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Item Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Helminths in Goats of Banke , Nepal(Department of Zoology, 2012) Neupane, Om PrakashCapra hircus (goat) is one of the most important species of domestic livestock in Nepal.This species is greatly affected by the helminth parasites. The current study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Gastointestinal Helminths in goats of Banke. The fecal samples were examined qualitatively by differential floatation and sedimentation technique and quantative (egg per gram) examination was done by Stoll’s counting method. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 30 randomly selected goat owners regarding management practices and use of anthihelmintecs. A total of 315 fecal samples of which 165 in post rainy season and 150 in winter season were examined to determine the prevalence and intensity of helminths infection in goats. The study revealed 208 fecal samples out of 315 samples (66.03%) with significant EPG. The prevalence was higher in wet season (75.75%) than in dry season (55.33%) and was statistically significant (2=5.311, P<0.05).The most common parasites encountered were Strongyloides (24.39%), Haemonchus (20.97%), Moniezia (20.52%), Trichostrongylus (19.45%), Trichuris (17.65%), Fasciola (17.25%), Nematodirus (11.12%), Paramphistomum (9.28%), Oesophagostomum (8.91%),Ostertagia (8.35%), Chabertia (7.65%), Dicrocoelium (5.45%) and Capillaria (2.15%). Altogether 13 genera of helminth parasites were found in present study among them one was cestode (Moniezia), 3 were trematodes (Fasciola, Paramphistomum and Dicrocoelium) and 9 were nematodes. This study showed 45.67% trematode infection, 24.51% cestode infection and 82.21% nematode infection. The prevalence of helminths infection reflects a higher occurrence in the adults (70.54%) followed by the kids (63.38%) with young goats (62.60%) having the least. The prevalence was highest in Mahadevpuri (69.52%) followed by Khaskushma (68.57%) and least in Rajhena (60.01%). Out of 208 (66.03%) positive samples, 158 (75.95%) positive samples were found to have mixed infections.Most of the farmers are unaware of helminths parasite problems. There should be provision of adequate and appropriate control strategies and awareness programs for farmers to enhance the goat farming and increase productivity.Item Study on helminth parasites in general and liver fluke (Fasciolo sp.) in particular on cattle of Mukundapur VDC-02, Nawalparasi(Department of Zoology, 2011) Dhakal, Yadav PrasadCattle (Bos indicus) being an important source of milk and as draft animals in the rural areas of Nepal has been considered in the present thesis. The outcomes from this species is badly affected by the helminth parasites. The current study was carried out to observe the seasonal prevalence of helminth parasites in general and liver fluke (Fasciola sp.) in particular which is considered as a major aspect of productivity loss. Two different techniques were used during the detection of helminth parasites. These were simple floatation and sedimentation technique. There were 100 samples collected during each month of September and January. The seasonal prevalence of helminth parasites during September and January were 70% and 60% respectively. During September 82.85% of infection were caused by trematodes, 12.86% by cestodes and 41.42% by nematodes. Likewise 65%, 11.67% and 50% of infections were caused by trematodes, cestodes and nematodes respectively during January. Cestode genera Anoplocephala was reported for the first time in cattle from Nepal. Among the total positive samples 49.43% were found to have single infection and rest 50.77% have mixed infection by 2-4 different genera. Most of the single and mixed infections were due to Fasciola sp. The overall prevalence percentage follows as: Trematodes: Fasciola sp. (55.38%), Schistosoma sp. (37.69%), Dicrocoelium sp. (1.54%), Paramphistomum sp. (3.85%), Ornithobilharzia sp. (0.77%), Cestodes: Dipylidium sp. (7.69%), Taenia sp. (4.62%), Moniezia sp. (1.54%), Anoplocephala sp. (0.77%). Nematodes: Trychostryngylus sp.(10.77%), Strongyloides sp. (9.23%), Chabertia sp. (5.38%), Toxocara sp. (1.54%), Ostertagia sp. (4.62%), Bunostomum sp. (1.54%), Dictyocaulus sp.(9.23%), Haemonchus sp. (0.77%), Ascaris sp. (4.62%), Capillaria sp. (2.31%), Cooperia sp. (3.85%), Oesophagostomum sp. (0.77%), Trichuris sp. (3.08%). The difference in prevalence of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica during two seasons were found statistically significant. (χ2 = 12.86, P<0.05, d.f. = 1).