the Tharu community and to examine the relationship between socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the Tharu community in the study area. Among the total sample population (617) 6 years and above, 73.5percent of bothsexes are found literate and rest of the population i.e. 26.5percent are illiterate. Similarly,among the total population aged 10 years and above 61.7percent people are involved in agriculture in both sexes. Likewise, 59.5percentof the population aged 10 years and above are found unmarried followed by 34.1percentare in married population. The mean number of CEB of respondent is 2.69 in the Tharu community.The low age at first menstruation is found negatively related with fertility.The age of women and duration of marriage is found negatively related with fertility.Low age at first birth is found very high fertility among women. Similarly, child loss experience is positively associated with fertility. Educational status of the women is found negatively associated with fertility but not strong impact of education on fertility is found in this Tharu Community.The knowledge of FP methods among women are found negatively associated with fertility.Occupational status and use of contraception are found positively associated with fertility.Pre-natal checkup is found negatively related with fertility. The relationship between ideal number of children and fertility are found negatively associated in the study area.Item Reproductive Health, Contraception and Fertility among Dummali Rai’s in Bhojpur District, Nepal:(Department of Population Studies, 2011-05) Rai, BigyanThe study "Reproductive health, Contraception and fertility in Dummali Rai community" was carried out using primary data obtained from 165 respondents of currently married women aged 15-49 years Sano-Dumma of Bhojpur, Nepal. Knowledge, practice, use and reasons for nonuse of contraceptive among currently married women aged 15-49 years were examined in the study. The total population of sample household was 970 in the study area, among them males were 514 and 456 were females. The sex ratio was 112.7. The result indicated that 84.3 percent people were literate and 15.7 percent were illiterate. The major occupation was agriculture with 27.5 percent people was engaged in this sector. If we analyze the availability of food production is 98.8 percent out of the total population. The 53.9 percent people’s household income per month is Rs. 5,000-10,000. The 95.8 percent have toilet facility. The 55.2 percent husbands are decision maker where as 55.8 percent female take advice every day. Out of the 165 household, 53.6 are unmarried where as 44.3 percent are unmarried,60.7 percent have the knowledge of RH, 85.7 percent do not have the knowledge of contraceptive, 3 currently married women had aborted unwanted pregnancy. Before 15 years, 1.2 percent youth keep first sexual intercourse. The 52 percent people viewed an organization’s information programmes. The 99.4 percent receive RH service easily, the 95.8 percent got information of FP from radio/TV and in the last pregnancy, and 77.8 percent take ANC service. Efforts are to be made to enhance the situations of education, with RH knowledge; outreach of policy implementation at the grassroots level; sexual and reproductive health related educational programmes for young population; opportunities for economic improvement of the families; and, establishment of the health facilities in each wards of the VDC.Item Sex Preference and Fertility (A Case Study of Meghauli Village in Chitwan District)(Department of Population Studies, 2009) Basel, DewakaThe present study on the sex preference and fertility are carried out by collecting primary data from the sample survey in ward number 5 of Meghauli VDC in Chitwan district. The main aim of this study is to examine the existing reasons of desire for children by sex. For this study the respondents are currently married women aged 15-49 years and theirhusband. The study covers total of673populations from total of 125 selectedhousehold. Out of 125 selected household, 86.1 percent peopleare literate.Out of the total population aged (10 years and above),37.5 percent are founds in agricultural, 30.6 percent are founds in students and 13.3 percent are services. The socio-economic, demographic and cultural variable affects sex preference and fertility. Most of respondents, 68.8 percent household have 0.03386 hectare to 0.67730 hectareof land, 22.4 percent household haveabovethan0.6773 hectare, 8.8 percenthouseholdhave 0.03386 hectare and belowtheir cultivable land ownership. Most of respondent 89.6 percent are supported the 12 months in a year for their income efficiency. Out of total respondent,91.2 percent have given birth to children but only 8.8 percent haven’t any children. Who have given birth of children, 42.1 percent of respondent have given birth of only one Son, 33.6 percent of respondents have given birth onlyone daughter. 14.9 percent respondents have not given any son and 24.6percent respondents havenot any daughter.31.6 percent of respondents who se children are died among their live birth. Among the total number of childrendied, 72.2 percent son are died. Out of 114 respondents, 57. 9 percent respondents have given the first birth of son and 42.1 percents have given first birth of daughter. Out of total respondents,81.6 percent of the respondent are reported that they would like to have their first child as a son and 18.4 percentrespondents would like to have their first child as a daughter, 68.8 percent ofhusband and 65.6 percent of wivesare wanted at least one son in their family and 20 percent of husband and 21.6 percent of wives are wanted at least one 11 daughter. Majority of the respondents both husband and wives more emphasizedon the increase heredity and old age security for wanting sons. The large proportion of agricultural respondents (51.0%) want son.Among total respondents, 18.6 percent of illiterate respondents wants on and 21.27 percent want to daughter. Similarly 81.4 percent of literature want to son for first child and 78.3 percent want to daughter for first child. Out of 114 respondents, 19.3 percent respondents want to two sons among their ideal family size, who have three children in their family. About seventeen percentrespondents want to one son among their ideal family size, who have two children in their family. As well as 17.5 percent respondents want to two sonsin their family size who have four children and above. Highest proportion of respondents who want to pregnancy who want to pregnancy continuous in age group 35-39 years and highest proportion of respondents who don't want to pregnancy continuous in age group 20-24 years. . 90.7 percent of literate respondents don't want to pregnancy continuous but only 75.6 percent ofliterate respondents wantto pregnancy continuous. Most of the highest percent of agricultural respondents want to pregnancy continuous than other occupational respondents.57.1 percent of respondents have used the temporary family planning method who have only one son and 42.9 percent of respondents have use the temporary family planning method who have not any son.Item Socio-Economic and Demographic Effects on Fertility (A Case Study of Pakuwa Vdc, Parbat)(Department of Populations Studies, 2008) Khadka, Narayan BahadurThe study of the Socio-Economic and Demographic Effects on Fertility is based onprimary data, which has been collected from the purposive type of sampling survey ofPakuwa VDC (i.e. ward number 7,8 and 9). The main objectives of this study are toexamine the socio-economic and demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude andpractice of family planning and effects of socio-economic and demographic variables onfertility. This study has included ever-marriedwomen of reproductive age (15-49) groups from 90households. The total population is 651, out of them 318 (48.5%) are males and 333(51.5%) are females. The dependency ratio is 48.5 with 38.5 as young age dependencyand 9.8 as old age dependency ratio inthe study area. One hundred eleven ever-married women of reproductive age (15- 49 years) aresuccessfully interviewed from ninety households in the study area. The head of thehouseholds are interviewed to collect the general socio-economic and demographiccharacteristics of those households and the women of reproductive age (from four majorcaste / ethnic groups i.e.Bramin, Chhetri, Dalits and Janajatis) are included in interviewto observe the effects of some socio-economic and demographic variables on fertilitydifferentials. Using mean, cross and frequency tables examine the effects of socio-economic and demographic variables on fertility differentials Out of 111 respondents, 69 are literate and 42 are illiterate. The majority of women areengaged in agricultural sector. Similarly, mean age at marriage is low with 2.9 meanCEB. The knowledge of family planning is almost universal but prevalence rate is stilllow (31.5%). The major findings of this study indicate the mean number of children ever born isassociated with age of women, age at first marriage, age at first birth, child lossexperience, occupation, education and family planning.Item Socio-Economic and Demographic impact on Fertility (A Case Study of Khatwe Community of Gidha VDC in Dhanusha)(Department of Population Studies, 2008) Yadav, Bisheshwarnot availableItem A Study on the Existing Relationship between Poverty and Fertility(Department of Population Studies, 2011) Rai, Kishor KumarThis dissertation,"A Study on the Existing Relationship between Poverty and Fertility" is performed to examine the relationship between poverty and fertility in Surumkhim VDC. This thesis is based on primary and secondary data. The primary data was collected from the Surumkhim Village Development Committee (ward 1-9), Taplejung district. The secondary data was obtained fromNepal Living Standard Survey andVillage profile available from Surumkhim VDC.The objective of this study is to find out the income based poverty and analyze the relationship between poverty and fertility behavior.The result of the study showed income based poverty is higher in study area than national average. Poor households have large household size compared to non-poor households. The study shows poverty and fertility are directly related to each other as the poverty increases thefertility performance increases. The study found that the households belong to different caste and ethnic groups; populationcomposition observed for Rai 19.4 percent, followed by Limbu 19 percent, Gurung 17.9percent, Tamang 16.3 percentand other.The total population of the study area was recorded 515 people in 96 households with a woman aged 15-49 was chosen for sampling. Among515 sample population,253 males were(49.13percent) and 262 female (50.87percent) with average family size 5.52. The sex ratio is found 96.19 which show that female population is relatively largerthan male population. Out of 351 population 83.0 percent were found literate and 17.0 percentilliterate yet. The percent of male literate is higher (91.1 percent) than female (75.1 percent) and aged 15 years and above 67.8 percent are married and 29.8 percent are unmarried.The mean CEB is 3.8 children per married man. In occupation,agriculture 42.1percent and foreign employer 4.1 percent In the study area,74.83 percent of household had yearly income below Rs.200,000(comparing with nationalaverage Rs.202,374).Out of 96 households 61.5percenthavefoodaccess just for 3 to 6 month.The poor family which they couldn't feed their family throughout the year and they have to borrow the money from businessman with high rate 30 percent of interest and they are compelled to buy household requirements in an expensive cost rate.They had to face three types of disadvantage i.e. first high price in credit in purchasing food items, second high interest (30-36percent)of debt and low price in selling cardamom to the money lender or businessman. Thatis one of the reasons of poverty in study area.The mean CEB to a woman was found to higher in poor groups than non-poor groups. The study showed that income level and fertility are inversely proportion to each other. It is showed that lower the income level higher the CEB.Therefore, poverty is directly related to fertility.